“Dear Enemies”, “Nasty Neighbors”, and the Strength in Numbers: Exploring the Behavioral and Hormonal Responses of Mantled Howler Monkey Males to Simulated Intruder Loud Calls

American Journal of Primatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 87(4)

Published: March 31, 2025

ABSTRACT Loud calls are critical for primate intergroup communication, influencing resource defense, territorial boundaries, and conflict management. This study examined the interplay of familiarity numeric odds in shaping behavioral hormonal responses male mantled howler monkeys ( Alouatta palliata ) to simulated intruder calls. Using playback experiments, we tested whether were consistent with “dear enemy” dynamics, which predict stronger unfamiliar intruders, or “nasty neighbor” familiar intruders. Additionally, assessed influence odds, hypothesizing under favorable conditions. Behavioral responses, including vocalization approach latencies, primarily influenced by shorter latencies observed odds. Vocal duration, however, was longer when intruders familiar, dynamics. Hormonal measured via fecal glucocorticoid testosterone metabolites, increased response supporting predictions. Interaction effects showed that modulated duration latency unfavorable. These findings reveal distinct roles immediate prolonged Numeric engagement decisions, while related stress‐related changes vocal communication strategies. contributes understanding dynamics clarifying role competitive asymmetries social relationships Future work incorporating multimodal cues ecological variability will further elucidate adaptive significance these responses.

Language: Английский

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NEUROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 39 - 54

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs as a result of exposure to life-threatening traumatic event or situation involving violence. The main manifestations PTSD are obsessive re-experiencing the event, increased nervous arousal, avoidance stimuli related emotional and cognitive disorders that persist for long time. This mental is exhausting causes changes make it difficult sometimes impossible patients with function professionally socially. results in significant clinical burden high socioeconomic costs. Materials methods. authors have reviewed more than 100 scientific papers from world literature on problems diagnosis, symptoms, pathophysiological neurobiological mechanisms play an important role development can be used key elements choice treatment measures. Results. multifactorial disease, therefore, numerous factors involved its occurrence progression. immediate response activation neuroendocrine autonomic systems release adrenaline norepinephrine. involvement hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system subsequent secretion cortisol may trigger development. A link has been found between activity noradrenergic system, glucocorticoid exposure, impaired interaction neurons amygdala prefrontal cortex. In addition, glucocorticoids associated immune neuroinflammation. Inflammatory cytokines regulate modify functioning neurotransmitters such serotonin dopamine, which contributes onset progression symptoms. Conclusions. data large number studies allow us confirm following pathogenesis PTSD. These include vegetative regulation, dysfunction immunological regulatory inflammatory mechanisms, dysregulation monoaminergic transmission system. Further study pathogenetic pathways will better implementation strategy medical care

Language: Английский

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Slumber under pressure: REM sleep and stress response

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 102771 - 102771

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Information theory in vertebrate stress physiology

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(1), P. 8 - 17

Published: Nov. 5, 2021

Language: Английский

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Applying minimally invasive biomarkers of chronic stress across complex ecological contexts

American Journal of Human Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(11)

Published: Oct. 6, 2022

Chronic stress is both theoretically and methodologically challenging to operationalize through biomarkers. Yet minimally invasive, field-friendly biomarkers of chronic are valuable in research linking biology culture, seeking understand differential patterns human development across ecological contexts, exploring the evolution sociality. For biologists, a central question measurement interpretation how stress-responsive physiological systems regulated diverse ecologies. This article aims describe conditional toolkit for biologists interested study stress, highlighting mix longstanding novel biomarkers, with special focus on hair/fingernail cortisol, latent herpesvirus antibodies, allostatic load indices, serial/ambulatory data collection approaches. Future trends biomarker research, including epigenetic approaches, briefly considered. overview considers: (1) challenges separating distinctly psychosocial dimension from adversity more broadly; (2) essential characteristics ecology that shape interpretation; (3) retrospective vs. longitudinal sampling; (4) role age, developmental effects, local biologies; (5) different timescales chronicity; (6) culture.

