Melatonin as a Hormone: New Physiological and Clinical Insights

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 39(6), P. 990 - 1028

Published: Sept. 12, 2018

Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule present in almost every live being from bacteria to humans. In vertebrates, besides produced peripheral tissues and acting as an autocrine paracrine signal, melatonin centrally synthetized by neuroendocrine organ, the pineal gland. Independently of considered species, hormone always during night its production secretory episode duration are directly dependent on length night. As tightly linked light/dark cycle, main hormonal systemic integrative action coordinate behavioral physiological adaptations environmental geophysical day season. The circadian signal daily regularity, contrast between concentrations, specially developed ways action. During episode, coordinates adaptive physiology through immediate effects primes responses prospective that will only appear at daytime, when absent. Similarly, annual history central nervous/endocrine system seasons come. Remarkably, maternal programs fetuses' behavior cope with cycle season after birth. These unique turn into biological time-domain–acting molecule. review focuses above considerations, proposes putative classification clinical dysfunctions, discusses general guidelines therapeutic use melatonin.

Language: Английский

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Current knowledge on the photoneuroendocrine regulation of reproduction in temperate fish species

Journal of Fish Biology, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 76(1), P. 27 - 68

Published: Jan. 1, 2010

Seasonality is an important adaptive trait in temperate fish species as it entrains or regulates most physiological events such reproductive cycle, growth profile, locomotor activity and key life‐stage transitions. Photoperiod undoubtedly one of the predictable environmental signals that can be used by living organisms including fishes areas. This said, however, understanding how a simple signal dictate time gonadal recruitment spawning, for example, complex task. Over past few decades, many scientists attempted to unravel roots photoperiodic signalling teleosts investigating role melatonin reproduction, but without great success. In fact, hormone recognized biological time‐keeping mainly due fact reflects seasonal variation daylength across whole animal kingdom rather than existence direct evidences its entrainment reproduction fishes. Recently, some new studies clearly suggested interacts with cascade at number steps through dopaminergic system brain synchronization final oocyte maturation gonad. Interestingly, years, additional pathways have become apparent search photoneuroendocrine clock‐gene network kisspeptin although research on these topics are still their infancy, moving pace. review thus aims bring together current knowledge photic control focusing shape working hypotheses supported recent findings obtained based gathered mammalian avian species. Four main potential regulatory systems (light perception, melatonin, clock genes kisspeptin) reviewed.

Language: Английский

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Gamete quality and broodstock management in temperate fish

Reviews in Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 5(s1)

Published: May 1, 2013

Abstract The ability to fully control sexual maturation and spawning produce large numbers of high quality seeds ‘on demand’ (i.e. all year long) is a primary requirement for the successful development aquaculture. This relies on optimal broodstock management practices based extensive knowledge nutritional environmental requirements fish in captivity. However, many established, emerging new farmed species, such limited or not available yet. level domestication also plays an essential role as stocks with improved traits farming conditions are selected. Importantly, reliable indicators egg still lacking hatcheries rely wild harvested broodstocks species. These key challenges must be addressed urgently ensure sustainable E uropean sector. review gives overview methods assess egg/sperm most important factors affecting gamete production quality, including nutrition, induction protocols, genetic management, preservation reproductive strategies.

Language: Английский

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The evolutionary legacy of size‐selective harvesting extends from genes to populations

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 8(6), P. 597 - 620

Published: April 21, 2015

Size-selective harvesting is assumed to alter life histories of exploited fish populations, thereby negatively affecting population productivity, recovery, and yield. However, demonstrating that fisheries-induced phenotypic changes in the wild are at least partly genetically determined has proved notoriously difficult. Moreover, population-level consequences evolution still being controversially discussed. Using an experimental approach, we found five generations size-selective altered behavior, but not metabolic rate, wild-origin zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish adapted high positively size selective fishing pressure invested more reproduction, reached a smaller adult body size, were less explorative bold. Phenotypic seemed subtle accompanied by genetic functional loci. Thus, our results provided unambiguous evidence for rapid, harvest-induced evolutionary change when intensive selective. According life-history model, observed elevated growth rate harvested conditions, slowed recovery under simulated moratorium. Hence, legacy includes populations productive selectively disadvantaged cope with natural selection pressures often favor large size.

