Brain–gut–microbiota axis in depression: A historical overview and future directions

Brain Research Bulletin, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 182, P. 44 - 56

Published: Feb. 11, 2022

Depression is the most common mental disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Despite abundant research, precise mechanisms underlying pathophysiology depression remain elusive. Accumulating evidence from preclinical clinical studies suggests that alterations in gut microbiota, microbe-derived short-chain fatty acids, D-amino acids metabolites play key role via brain–gut–microbiota axis, including neural immune systems. Notably, axis might crucial susceptibility versus resilience rodents exposed to stress. Vagotomy reported block depression-like phenotypes after fecal microbiota transplantation "depression-related" microbiome, suggesting vagus nerve influences through axis. In this article, we review recent findings regarding discuss its potential as therapeutic target for depression.

Language: Английский

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Gut–Brain Axis: Role of Gut Microbiota on Neurological Disorders and How Probiotics/Prebiotics Beneficially Modulate Microbial and Immune Pathways to Improve Brain Functions

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(20), P. 7551 - 7551

Published: Oct. 13, 2020

The gut microbiome acts as an integral part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that has largest and vulnerable surface with desirable features to observe foods, nutrients, environmental factors, well differentiate commensals, invading pathogens, others. It is well-known a strong connection central nervous system (CNS) in context health disease. A healthy diverse microbes vital for normal brain functions emotional behaviors. In addition, CNS controls most aspects GI physiology. molecular interaction between gut/microbiome complex bidirectional, ensuring maintenance homeostasis proper digestion. Besides this, several mechanisms have been proposed, including endocrine, neuronal, toll-like receptor, metabolites-dependent pathways. Changes bidirectional relationship GIT are linked pathogenesis neurological disorders; therefore, microbiota/gut-and-brain axis emerging widely accepted concept. this review, we summarize recent findings supporting role microbiota immune on development disorders. highlight advances improving diseases by probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics fecal transplantation via concept gut–brain axis.

Language: Английский

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Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025 attenuates major depression disorder via regulating gut microbiome and tryptophan metabolism: A randomized clinical trial

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 100, P. 233 - 241

Published: Dec. 4, 2021

Language: Английский

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Recent Development of Probiotic Bifidobacteria for Treating Human Diseases

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Dec. 22, 2021

Bifidobacterium is a non-spore-forming, Gram-positive, anaerobic probiotic actinobacterium and commonly found in the gut of infants uterine region pregnant mothers. Like all probiotics, Bifidobacteria confer health benefits on host when administered adequate amounts, showing multifaceted effects. Examples include B. bifidum, breve, longum , common strains employed to prevent treat gastrointestinal disorders, including intestinal infections cancers. Herein, we review latest development research, studies therapeutic impact Bifidobacterial species human recent efforts engineering . This article would provide readers with wholesome understanding its potentials improve health.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics, Prebiotics and Postbiotics on Mitigation of Depression Symptoms: Modulation of the Brain–Gut–Microbiome Axis

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1000 - 1000

Published: July 7, 2021

The brain-gut-microbiome axis is a bidirectional communication pathway between the gut microbiota and central nervous system. growing interest in mechanisms of its interaction with brain has contributed to considerable attention given potential use probiotics, prebiotics postbiotics prevention treatment depressive disorders. This review discusses up-to-date findings preclinical clinical trials regarding pro-, pre- Studies rodent models depression show that some them inhibit inflammation, decrease corticosterone level change neurometabolites, which consequently lead mitigation symptoms depression. Moreover, certain studies have indicated improvement mood as well changes biochemical parameters patients suffering from

Language: Английский

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A next-generation probiotic: Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorates chronic stress–induced depressive-like behavior in mice by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 105(21-22), P. 8411 - 8426

Published: Oct. 7, 2021

Language: Английский

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Mechanistic Insights into the Link between Gut Dysbiosis and Major Depression: An Extensive Review

