Clinical outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant and BA.1/BA.1.1 or BA.2 subvariant infection in Southern California

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(9), P. 1933 - 1943

Published: June 8, 2022

Language: Английский

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Global emerging Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: Impacts, challenges and strategies

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 4 - 14

Published: Nov. 19, 2022

Newly emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are continuously posing high global public health concerns and panic resulting in waves disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Depending on the extent genomic variations, mutations adaptation, few gain ability to spread quickly across many countries, acquire higher virulency cause disease, morbidity mortality. These have been implicated lessening efficacy current COVID-19 vaccines immunotherapies break-through viral infections vaccinated individuals recovered patients. Altogether, these could hinder protective herd immunity be achieved through ongoing progressive vaccination. Currently, only variant interest SARS-CoV-2 is Omicron that was first identified South Africa. In this review, we present overview with a special focus variant, its lineages hybrid variants. We discuss hypotheses origin, genetic change underlying molecular mechanism behind transmissibility immune escape variant. Major related including available immunotherapeutics vaccines, transmissibility, severity, mortality discussed. last part, challenges strategies counter amid pandemic presented.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 vaccine update: vaccine effectiveness, SARS-CoV-2 variants, boosters, adverse effects, and immune correlates of protection

Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(1)

Published: Oct. 15, 2022

Abstract Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been the most severe public health challenge in this century. Two years after its emergence, rapid development and deployment of effective COVID-19 vaccines have successfully controlled pandemic greatly reduced risk illness death associated with COVID-19. However, due to ability rapidly evolve, SARS-CoV-2 virus may never be eradicated, there are many important new topics work on if we need live for a long time. To end, hope provide essential knowledge researchers who improvement future vaccines. In review, provided an up-to-date summary current vaccines, discussed biological basis clinical impact variants subvariants, analyzed effectiveness various vaccine booster regimens against different strains. Additionally, reviewed potential mechanisms vaccine-induced adverse events, summarized studies regarding immune correlates protection, finally, next-generation

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron and Delta hospitalisation, a test negative case-control study

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Sept. 30, 2022

The Omicron variant has been associated with reduced vaccine effectiveness (VE) against mild disease rapid waning. Meanwhile also milder disease. Protection severe substantially higher than protection infection previous variants. We used a test-negative case-control design to estimate VE hospitalisation the and Delta variants using PCR testing linked hospital records. investigated impact of increasing specificity severity definitions on VE. Among 18-64-year-olds cases admitted via emergency care, after 3rd dose peaked at 82.4% dropped 53.6% by 15+ weeks dose; all admissions for > = 2 days stay respiratory code in primary diagnostic field ranged from 90.9% 67.4%; further restricting those oxygen/ventilated/intensive care 97.1% 75.9%. 65+ year olds equivalent estimates were 92.4% 76.9%; 91.3% 85.3% 95.8% 86.8%. Here we show that contamination hospitalisations incidental is likely reduce estimates. increase, waning reduced, when specific are used.

Language: Английский

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Shedding of Infectious SARS-CoV-2 Despite Vaccination

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 31, 2021

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant of Concern is highly transmissible and contains mutations that confer partial immune escape. emergence in North America caused the first surge COVID-19 cases after vaccines became widely available. To determine whether individuals infected despite vaccination might be capable transmitting SARS-CoV-2, we compared RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) data from 20,431 test-positive anterior nasal swab specimens fully vaccinated (n = 9,347) or unvaccinated (n=11,084) tested at a single commercial laboratory during interval 28 June – 1 December 2021 when variants were predominant. We observed no significant effect vaccine status alone on Ct value, nor controlling for product sex. Testing subset low-Ct (<25) samples, detected infectious virus similar rates, titers, individuals. These indicate with are shedding could play role spreading COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Bivalent Omicron BA.1–Adapted BNT162b2 Booster in Adults Older than 55 Years

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 388(3), P. 214 - 227

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

The emergence of immune-escape variants severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 warrants the use sequence-adapted vaccines to provide protection against disease 2019.

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

Studies have reported reduced natural SARS-CoV-2 infection- and vaccine-induced neutralization against omicron BA.4/BA.5 compared with earlier subvariants. This test-negative case-control study evaluates mRNA-1273 vaccine effectiveness (VE) infection hospitalization The includes 30,809 positive 92,427 negative individuals aged ≥18 years tested during 1/1/2022-6/30/2022. While 3-dose VE BA.1 is high wanes slowly, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, BA.5 initially moderate to (61.0%-90.6% 14-30 days post third dose) rapidly. 4-dose BA.4 ranges between 64.3%-75.7%, low (30.8%) fourth dose, disappearing beyond 90 for all BA.1, 97.5%, 82.0%, 72.4%, respectively; 88.5%. Evaluation of the updated bivalent booster warranted.

Language: Английский

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Predicting vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 over time and against variants: a meta-analysis

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 24, 2023

Abstract Vaccine protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to be strongly correlated with neutralising antibody titres; however, this not yet demonstrated for severe COVID-19. To explore whether relationship also holds COVID-19, we performed a systematic search studies reporting on against different clinical endpoints and extracted data 15 studies. Since matched titres were available, used the vaccine regimen, time since vaccination variant of concern predict corresponding titres. We then compared observed effectiveness reported in these predicted by previously published model between titre find that are (Spearman $$\rho$$ ρ = 0.95, p < 0.001) 0.72, 0.001 both) COVID-19 loss antibodies over new variants predictive

Language: Английский

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Clinical outcomes associated with Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant and BA.1/BA.1.1 or BA.2 subvariant infection in southern California

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

The Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of SARS-CoV-2 rapidly achieved global dissemination following its emergence in southern Africa November, 2021. 1,2 Epidemiologic surveillance has revealed changes COVID-19 case-to-hospitalization and case-to-mortality ratios emergence, 3–6 although interpretation these presents challenges due to differential protection against or Delta (B.1.617.2) infections associated with prior vaccine-derived naturally-acquired immunity, as well longer-term testing healthcare practices. 7 Here we report clinical outcomes among 222,688 cases 23,305 time-matched within the Kaiser Permanente Southern California system, who were followed longitudinally positive outpatient tests between 15 December, 2021 17 January, 2022, when almost exclusively BA.1 sublineages. Adjusted hazard progression any hospital admission, symptomatic intensive care unit mechanical ventilation, death 0.59 (95% confidence interval: 0.51-0.69), (0.51-0.68), 0.50 (0.29-0.87), 0.36 (0.18-0.72), 0.21 (0.10-0.44) respectively, for versus infections. In contrast, 14,661 ascertained by 3 February March, infection BA.2 BA.1/BA.1.1 subvariants did not show evidence risk severe outcomes. Lower merits consideration planning capacity needs amid establishment dominant circulating lineage globally, should inform both case- hospital-based data.

Language: Английский

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Shedding of infectious SARS-CoV-2 despite vaccination

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(9), P. e1010876 - e1010876

Published: Sept. 30, 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant of Concern is highly transmissible and contains mutations that confer partial immune escape. emergence in North America caused the first surge COVID-19 cases after vaccines became widely available. To determine whether individuals infected despite vaccination might be capable transmitting SARS-CoV-2, we compared RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) data from 20,431 test-positive anterior nasal swab specimens fully vaccinated (n = 9,347) or unvaccinated 11,084) tested at a single commercial laboratory during interval 28 June- 1 December 2021 when variants were predominant. We observed no significant effect vaccine status alone on Ct value, nor controlling for product sex. Testing subset low-Ct (<25) samples, detected infectious virus similar rates, titers, individuals. These indicate with are shedding could play role spreading COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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