New insights from small rhythmic circuits

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 76, P. 102610 - 102610

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Small rhythmic circuits, such as those found in invertebrates, have provided fundamental insights into how circuit dynamics depend on individual neuronal and synaptic properties. Degenerate circuits are with different network parameters similar behavior. New work degenerate their modulation illustrates some of the rules that help maintain stable robust function despite environmental perturbations. Advances neuropeptide isolation identification provide enhanced understanding neuromodulation for The advent molecular studies mRNA expression provides new insight animal-to-animal variability homeostatic regulation excitability neurons networks.

Language: Английский

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Ocean acidification alters foraging behaviour in Dungeness crab through impairment of the olfactory pathway

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(14), P. 4126 - 4139

Published: May 9, 2023

Crustacean olfaction is fundamental to most aspects of living and communicating in aquatic environments more broadly, for individual- population-level success. Accelerated ocean acidification from elevated CO2 threatens the ability crabs detect respond important olfactory-related cues. Here, we demonstrate that ecologically economically Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister) exhibits reduced antennular flicking responses a food cue when exposed near-future levels, adding growing body evidence impaired behaviour. Underlying this altered behaviour, find have lower olfactory nerve sensitivities (twofold reduction activity) response . This suggests levels will impact threshold detection by crabs. We also show sensitivity accompanied decrease sensory neuron (OSN) expression principal chemosensory receptor protein, ionotropic 25a (IR25a) which odorant coding signalling cascades. The OSNs exhibit morphological changes form decreased surface areas their somata. study provides first effects high at multiple biological organization marine crabs, linking physiological cellular with whole animal behavioural responses.

Language: Английский

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Insights into Decapod Sentience: Applying the General Welfare Index (GWI) for Whiteleg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei—Boone, 1931) Reared in Aquaculture Grow-Out Ponds

Fishes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(11), P. 440 - 440

Published: Oct. 29, 2024

The rapid growth of shrimp farming, particularly Penaeus vannamei, accounts for about 80% the global production farmed and involves cultivation approximately 383 to 977 billion individuals annually, which highlights urgent need address ethical technical implications raising potentially sentient beings. This study builds on state-of-the-art assessment sentience, consciousness, stress, distress, nociception, pain perception, welfare adapt General Welfare Index (GWI) shrimp. GWI is a quantitative index developed by our research group measure degree in aquaculture, it has been previously applied grass carp tilapia. Using PRISMA methodology creation hypothetical farm, GWI, with 31 specific measurable indicators across various domains, adapted P. offering comprehensive framework. inclusion promises improve living conditions alignment legislation adopted decapods’ sentience contemporary scientific advances.

Language: Английский

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Decoding Neuropeptide Complexity: Advancing Neurobiological Insights from Invertebrates to Vertebrates through Evolutionary Perspectives

ACS Chemical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 22, 2025

Neuropeptides are vital signaling molecules involved in neural communication, hormonal regulation, and stress response across diverse taxa. Despite their critical roles, neuropeptide research remains challenging due to low abundance, complex post-translational modifications (PTMs), dynamic expression patterns. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based neuropeptidomics has revolutionized peptide identification quantification, enabling the high-throughput characterization of neuropeptides PTMs. However, complexity vertebrate networks poses significant challenges for functional studies. Invertebrate models, such as Cancer borealis, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, offer simplified circuits, well-characterized systems, experimental tools elucidating roles neuropeptides. These models have revealed conserved families, including allatostatins, RFamides, tachykinin-related peptides, whose homologues regulate analogous physiological functions. Recent advancements MS techniques, ion mobility MALDI imaging, further enhanced spatial temporal resolution analysis, allowing insights into systems. not only expands our understanding functions but also informs translational applications development peptide-based therapeutics. This review highlights utility invertebrate discovery, emphasizing contributions uncovering fundamental biological principles relevance

Language: Английский

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Neuromodulation Enables Temperature Robustness and Coupling Between Fast and Slow Oscillator Circuits