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1362 - 1362

Published: April 16, 2022

Depression is a highly common mental disorder, which often multifactorial with sex, genetic, environmental, and/or psychological causes. Recent advancements in biomedical research have demonstrated clear correlation between gut dysbiosis (GD) or microbial and the development of anxiety depressive behaviors. The microbiome communicates brain through neural, immune, metabolic pathways, either directly (via vagal nerves) indirectly gut- microbial-derived metabolites as well hormones endocrine peptides, including peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, cholecystokinin, corticotropin-releasing factor, glucagon-like peptide, oxytocin, ghrelin). Maintaining healthy microbiota (GM) now being recognized important for health use probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal transplantation (FMT), etc. A few approaches exert antidepressant effects via restoring GM hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis functions. In this review, we summarized etiopathogenic link depression preclinical clinical evidence. addition, collated information on recent therapies supplements, such short-chain fatty acids, vitamin B12, omega-3 etc., target gut–brain (GBA) effective management behavior anxiety.

Language: Английский

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The role of serotonin within the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the development of Alzheimer’s disease: A narrative review

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 75, P. 101556 - 101556

Published: Jan. 3, 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for more than 50 million patients worldwide. Current evidence suggests exact mechanism behind this devastating to be multifactorial origin, which seriously complicates quest an effective disease-modifying therapy, as well impedes search strategic preventative measures. Of interest, preclinical studies point serotonergic alterations, either induced via selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or receptor (ant)agonists, in mitigating AD brain neuropathology next its clinical symptoms, latter being supported by a handful human intervention trials. Additionally, substantial amount trials highlight potential diet, fecal microbiota transplantations, pre- and probiotics modulating brain’s neurotransmitter system, starting from gut. Whether such interventions could truly prevent, reverse slow down progression likewise, should initially tested with mouse models, including sufficient analytical measurements both gut brain. Thereafter, therapeutic effect confirmed rigorously randomized controlled humans, preferentially across continuum, but especially prodromal up mild stages, where high adherence therapies, room noticeable enhancement are feasible still. In end, might aid development comprehensive approach tackle complex disease, since derivatives microbiota-gut-brain axis serve possible biomarkers progression, forming valuable target drug development. narrative review, available concerning orchestrating role within summarized discussed, general considerations future highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder—Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 50 - 50

Published: Jan. 8, 2022

The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem essential for the proper functioning of organism, affecting health disease status individuals. There continuous bidirectional communication between host, conforming to unique entity known as “holobiont”. Among these crosstalk mechanisms, synthesizes broad spectrum bioactive compounds or metabolites which exert pleiotropic effects on human organism. Many microbial can cross blood–brain barrier (BBB) have significant brain, playing key role in so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis. An altered (MGB) axis major characteristic many neuropsychiatric disorders, including depressive disorder (MDD). Significative differences eubiosis dysbiosis mental disorders like MDD with their different metabolite composition concentrations are being discussed. In present review, main (short-chain fatty acids -SCFAs-, bile acids, amino tryptophan -trp- derivatives, more), signaling pathways functions will be summarized explain part pathophysiology. Conclusions from promising translational approaches related metabolome addressed more depth discuss possible clinical value management patients.

Language: Английский

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How Microbes Affect Depression: Underlying Mechanisms via the Gut–Brain Axis and the Modulating Role of Probiotics

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 1172 - 1172

Published: Jan. 21, 2022

Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiome influences brain functions and psychological state of its host via gut–brain axis, dysbiosis has been linked to several mental illnesses, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Animal experiments have shown a depletion microbiota leads behavioral changes, is associated with pathological abnormal stress response impaired adult neurogenesis. Short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate are known contribute up-regulation brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), causes decreased levels BDNF, which could affect neuronal development synaptic plasticity. Increased permeability an influx microbial components lipopolysaccharides, resultant systemic inflammation may lead neuroinflammation in central nervous system. In light fact factors initiation exacerbation symptoms, this review summarizes current understanding molecular mechanisms involved MDD onset, discusses therapeutic potential probiotics, butyrate-producing bacteria, can mediate microbiota–gut–brain axis.

Language: Английский

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