Endocrine flexibility can facilitate or constrain the ability to cope with global change

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1898)

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Global climate change has increased average environmental temperatures world-wide, simultaneously intensifying temperature variability and extremes. Growing numbers of studies have documented phenological, behavioural morphological responses to in wild populations. As systemic signals, hormones can contribute orchestrating many these phenotypic changes. Yet little is known about whether mechanisms like hormonal flexibility (reversible changes hormone concentrations) facilitate or limit the ability individuals, populations species cope with a changing climate. In this perspective, we discuss different by which flexibility, primarily glucocorticoids, could promote versus hinder evolutionary adaptation regimes. We focus on because it key gradient influenced change, easy quantify, its links are well established. argue that reaction norm connect individual population-level species-wide patterns will be critical for making progress field. also develop case study urban heat islands, where several questions regarding addressed. Understanding allow animals when conditions become more challenging help predicting vulnerable ongoing change. This article part theme issue 'Endocrine variation: conceptual approaches recent developments'.

Language: Английский

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Predation risk-mediated indirect effects promote submerged plant growth: Implications for lake restoration

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 355, P. 120512 - 120512

Published: March 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Stress biomarkers and child development in young children in Bangladesh

Psychoneuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 164, P. 107023 - 107023

Published: March 11, 2024

Hundreds of millions children in low- and middle-income countries are exposed to chronic stressors, such as poverty, poor sanitation hygiene, sub-optimal nutrition. These stressors can have physiological consequences for may ultimately detrimental effects on child development. This study explores associations between biological measures stress early life developmental outcomes a large cohort young living rural Bangladesh. We assessed physiologic the first two years using hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (salivary cortisol glucocorticoid receptor gene methylation), sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) system alpha-amylase, heart rate, blood pressure), oxidative status (F2-isoprostanes). development with MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI), WHO gross motor milestones, Extended Ages Stages Questionnaire (EASQ). compared at 75th 25th percentiles biomarker distributions while adjusting potential confounders (hereafter referred associations) generalized additive models, which statistical models where outcome is predicted by potentially non-linear function predictor variables. analyzed data from 684 (49% female) both 14 28 months age; we included an additional 765 age. detected significant relationship HPA activity development, increased was associated outcomes. Specifically, found that reactivity (coefficient -0.15, 95% CI (-0.29, -0.01)) post-stressor levels -0.12, (-0.24, were CDI comprehension score, combined EASQ score -0.22, (-0.41, -0.04), overall methylation expression -0.09, (-0.17, -0.01)). did not detect SAM or Our observations reveal evidence childhood. findings add existing exploring stress.

Language: Английский

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Hair Cortisol Measurement: A Systematic Review Of Current Practices And A Proposed Checklist For Reporting Standards

Psychoneuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 171, P. 107185 - 107185

Published: Sept. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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Early life nutrient restriction affects hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis gene expression in a diet type-specific manner

General and Comparative Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 352, P. 114490 - 114490

Published: March 8, 2024

Language: Английский

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Physiological stress response to urbanisation differs between native and invasive squirrel species

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 922, P. 171336 - 171336

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Novel pressures derived from urbanisation can alter native habitats and ultimately impact wildlife. Coping with such human-driven changes might induce shifts in species phenotypic traits, as physiological responses to anthropogenic stressors. Preadaptation face those challenges has been suggested favour settlement spread of invasive alien urbanised areas which, consequently, respond differently than ecologically similar stressors posed by urbanisation. The activation the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis subsequent release glucocorticoids (GCs) mediate disturbance vertebrates. Furthermore, intraspecific competition, conjunction related urbanisation, affect stress differently. Using a parallel pseudo-experimental study system we measured faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations Eurasian red squirrel Eastern grey along rural-urban gradient relation conspecific density. two responded synergic effect competition. Association FGMs density squirrels varied between rural suburban sites, potentially depending on differential HPA responses. In urban this relationship did not differ significantly that ones. Conversely, squirrels' vary density, nor differed gradient. Improving knowledge about competing species' support conservation strategies altered man. Our findings be preadapted cope these areas, increasing their success under future global change scenario.

