Sex diversity in the 21st century: Concepts, frameworks, and approaches for the future of neuroendocrinology

Hormones and Behavior, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 157, P. 105445 - 105445

Published: Nov. 17, 2023

Sex is ubiquitous and variable throughout the animal kingdom. Historically, scientists have used reductionist methodologies that rely on a priori sex categorizations, in which two discrete sexes are inextricably linked with gamete type. However, this binarized operationalization does not adequately reflect diversity of observed nature. This due, part, to fact exists across many levels biological analysis, including genetic, molecular, cellular, morphological, behavioral, population levels. Furthermore, mechanisms governing embedded complex networks dynamically interact other systems. To produce most accurate scientifically rigorous work examining neuroendocrinology capture full range variability present systems, we must critically assess frameworks, experimental designs, analytical methods our research. In perspective piece, first propose new conceptual framework guide integrative study sex. Then, provide practical guidance research approaches for studying sex-associated variables, factors consider design, selection model organisms, methodologies, statistical analyses. We invite fellow conscientiously apply these modernized advance understanding encourage academically socially responsible outcomes work. By expanding frameworks methodological sex, will gain insight into unique ways organization vast array

Language: Английский

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Resilience and robustness: from sub-organismal responses to communities

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Baseline glucocorticoids alone do not predict reproductive success across years, but in interaction with enzymatic antioxidants

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Glucocorticoids are known to adjust organismal functions, such as metabolism, in response environmental conditions. Therefore, these hormones thought play a key role regulating the metabolically demanding aspects of reproduction, especially variable environments. However, support for hypothesis that variation glucocorticoid concentrations predicts reproductive success is decidedly mixed. Two explanations may account this discrepancy: (i) might not act independently but could interact with other physiological traits, jointly influencing and (ii) an association become apparent primarily challenging environments when increase. To address two possibilities, we determined natural circulating baseline parental great tits (

Language: Английский

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Control of social status by sex steroids: insights from teleost fishes

Molecular Psychology Brain Behavior and Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2, P. 21 - 21

Published: Sept. 28, 2023

Many animals live in highly social environments, which individuals must behave a way that enables them to survive and harmoniously among conspecifics. Dominance hierarchies are typical species essential for determining preserving stability within groups. Although there is considerable evidence sex steroid hormones regulate behaviors associated with dominance, such as aggression mating, fewer studies have examined the role of these controlling status, especially exhibit hierarchies. Furthermore, despite this research, we know remarkably little about precise neural molecular mechanisms through steroids modulate traits rank. Here, review neuroendocrine regulation status by teleost fishes, largest most diverse vertebrate group shows extensive variation reproductive systems structures between species. First, describe function novel steroid-related genes fishes possess due lineage-specific whole-genome duplication event. Then, discuss correlational, pharmacological, genetic on control including recent implemented gene editing technologies, CRISPR/Cas9. Finally, argue approaches studies, both integrative comparative frameworks, will be vital elucidating rank characterizing their action. Collectively, ongoing future research provide insight into evolution other substrates across vertebrates.

Language: Английский

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Hormones and behavior: Basic concepts

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Revisiting the specific and potentially independent role of the gonad in hormone regulation and reproductive behavior

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 227(21)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Gonadal sex steroid hormones are well-studied modulators of reproductive physiology and behavior. Recent behavioral endocrinology research has focused on how the brain dynamically responds to – may even produce steroids, but gonadal tissues that primarily release these receive much less attention as a potential mediator variation. This Commentary revisits mechanisms by which hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis can be modulated specifically at level. These include those allow gonad regulated independently HPG axis, such receptors for non-HPG hormones, neural inputs local production conventional ‘neuropeptides'. Here, I highlight studies examine variation in diverse taxa, with an emphasis recent transcriptomic work. then outline future work establish functional roles behavior evaluate responsiveness environmental cues. When integrated mechanisms, further investigation hormone regulation yield new insight into control evolution steroid-mediated traits, including

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary behavioral endocrinology: Introduction to the special issue

Hormones and Behavior, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 152, P. 105356 - 105356

Published: April 7, 2023

Language: Английский

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