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 28, 2022

Acute temperature changes can disrupt neuronal activity and coordination with severe consequences for animal behavior survival. Nonetheless, two rhythmic circuits in the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) their are maintained across a broad range. However, it remains unclear how this robustness is achieved. Here, we dissociate effects on rhythm generating from those upstream ganglia. We demonstrate that heat-activated factors extrinsic to generators essential slow gastric mill rhythm's contribute response of fast pyloric rhythm. The crashed when its generator STG was heated. It restored ganglia were heated temperature-matched STG. This also increased peptidergic modulatory projection neuron (MCN1), which innervates circuit. Correspondingly, MCN1's neuropeptide transmitter stabilized over Extrinsic neuromodulation thus oscillatory enables neural maintain function temperature-compromised conditions. In contrast, integer coupling between rhythms independent whether inputs pattern or not, demonstrating enabled by properties intrinsic generators. at near-crash temperature, only some animals while absent others. true despite regular all animals, supporting degenerate circuit result idiosyncratic responses environmental challenges.

Language: Английский

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Neuropeptide Modulation Enables Biphasic Inter-network Coordination via a Dual-Network Neuron

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 20, 2024

Abstract Linked rhythmic behaviors, such as respiration/locomotion or swallowing/chewing often require coordination for proper function. Despite its prevalence, the cellular mechanisms controlling of underlying neural networks remain undetermined in most systems. We use stomatogastric nervous system crab Cancer borealis to investigate inter-network coordination, due small, well characterized feeding-related (gastric mill [chewing, ∼0.1 Hz]; pyloric [filtering food, ∼1 Hz]). Here, we between these during Gly 1 -SIFamide neuropeptide modulatory state. activates a unique triphasic gastric rhythm which typically pyloric-only LPG neuron generates dual pyloric- plus mill-timed oscillations. Additionally, exhibits shorter cycles rhythm-timed bursts, and longer IC, IC LG bursts. Photoinactivation revealed that is necessary shorten cycle period, likely through rectified electrical coupling pacemaker neurons. Hyperpolarizing current injections demonstrated although bursting enables only bursts are prolong period. Surprisingly, photoinactivation also eliminated prolonged cycles, without changing firing frequency burst duration, suggesting via synaptic inhibition LPG, indirectly slows pacemakers coupling. Thus, same dual-network directly conveys excitation from endogenous funnels enable one network alternately decrease increase period related network. Significance Statement Related behaviors frequently exhibit yet coordinating not determined investigated two well-characterized crustacean feeding-associated neuropeptide-elicited find fast/slow shortens fast slow, intrinsically generated pacemakers, despite rectification favoring opposite direction. another slow-network phase, chemical funneled synapse. reinforces diminishes actions, enabling distinct frequencies faster across different phases slower rhythm.

Language: Английский

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Comparative Transcriptome Reveals the Molecular Regulation Mechanism of Charybdis japonica to High- and Low-Temperature Stresses

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Feb. 17, 2022

Intertidal organisms are more sensitive to temperature stresses (whether high or low temperatures). As an intertidal crustacean, the optimal survival ranges of Charybdis japonica from 20 27°C. In this study, C. was selected as research species better explore molecular regulatory mechanisms crustaceans stresses. The transcriptomes exposed three gradients (12, 20, and 28°C) were sequenced. A total 69.22 Gb clean transcriptome reads obtained nine libraries then de novo assembled 52,972 unigenes with a mean length 1080.23 bp N50 1,775 bp. 20,121 successfully matched at least one protein database. structure predicted, 12,125 coding sequences 12,854 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) obtained. gene expression level 20°C used control, 548 90 significantly differentially expressed 28 12°C, respectively. 720 28°C compared 12°C. Gene Ontology (GO) Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG) annotation showed that genes related cell structure, metabolism, folding hormone synthesis might be involved in regulation stress . Our results reveal for first time response japonicas low- high- level. provide fundamental information revealing other crustaceans. Furthermore, present study enhances our understanding how fluctuations will affect marine

