bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 18, 2022
Abstract
Most
plant-pathogenic
Xanthomonas
bacteria
harbor
transcription
activator-like
effector
(TALE)
genes,
which
function
as
transcriptional
activators
of
host
plant
genes
and
support
infection.
The
entire
repertoire
up
to
29
TALE
a
strain
is
also
referred
TALome.
DNA-binding
domain
TALEs
comprised
highly
conserved
repeats
often
occur
in
gene
clusters,
precludes
the
assembly
TALE-carrying
genomes
based
on
standard
sequencing
approaches.
Here,
we
report
successful
5
Mbp
five
strains
from
Oxford
Nanopore
Technologies
(ONT)
data.
For
one
these
strains,
oryzae
pv.
(
Xoo
)
PXO35,
illustrate
why
Illumina
short
reads
longer
PacBio
are
insufficient
fully
resolve
genome.
While
ONT
perfectly
suited
yield
contiguous
genomes,
they
suffer
specific
error
profile
within
homopolymers.
To
still
complete
correct
TALomes
assemblies,
present
computational
correction
pipeline
specifically
tailored
yields
at
least
comparable
accuracy
Illumina-based
polishing.
We
further
systematically
assess
ONT-based
for
its
multiplexing
capacity
find
that,
combined
with
correction,
TALome
PXO35
could
have
been
reconstructed
less
than
20,000
reads.
Our
results
indicate
that
multiplexed
constitutes
capable
tool
characterizing
huge
collections
future.
Plant Biotechnology Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(8), P. 2186 - 2200
Published: April 8, 2024
Summary
The
clade
III
subfamily
of
OsSWEETs
includes
transmembrane
proteins
necessary
for
susceptibility
to
bacterial
blight
(BB).
These
genes
are
targeted
by
the
specific
transcription
activator‐like
effector
(TALE)
Xanthomonas
oryzae
pv.
and
mediate
sucrose
efflux
proliferation.
However,
mechanism
through
which
regulate
rice
immunity
has
not
been
fully
elucidated.
Here,
we
demonstrated
that
cytosolic
carboxyl
terminus
OsSWEET11a/Xa13
is
required
complementing
PXO99
in
IRBB13
(
xa13
/
).
Interestingly,
C‐terminus
ZmXa13,
maize
homologue
OsSWEET11a/Xa13,
could
perfectly
substitute
OsSWEET11a/Xa13.
Furthermore,
interacted
with
high‐mobility
group
B1
(OsHMGB1)
protein
small
heat
shock‐like
OsHsp20L
same
regions
C‐terminus.
Consistent
physical
interactions,
knockdown
or
knockout
either
OsHMGB1
caused
an
enhanced
PXO99‐resistant
phenotype
similar
OsSWEET11a/OsXa13.
Surprisingly,
plants
was
repressed
developed
increased
resistance
PXO86,
PXO61
YN24,
carry
TALEs
targeting
OsSWEET14/Xa41
.
Additionally,
can
interact
all
six
members
OsSWEETs,
whereas
five
other
addition
OsSWEET12.
Overall,
revealed
conserved
BB
interacting
candidates
breeding
broad‐spectrum
disease‐resistant
rice.
Plant Communications,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 100721 - 100721
Published: Sept. 1, 2023
Xanthomonas
oryzae
pv.
(Xoo)
secretes
transcription
activator-like
effectors
(TALEs)
to
activate
rice
susceptibility
(S),
causing
bacterial
blight
(BB),
as
well
resistance
(R)
genes,
leading
defense
against
BB.
This
activation
follows
a
gene-for-gene
paradigm
that
results
in
an
arms
race
between
the
TALE
of
pathogen
and
effector-binding
elements
(EBEs)
promoter
host
genes.
In
this
study,
we
characterized
novel
designated
Tal6b/AvrXa27A
activates
S
gene
OsSWEET11a
R
Xa27.
is
member
AvrXa27/TalAO
class
contains
16
repeat
variable
diresidues
(RVDs);
Tal6b/AvrXa27A,
one
RVD
altered
deleted
when
compared
AvrXa27,
known
avirulence
(avr)
effector
transcriptionally
activated
expression
both
Xa27
via
EBEs
their
corresponding
promoters,
thus
effector-triggered
immunity
susceptibility,
respectively.
