Early Estimates of Updated 2023–2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection Attributable to Co-Circulating Omicron Variants Among Immunocompetent Adults — Increasing Community Access to Testing Program, United States, September 2023–January 2024

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 73(4), P. 77 - 83

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

On September 12, 2023, CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended updated 2023-2024 (updated) COVID-19 vaccination with a monovalent XBB.1.5-derived vaccine for all persons aged ≥6 months to prevent COVID-19, including severe disease. During fall XBB lineages co-circulated JN.1, an Omicron BA.2.86 lineage that emerged in 2023. These variants have amino acid substitutions might increase escape from neutralizing antibodies. predominated through December when JN.1 became predominant the United States. Reduction or failure of spike gene (S-gene) amplification (i.e., S-gene target [SGTF]) real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing is time-dependent, proxy indicator infection. Data Increasing Community Access Testing SARS-CoV-2 pharmacy program were analyzed estimate effectiveness (VE) receipt versus no vaccination) against symptomatic infection, by SGTF result. Among 9,222 total eligible tests, overall VE among adults ≥18 years was 54% (95% CI = 46%-60%) at median 52 days after vaccination. 2,199 tests performed laboratory testing, 60-119 49% 19%-68%) exhibiting and 60% 35%-75%) without SGTF. Updated vaccines provide protection currently circulating lineages. CDC will continue monitoring VE, expected waning All should receive dose.

Language: Английский

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Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence and Incidence of Primary SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Blood Donors, by COVID-19 Vaccination Status — United States, April 2021–September 2022

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 72(22), P. 601 - 605

Published: June 1, 2023

Changes in testing behaviors and reporting requirements have hampered the ability to estimate U.S. SARS-CoV-2 incidence (1). Hybrid immunity (immunity derived from both previous infection vaccination) has been reported provide better protection than that or vaccination alone (2). To of prevalence infection- vaccination-induced antibodies (or both), data a nationwide, longitudinal cohort blood donors were analyzed. During second quarter 2021 (April-June), an estimated 68.4% persons aged ≥16 years had antibodies, including 47.5% alone, 12.0% 8.9% both. By third 2022 (July-September), 96.4% vaccination, 22.6% 26.1% alone; 47.7% hybrid immunity. Prevalence was lowest among ≥65 (36.9%), group with highest risk for severe disease if infected, those 16-29 (59.6%). Low infection-induced older adults reflects success public health prevention efforts while also highlighting importance staying up date recommended COVID-19 at least 1 bivalent dose.*,†.

Language: Английский

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Severity and outcomes of Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 compared to Delta variant and severity of Omicron sublineages: a systematic review and metanalysis

BMJ Global Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(7), P. e012328 - e012328

Published: July 1, 2023

Objectives To compare severity and clinical outcomes from Omicron as compared with the Delta variant to between sublineages. Methods We searched WHO COVID-19 Research database for studies that patients variant, separately sublineages BA.1 BA.2. A random-effects meta-analysis was used pool estimates of relative risk (RR) variants Heterogeneity assessed using I 2 index. Risk bias tool developed by Clinical Advances through Information Translation team. Results Our search identified 1494 42 met inclusion criteria. Eleven were published preprints. Of studies, 29 adjusted vaccination status; 12 had no adjustment; 1, adjustment unclear. Three included versus As Delta, individuals infected 61% lower death (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.33 0.46) 56% hospitalisation 0.44, 0.34 0.56). similarly associated intensive care unit (ICU) admission, oxygen therapy, non-invasive invasive ventilation. The pooled ratio outcome when comparing BA.2 0.55 (95% 0.23 1.30). Discussion hospitalisation, ICU ventilation Delta. There difference in PROSPERO registration number CRD42022310880.

Language: Английский

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Mucosal vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: triumph of hope over experience

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 92, P. 104585 - 104585

Published: May 3, 2023

Currently approved COVID-19 vaccines administered parenterally induce robust systemic humoral and cellular responses. While highly effective against severe disease, there is reduced effectiveness of these in preventing breakthrough infection and/or onward transmission, likely due to poor immunity elicited at the respiratory mucosa. As such, has been considerable interest developing novel mucosal that engenders more localised immune responses provide better protection recall site virus entry, contrast traditional vaccine approaches focus on immunity. In this review, we explore adaptive components immunity, evaluate epidemiological studies dissect if conferred by parenteral vaccination or drives differential efficacy acquisition discuss undergoing clinical trials assess key challenges prospects for development.

Language: Английский

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Impact of National Omicron Outbreak at the end of 2022 on the future outlook of COVID-19 in China

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: March 15, 2023

Language: Английский

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mRNA-1273 bivalent (original and Omicron) COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 outcomes in the United States

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 20, 2023

The bivalent (original and Omicron BA.4/BA.5) mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine was authorized to offer broader protection against COVID-19. We conducted a matched cohort study evaluate the effectiveness of in preventing hospitalization for (primary outcome) medically attended SARS-CoV-2 infection hospital death (secondary outcomes). Compared individuals who did not receive mRNA vaccination but received ≥2 doses any monovalent vaccine, relative (rVE) 70.3% (95% confidence interval, 64.0%-75.4%). rVE consistent across subgroups modified by time since last dose or number received. Protection durable ≥3 months after booster. requiring emergency department/urgent care 55.0% (50.8%-58.8%) 82.7% (63.7%-91.7%), respectively. booster provides additional COVID-19, infection, death.

Language: Английский

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2023/24 mid-season influenza and Omicron XBB.1.5 vaccine effectiveness estimates from the Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (SPSN)

Eurosurveillance, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(7)

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

The Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network reports mid-season 2023/24 influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 63% (95% CI: 51–72) against A(H1N1)pdm09, lower for clade 5a.2a.1 (56%; 95% 33–71) than 5a.2a (67%; 48–80), and lowest A(H3N2) (40%; 5–61). Omicron XBB.1.5 protected comparably well, with VE 47% 21–65) medically attended COVID-19, higher among people reporting a prior confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at 67% 28–85).

Language: Английский

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Estimated number of lives directly saved by COVID-19 vaccination programmes in the WHO European Region from December, 2020, to March, 2023: a retrospective surveillance study

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 714 - 727

Published: Aug. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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Memory T cells effectively recognize the SARS-CoV-2 hypermutated BA.2.86 variant

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(2), P. 156 - 161.e3

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

T cells are critical in mediating the early control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infection. However, it remains unknown whether memory can effectively cross-recognize new SARS-CoV-2 variants with a broad array mutations, such as emergent hypermutated BA.2.86 variant. Here, we report two separate cohorts, including healthy controls and individuals chronic lymphocytic leukemia, that spike-specific CD4

Language: Английский

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Ambient carbon dioxide concentration correlates with SARS-CoV-2 aerostability and infection risk

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 25, 2024

Abstract An improved understanding of the underlying physicochemical properties respiratory aerosol that influence viral infectivity may open new avenues to mitigate transmission diseases such as COVID-19. Previous studies have shown an increase in pH aerosols following generation due changes gas-particle partitioning buffering bicarbonate ions and carbon dioxide is a significant factor reducing SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. We show here aerostability results from moderate atmospheric concentration (e.g. 800 ppm), effect more marked than observed for relative humidity. model likelihood COVID-19 on ambient CO 2 , concluding even this overall risk. These observations confirm critical importance ventilation maintaining low concentrations indoor environments mitigating disease transmission. Moreover, correlation increased with need be better understood when considering consequences increases levels our atmosphere.

Language: Английский

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