Language: Английский

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Neuronal Switching between Single- and Dual-Network Activity via Modulation of Intrinsic Membrane Properties

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(37), P. 7848 - 7863

Published: Aug. 4, 2021

Oscillatory networks underlie rhythmic behaviors (e.g., walking, chewing) and complex memory formation, decision-making). Flexibility of oscillatory includes neurons switching between single- dual-network participation, even generating oscillations at two distinct frequencies. Modulation synaptic strength can this neuronal switching. Here we ask whether into dual-frequency also result from modulation intrinsic properties. The isolated stomatogastric nervous system male Cancer borealis crabs contains well-characterized feeding-related (pyloric, ∼1 Hz; gastric mill, ∼0.1 Hz). identified modulatory projection neuron MCN5 causes the pyloric-only lateral posterior (LPG) to switch dual pyloric/gastric mill bursting. Bath applying neuropeptide transmitter Gly¹-SIFamide only partly mimics LPG activity because continued LP inhibition LPG. Here, find that uses a cotransmitter, glutamate, inhibit LP, unlike excitation LP. Thus, modeled MCN5-elicited with application photoinactivation. Using hyperpolarization pyloric pacemaker network neurons, found pyloric-timed require electrical input. However, mill-timed do not any input are voltage-dependent. identify properties as an additional mechanism for activity. Instead second passive follower, could enable become active contributor rhythm generation in network. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuromodulation when oscillate We used small, determine strength, switching, is necessary recruitment. demonstrate required linkage "home" network, whereas enables generate frequency. Neuromodulator-induced switches participation occur motor, cognitive, sensory networks. Our study highlights importance considering pivotal target enabling parallel

Language: Английский

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Multiple intrinsic membrane properties are modulated in a switch from single- to dual-network activity

Journal of Neurophysiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 128(5), P. 1181 - 1198

Published: Oct. 5, 2022

Neural network flexibility includes changes in neuronal participation between networks, such as the switching of neurons single- and dual-network activity. We previously identified a neuron that is recruited to burst time with an additional via modulation its intrinsic membrane properties, instead being synaptically into second network. However, modulated properties were not determined. Here, we use small networks Jonah crab (Cancer borealis) stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) examine underlying neuropeptide (Gly1-SIFamide)-elicited switching. The lateral posterior gastric (LPG) switches from exclusive fast pyloric (∼1 Hz) network, due electrical coupling, activity periodic escapes rhythm intrinsically generated oscillations at slower mill frequency (∼0.1 Hz). isolated LPG both by pharmacology hyperpolarizing current injection. Gly1-SIFamide increased excitability rebound inhibition decreased spike adaptation, which can all contribute bursting. Using ion substitution channel blockers, found hyperpolarization-activated current, persistent sodium calcium or calcium-related current(s) appear be primary contributors Gly1-SIFamide-elicited this bursting was more sensitive blocking currents when received rhythmic coupling input than condition. Overall, switch involve multiple while synaptic shape contributions these properties.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Neuropeptide-elicited recently determined participation. Here state candidate channels Bursting their home Thus,

Language: Английский

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Neurobiology and changing ecosystems: Toward understanding the impact of anthropogenic influences on neurons and circuits

Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Nov. 30, 2022

Rapid anthropogenic environmental changes, including those due to habitat contamination, degradation, and climate change, have far-reaching effects on biological systems that may outpace animals’ adaptive responses. Neurobiological mediate interactions between animals their environments evolved over millions of years detect respond change. To gain an understanding the capacity nervous given unprecedented pace mechanisms physiology behavior at cellular biophysical level must be examined. While behavioral changes resulting from activity are becoming increasingly described, identification examination cellular, molecular, circuit-level processes underlying profoundly underexplored. Hence, field neuroscience lacks predictive frameworks describe which neurobiological resilient or vulnerable rapidly changing ecosystems, what modes adaptation represented in our natural world. In this review, we highlight examples animal modification corresponding system response rapid The component these behaviors not known emphasize unmet need for rigorous scientific enquiry into neurobiology ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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