Language: Английский

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ROS formation, mitochondrial potential and osmotic stability of the lamprey red blood cells: effect of adrenergic stimulation and hypoosmotic stress

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 50(4), P. 1341 - 1352

Published: April 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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Beliefs about burnout

Work & Stress, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 19

Published: June 11, 2024

Burnout has garnered considerable attention from occupational health specialists for nearly 50 years. In this paper, we discuss three beliefs about burnout that remain ill-supported despite their popularity among researchers and importance research. The are the following: (a) work-related factors prime predictors of burnout; (b) is a condition epidemic magnitude in contemporary society; (c) not depressive condition. As examine these widely held views, outline possible paths to clarification aid future We close our commentary by recommending be vigilant risk drawing premature conclusions burnout.

Language: Английский

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Effects of variations in daily cortisol pattern and long-term cortisol output on hippocampal subfield volumes in adult human brain.

Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. 100458 - 100458

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Animal models of adult chronic stress indicate that the cornu ammonis 1-3 (CA1-3) and dentate gyrus (DG) hippocampal subfields are most susceptible to cellular changes associated with prolonged psychogenic stressors glucocorticoid overexposure. However, no study reported date has examined associations between long-term cortisol output, stress, subfield volumes in healthy adults experiencing different levels stress. The main goal current was test whether higher output measured by hair concentration would be atrophy CA1-3 DG subfields. We short- (N = 40). High-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging datasets were acquired together diurnal salivary measures. Hair analyzed using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Higher smaller all anterior hippocampus both posterior hippocampus. found a larger increase morning level after awakening volumes, while decrease afternoon from volume observed not predicted individual or history childhood trauma. Our results suggest increased daily fluctuations can have negative impact on

Language: Английский

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Advanced capabilities for in vitro stress diagnostics: a review

Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 67 - 74

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

INTRODUCTION. The effects of stress negatively affect both physical and mental health. Recently, there has been a sharp increase in interest studying evidence-based methods for diagnosing effective interventions its correction. AIM. Comprehensive assessment modern possibilities objectification using laboratory diagnostics markers based on data from literary sources. MATERIALS AND METHODS. To select publications, we studied the PubMed, Web Science (Web Core Collection Medline), Cochrane Library databases, included meta-analyses review articles, full-text articles investigating relationship between biomarkers stress. search depth publications was 10 years, 2014 to 2024, number earlier, fundamental works neurophysiology were also review. RESULTS DISCUSSION. biological basis manifestations is growing area scientists, as evidenced by increasing cortisol dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) over past years. reflects view role diagnostics. Biomarkers such (the level surge after awakening, average during day, daily curve cortisol, hair), salivary alpha-amylase, DHEA, etc. are described, information their sensitivity specificity verification acute chronic conditions analyzed. CONCLUSION. Cortisol most reliable frequently used marker stress, while study other potential continues grow. Psychometric questionnaires functional diagnostic reflecting degree sympathetic activation widely integrated use various tools, including will provide multimodal approach, contribute more complete picture response conditions.

Language: Английский

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Circulating Epstein–Barr Virus Antibody Levels as a Biomarker of Socioecological Adversity in Amazonian Ecuador

American Journal of Human Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 37(5)

Published: May 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Objectives Circulating Epstein–Barr virus antibodies (EBV‐Ab) are used as a biomarker of chronic stress in high‐income settings, but their relevance environments with high burden infectious disease, nutritional constraints, and limited resources is less clear. We investigated EBV‐Ab adversity setting where local ecology economy may affect immune development differently than wealthy countries. Methods measured finger‐prick dried blood spots collected from Indigenous Shuar ( n = 433) non‐Indigenous Colonos 84) ranging < 1 to 87 years old Amazonian Ecuador. For subset adults (≥ 15 years, 210), we socioeconomic information (income, education, occupation) assessed household‐level market integration. determined the most important predictors for children using multi‐model averaging linear regression models. Results Male (< years) had lower female (model averaged β [SE]: −0.238 [0.066]). adults, higher 0.235 [0.113]), systolic pressure was an predictor elevated 0.088 [0.047]). Individuals who reported unpaid domestic work primary occupation agricultural workers 0.302 [0.113]). living houses more market‐sourced infrastructure −0.088 [0.068]). Conclusions capture context‐specific aspects socioecological Ecuador, highlighting disparities between Ecuadorians differences function related

Language: Английский

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