Language: Английский

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Light Pollution, Circadian Photoreception, and Melatonin in Vertebrates

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(22), P. 6400 - 6400

Published: Nov. 14, 2019

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is increasing exponentially worldwide, accelerated by the transition to new efficient lighting technologies. However, ALAN and resulting pollution can cause unintended physiological consequences. In vertebrates, production of melatonin—the “hormone darkness” a key player in circadian regulation—can be suppressed ALAN. this paper, we provide an overview research on melatonin vertebrates. We discuss how disrupts natural photic environments, its effect rhythms, different photoreceptor systems across vertebrate taxa. then present results systematic review which identified studies under typical light-polluted conditions fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, including humans. Melatonin extremely low intensities many ranging from 0.01–0.03 lx for fishes rodents 6 sensitive Even lower, wavelength-dependent are implied some require rigorous testing ecological contexts. studies, suppression occurs minimum levels tested, and, better-studied groups, reported occur lower levels. identify major gaps conclude that, most crucial information lacking. No were amphibians reptiles long-term impacts low-level exposure unknown. Given high sensitivity paucity available information, it further order inform effective mitigation strategies human health wellbeing fitness vertebrates ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Exposure to Artificial Light at Night and the Consequences for Flora, Fauna, and Ecosystems

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 16, 2020

The present review draws together wide-ranging studies performed over the last decades that catalogue effects of artificial-light-at-night (ALAN) upon living species and their environment. We provide an overview tremendous variety light-detection strategies which have evolved in organisms - unicellular, plants animals, covering chloroplasts (plants), plethora ocular extra-ocular organs (animals). describe visual pigments permit photo-detection, paying attention to spectral characteristics, extend from ultraviolet into infrared. discuss how use light information a way crucial for development, growth survival: phototropism, phototaxis, photoperiodism, synchronization circadian clocks. These aspects are treated depth, as perturbation underlies much disruptive ALAN. goes detail on networks organisms, since these fundamental features critical importance regulating interface between environment body. Especially, hormonal synthesis secretion often under circannual control, hence clock will lead imbalance. addresses ubiquitous introduction light-emitting diode technology may exacerbate, or some cases reduce, generalized ever-increasing pollution. Numerous examples given widespread exposure ALAN is perturbing many plant animal behaviour foraging, orientation, migration, seasonal reproduction, colonization more. examine potential problems at level individual populations debate consequences ecosystems. stress, through few examples, synergistic harmful resulting impacts combined with other anthropogenic pressures, impact neuroendocrine loops vertebrates. article concludes by debating changes could be mitigated more reasonable available example restricting illumination essential areas hours, directing lighting avoid wasteful radiation selecting emissions, reduce end discussing society should take account potentially major has natural world repercussions ongoing human health welfare.

Language: Английский

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The effect of environmental stressors on growth in fish and its endocrine control

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 30, 2023

Fish body growth is a trait of major importance for individual survival and reproduction. It has implications in population, ecology, evolution. Somatic controlled by the GH/IGF endocrine axis influenced nutrition, feeding, reproductive-regulating hormones as well abiotic factors such temperature, oxygen levels, salinity. Global climate change anthropogenic pollutants will modify environmental conditions affecting directly or indirectly fish performance. In present review, we offer an overview somatic its interplay with feeding regulatory summarize effects global warming main on these axes.

Language: Английский

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Effects of light during early larval development of some aquacultured teleosts: A review

Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 315(1-2), P. 86 - 94

Published: Nov. 4, 2010

Language: Английский

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MicroRNA in Teleost Fish

Genome Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 6(8), P. 1911 - 1937

Published: July 22, 2014

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulators involved in nearly all known biological processes distant eukaryotic clades. Their discovery functional characterization have broadened our understanding of regulatory mechanisms animals plants. They show both evolutionary conserved unique features across Metazoa. Here, we present the current status knowledge about role miRNA development, growth, physiology teleost fishes, comparison to other vertebrates. Infraclass Teleostei is most abundant group among vertebrate lineage. Fish an important component aquatic ecosystems human life, being prolific source animal proteins worldwide a model for biomedical research. We review biogenesis, regulation, modifications, action. Specific sections devoted organogenesis, tissue differentiation, regeneration, reproduction, endocrine system, responses environmental stimuli. Each section discusses gaps pinpoints future directions research on teleosts.

Language: Английский

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Pharmaceuticals as Neuroendocrine Disruptors: Lessons Learned from Fish on Prozac

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 14(5-7), P. 387 - 412

Published: July 1, 2011

Pharmaceuticals are increasingly detected in a variety of aquatic systems. One the most prevalent environmental pharmaceuticals North America and Europe is antidepressant fluoxetine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) active ingredient Prozac. Usually range below 1 μg/L, fluoxetine its metabolite norfluoxetine found to bioaccumulate wild-caught fish, particularly brain. This has raised concerns over potential disruptive effects neuroendocrine function teleost because known role (5-HT) modulation diverse physiological processes such as reproduction, food intake growth, stress multiple behaviors. review describes evolutionary conservation 5-HT transporter (the therapeutic target SSRIs) reviews on several endpoints, including involvement mechanisms. Studies goldfish, Carassius auratus, whose regulation reproduction well characterized, described represent reliable model study disruption. In addition, fish studies investigating not only intake, but also behavior, discussed complement emerging picture disruption systems exposed fluoxetine. Environmental relevance key lessons learned from highlighted may be helpful designing targeted approaches for future risk assessments disrupting system general.

Language: Английский

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