Spillover of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus to dairy cattle

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 634(8034), P. 669 - 676

Published: July 25, 2024

The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus clade 2.3.4.4b has caused the death of millions domestic birds and thousands wild in USA since January 2022 (refs.

Language: Английский

---

Avian and Human Influenza A Virus Receptors in Bovine Mammary Gland

Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(9)

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

An outbreak of influenza A (H5N1) virus was detected in dairy cows the United States. We sialic acid -α2,3/α2,6-galactose host receptors bovine mammary glands by lectin histochemistry. Our results provide a rationale for high levels H5N1 milk from infected cows.

Language: Английский

---

The avian and human influenza A virus receptors sialic acid (SA)-α2,3 and SA-α2,6 are widely expressed in the bovine mammary gland

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 3, 2024

Abstract An outbreak of H5N1 highly pathogenic influenza A virus (HPIAV) has been detected in dairy cows the United States. Influenza (IAV) is a negative-sense, single-stranded, RNA that not previously associated with widespread infection cattle. As such, cattle are an extremely under-studied domestic IAV host species. receptors on cells sialic acids (SAs) bound to galactose either α2,3 or α2,6 linkage. Human IAVs preferentially bind SA-α2,6 (human receptor), whereas avian have preference for (avian receptor). The receptor can further be divided into two receptors: isolated from chickens generally more tightly SA-α2,3-Gal-β1,4 (chicken duck SA-α2,3-Gal-β1,3 (duck We found all were expressed, different degree, mammary gland, respiratory tract, and cerebrum beef and/or human widely expressed bovine chicken dominated tract. In general, only low expression was observed neurons cerebrum. These results provide mechanistic rationale high levels reported infected milk show potential act as mixing vessel novel generation. Graphical abstract Created Biorender.com

Language: Английский

---

Emerging Threats of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) in US Dairy Cattle: Understanding Cross-Species Transmission Dynamics in Mammalian Hosts

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1703 - 1703

Published: Oct. 30, 2024

The rapid geographic spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus in poultry, wild birds, and other mammalian hosts, including humans, raises significant health concerns globally. recent emergence HPAI agricultural animals such as cattle goats indicates ability to breach unconventional host interfaces, further expanding range. Among four types-A, B, C, D, are most susceptible D infection serve a reservoir for this seven-segmented virus. It is generally thought that bovines not hosts types viruses, type A. However, long-standing viewpoint has been challenged by outbreaks dairy cows United States. To date, into fourteen states, affecting 299 herds causing clinical symptoms reduced appetite, fever, sudden drop milk production. Infected can also transmit disease through raw milk. This review article describes current epidemiological landscape US its interspecies transmission events reported across globe. discusses viral determinants tropism, range, adaptative mutations various with natural experimental infections, vaccination strategies. Finally, it summarizes some immediate questions need be addressed better understanding biology, transmission, immune response bovines.

Language: Английский

---

Influenza A virus in dairy cattle: infection biology and potential mammary gland-targeted vaccines

npj Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Abstract Influenza, a major “One Health” threat, has gained heightened attention following recent reports of highly pathogenic avian influenza in dairy cattle and cow-to-human transmission the USA. This review explores general aspects A virus (IAV) biology, its interactions with mammalian hosts, discusses key considerations for developing vaccines to prevent or curtail IAV infection bovine mammary gland spread through milk.

Language: Английский

---

Predicting and preventing the next viral disease transmitted through food

Food Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 104782 - 104782

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Avian influenza viruses: are they changing?

New Zealand Veterinary Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 5

Published: April 22, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Newcastle disease virus expressing clade 2.3.4.4b H5 hemagglutinin confers protection against lethal H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza in BALB/c mice

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 22, 2025

The widespread H5 clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) poses a significant threat to both domestic and wild mammals because of its rapid genetic evolution, cross-species transmissibility, host-range expansion. increasing number cases in mammalian species highlights the need for proactive measures driven by One Health approach. In this study, we explored potential use previously developed Newcastle disease (NDV)-vectored vaccine expressing hemagglutinin (rK148/22-H5) preclinical BALB/c mouse model. Two doses intramuscular vaccination with viable (107 EID50/0.1 mL) or inactivated rK148/22-H5 provided protection against lethal H5N1 HPAI. A greater than 100-fold reduction lung viral load was observed vaccinated group compared control group. Consistently, co-housed contact mice survived without evidence infection, whereas those became infected succumbed disease. demonstrated as HPAI candidate mammals, warranting further steps advance into clinical trials captive species.

Language: Английский

---

Cross-Species Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 Virus in the U.S. Dairy Cattle: A Comprehensive Review

Published: May 31, 2024

There are four types of influenza viruses: A, B, C, and D. Cattle susceptible to D infection serve as a reservoir for this seven-segmented virus. It is generally thought that bovines not host other viruses including type A. This long-standing viewpoint has been challenged by the recent highly pathogenic avian (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks in dairy cows United States. To date, HPAI spread into nine states affecting 49 herds causing clinical symptoms reduced appetite, fever, sudden drop milk production. review article describes current epidemiological landscape U.S. interspecies transmission events mammals reported countries. The also discusses adaptation mutations mammalian hosts vaccination strategies. Finally, it summarizes some immediate questions need be addressed towards better understanding biology, transmission, immune response bovines.

Language: Английский

---

The introduction of a highly virulent PRRSV strain in pig farms is associated with a change in the pattern of influenza A virus infection in nurseries

Veterinary Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 55(1)

Published: Nov. 9, 2024

The present study aimed to determine the dynamics of influenza A virus (IAV) infection in two endemically infected farms (F1 and F2), where a longitudinal follow-up piglets was performed from birth 8-12 weeks age. During study, highly virulent isolate porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome (PRRSV) introduced on both farms. This allowed us examine impact such introduction patterns infection, disease, antibody response pigs IAV infection. new PRRSV strain coincided with change In F1, cumulative incidence increased 20% before outbreak 67.5%, together existence animals that tested positive for (RT‒qPCR) nasal swabs or more consecutive samples. F2, 50% 70%, proportion prolonged shedders sharply. Additionally, some were same twice during observation period. contrast previous reports, our revealed shedding not related titres maternally derived antibodies at time but significantly (p < 0.05) status. Notably, after outbreak, high IAV-infected did seroconvert, which hemagglutination inhibition against when infected.

Language: Английский

---