Language: Английский

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HPA flexibility and FKBP5 : promising physiological targets for conservation

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1898)

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) flexibility is an emerging concept recognizing that individuals will cope best with stressors probably be those using their hormones in the most adaptive way. The HPA considers glucocorticoids as molecules convey information about environment from brain to body so organismal phenotype comes complement prevailing conditions. In this context, FKBP5 protein appears set extent which circulating glucocorticoid concentrations can vary within and across stressors. Thus, expression, it causes, seem represent individual's ability regulate its orchestrate responses As expression also easily measured blood, could a worthy target of conservation-oriented research attention. We first review known likely roles wildlife. then describe putative genetic, environmental epigenetic causes variation among individuals. Finally, we hypothesize how should affect fitness hence population viability response human-induced rapid changes, particularly urbanization. This article part theme issue ‘Endocrine variation: conceptual approaches recent developments’.

Language: Английский

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Timing-dependent effects of elevated maternal glucocorticoids on offspring brain gene expression in a wild small mammal

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 19, 2024

Abstract An increase in maternal stress during offspring development can have cascading, life-long impacts on behavior and physiology, which vary depending the timing of exposure to stressor. By responding stressors through increasing production glucocorticoids (GCs), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a key mediator effects – both side mother offspring. At molecular level, are thought be mediated modifying transcription genes, particularly brain. To better understand evolutionary implications effects, more studies needed mechanisms wild populations. test how gene expression brains offspring, we treated free-ranging North American red squirrels ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus ) with GCs late pregnancy or early lactation collected from around weaning. We used RNA-sequencing measure hypothalamus hippocampus. found small differences between GC-treated control individuals suggesting long-term GC treatment neural transcription. The general patterns regulation across transcriptome were consistent lactation-treated individuals. However, number significantly differentially expressed genes was higher group. These results support idea that affects these dependent timing. Our findings add valuable insight into impact hormones transcriptomics population.

Language: Английский

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Associations between glucocorticoids and habitat selection reflect daily and seasonal energy requirements

Movement Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: April 22, 2024

Abstract Background Glucocorticoids are often associated with stressful environments, but they also thought to drive the best strategies improve fitness in environments. part by regulating foraging behaviours response daily and seasonal energy requirements. However, many studies demonstrating relationships between behaviour glucocorticoids experimental, few observational conducted under natural conditions have tested whether changing glucocorticoid levels related changes Methods We integrated into habitat selection models test for elk ( Cervus canadensis ) as their requirements changed. Using step analysis, we elevated were on a scale that relationship became stronger during lactation, one of greatest periods requirement female mammals. Results found (e ß = 1.44 95% CI 1.01, 2.04). no difference overall after calving, nor significant change at time calving. gradual increase calves grew over next months 1.00, 1.02), suggesting potentially physiological effect increasing Conclusions suggest glucocorticoid-integrated demonstrate role responses Ultimately, this integration will help elucidate implications conditions.

Language: Английский

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Early development of the glucocorticoid stress response in poison frog tadpoles

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 3, 2024

Abstract In vertebrates, the glucocorticoid response through hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis controls many essential functions, including behavior, metabolism, and ontogenetic transitions. However, there are tradeoffs associated with high levels of glucocorticoids, reduced growth rate lowered immunity. These drive variation in timing development HPA across taxa. anurans (frogs toads), corticosterone has critical roles concentrations can fluctuate to environmental stressors. Given role changes behaviors, we hypothesized that species immediate habitat transitions challenges would develop an early development. To test this hypothesis, studied tadpoles dyeing poison frog ( Dendrobates tinctorius ), a which hatch terrestrially transported pools water by their parent. We measured excretion whole-body concentration adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). found no significant differences rates corticosterone, nor physiological ACTH injection tadpole findings indicate is developed ontogeny. generally differ from those other tadpoles, may suggest unique ecological pressures D. shaped its axis. More broadly, study illustrates how life history strategies glucocorticoids impact Highlights - The differs species. . No difference Results for history.

Language: Английский

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