The
RVDs
have
no
obvious
similarity
with
24
PthXo1,
but
EBETal6b
EBEPthXo1
overlapped
promoter.
was
prevalent
among
Asian
Xoo
isolates,
PthXo1
has
only
been
reported
Philippine
strain
PXO99A.
Genome
editing
further
corroborated
requirement
for
Tal6b/AvrXa27A-dependent
Xoo.
Moreover,
resulted
higher
than
OsSWEET11a,
which
led
strong,
rapid
response
blocked
disease
development.
These
findings
suggest
plays
dual
functions:
triggering
by
activating
factor
while
inducing
resulting
virulence.
Intriguingly,
Tal6b/AvrXa27A,but
not
can
bind
OsSWEET11a.
underlying
recognition
mechanism
remains
unclear
appears
deviate
from
currently
accepted
TALE-DNA
code.
Plant and Cell Physiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
65(4), P. 477 - 483
Published: Dec. 19, 2023
Abstract
Plastids
(including
chloroplasts)
and
mitochondria
are
remnants
of
endosymbiotic
bacteria,
yet
they
maintain
their
own
genomes,
which
encode
vital
components
for
photosynthesis
respiration,
respectively.
Organellar
genomes
have
distinctive
features,
such
as
being
present
multicopies,
mostly
inherited
maternally,
having
characteristic
genomic
structures
undergoing
frequent
homologous
recombination.
To
date,
it
has
proven
to
be
challenging
modify
these
genomes.
For
example,
while
CRISPR/Cas9
is
a
widely
used
system
editing
nuclear
genes,
not
been
successfully
applied
organellar
Recently,
however,
precise
gene-editing
technologies
Protein-based
enzymes,
especially
transcription
activator–like
effector
nucleases
(TALENs)
artificial
enzymes
utilizing
DNA-binding
domains
TALENs
(TALEs),
by
harnessing
organellar-targeting
signals.
This
short
review
introduces
discusses
the
use
targeted
base
editors
in
effects
potential
applications
plant
science
breeding.
BMC Genomics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(1)
Published: March 27, 2023
Most
plant-pathogenic
Xanthomonas
bacteria
harbor
transcription
activator-like
effector
(TALE)
genes,
which
function
as
transcriptional
activators
of
host
plant
genes
and
support
infection.
The
entire
repertoire
up
to
29
TALE
a
strain
is
also
referred
TALome.
DNA-binding
domain
TALEs
comprised
highly
conserved
repeats
often
occur
in
gene
clusters,
precludes
the
assembly
TALE-carrying
genomes
based
on
standard
sequencing
approaches.Here,
we
report
successful
5
Mbp
five
strains
from
Oxford
Nanopore
Technologies
(ONT)
data.
For
one
these
strains,
oryzae
pv.
(Xoo)
PXO35,
illustrate
why
Illumina
short
reads
longer
PacBio
are
insufficient
fully
resolve
genome.
While
ONT
perfectly
suited
yield
contiguous
genomes,
they
suffer
specific
error
profile
within
homopolymers.
To
still
complete
correct
TALomes
assemblies,
present
computational
correction
pipeline
specifically
tailored
yields
at
least
comparable
accuracy
Illumina-based
polishing.
We
further
systematically
assess
ONT-based
for
its
multiplexing
capacity
find
that,
combined
with
correction,
TALome
Xoo
PXO35
could
have
been
reconstructed
less
than
20,000
reads.Our
results
indicate
that
multiplexed
constitutes
capable
tool
characterizing
huge
collections
future.
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: April 16, 2025
Pathogens
and
symbiotic
microorganisms
significantly
influence
plant
growth
crop
productivity.
Enhancing
disease
resistance
maximizing
the
beneficial
role
of
in
agriculture
constitute
critical
areas
scientific
investigation.
A
fundamental
aspect
plant-microorganisms
interactions
revolves
around
nutritional
dynamics,
characterized
by
either
"food
shortage"
or
supply"
scenarios.
Notably,
pathogenic
predominantly
utilize
photosynthetic
sugars
as
their
primary
carbon
source
during
host
colonization.
This
phenomenon
has
generated
substantial
interest
regulatory
mechanisms
governing
sugar
transport
redistribution
at
plant-microorganism
interface.
Sugar
transporters,
which
primarily
mediate
allocation
to
various
sink
organs,
have
emerged
crucial
players
plant-pathogen
establishment
associations.
review
systematically
categorized
transporters
highlighted
functional
significance
mediating
with
microorganisms.
Furthermore,
we
synthesized
recent
advancements
understanding
molecular
these
identified
key
questions
warranting
further
Elucidating
roles
offers
novel
strategies
for
enhancing
health
productivity,
thereby
contributing
agricultural
sustainability
global
food
security.
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: May 21, 2025
Plant
disease
poses
a
great
threat
to
crop
production.
The
mechanisms
underlying
plant-pathogen
interactions
are
critical
research
topics
worldwide.
In
recent
years,
significant
breakthrough
studies
have
been
reported,
broadening
our
understanding
of
plant
immunity.
Based
on
these
findings,
many
strategies
developed
improve
defense
against
various
diseases.
Here,
we
summarize
and
their
applications
in
aimed
at
promoting
resistance.
Besides
domain
swapping,
gene
shuffling,
random
mutation,
three
additional
the
last
decade.
first
strategy
is
editing
host
susceptibility
(
S
)
genes
prevent
pathogen
infection.
Editing
Mlo
DMR6
species
good
examples
this
approach.
second
promoters
or
resistance
R
genes.
This
widely
used
counteract
Xanthomonas
,
such
as
modifying
LOB1
SWEET
several
crops
enhance
third
designing
products,
especially
nucleotide-binding
leucine-rich
repeat
(NLR)
receptors.
approach
based
growing
knowledge
structural
features
NLRs,
which
seen
advances
recently.
To
date,
all
NLR-engineering
attempts
focused
rice
paired
Pikp-1/Pikp-2
(allelic
Pikm-1/Pikm-2)
RGA4/RGA5.
bioengineering
NLRs
provides
promising
method
combat
diverse
pathogens.
Detailed
also
discussed
review,
organized
around
strategies.
summary,
with
progresses
immune
mechanism,
innovative
molecular
available
mitigate
pathogens
future.
Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(5), P. 471 - 471
Published: April 25, 2025
Rice
bacterial
blight
(BB)
and
leaf
streak
(BLS),
caused
by
Xanthomonas
oryzae
pv.
(Xoo)
oryzicola
(Xoc),
respectively,
are
among
the
most
devastating
diseases
threatening
global
rice
production.
The
interactions
between
complex
dynamic,
involving
recognition,
attack,
defense,
adaptation
mechanisms
enacted
both
host
pathogens.
This
review
summarizes
recent
advances
in
understanding
rice–Xanthomonas
interactions,
focusing
on
infection
models,
pathogenic
mechanisms,
immune
responses
elicited
oryzae.
Special
attention
is
devoted
to
roles
of
transcription
activator-like
effectors
(TALEs)
non-TALE
pathogenicity,
functions
resistance
(R)
genes
interconnected
molecular
networks
derived
from
multi-omics
approaches.
Understanding
these
essential
for
developing
effective
disease-resistance
strategies
creating
elite
disease-resistant
varieties.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: Sept. 28, 2022
Pathogens
are
important
threats
to
many
plants
throughout
their
lifetimes.
Plants
have
developed
different
strategies
overcome
them.
In
the
plant
immunity
system,
nucleotide-binding
domain
and
leucine-rich
repeat-containing
proteins
(NLRs)
most
common
components.
And
recent
studies
greatly
expanded
our
understanding
of
how
NLRs
function
in
plants.
this
review,
we
summarize
on
mechanism
processes
effector
recognition,
resistosome
formation,
defense
activation.
Typical
divided
into
three
groups
according
domains
at
N
termini
interrelated
ways
immunity.
Atypical
contain
additional
integrated
(IDs),
some
which
directly
interact
with
pathogen
effectors.
Plant
evolve
effectors
exhibit
specific
recognition.
Meanwhile,
been
successfully
engineered
confer
resistance
new
pathogens
based
accumulated
studies.
summary,
pioneering
obtained
NLR
researches,
though
more
questions
arise
as
a
result
huge
number
NLRs.
However,
broadened
mechanism,
will
be
components
for
engineering
improvement.