International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 142, P. 106986 - 106986
Published: Feb. 26, 2024
The COVID-19 pandemic required rapid development of vaccines within a short period time which did not allow to assess vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the long-term.
Language: Английский
MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 72(5), P. 113 - 118
Published: Feb. 2, 2023
After the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019, transmission expanded globally, and on January 30, 2020, COVID-19 was declared a public health emergency international concern.* Analysis early Wuhan, China outbreak (1), subsequently confirmed by multiple other studies (2,3), found that 80% deaths occurred among persons aged ≥60 years. In anticipation time needed for global vaccine supply to meet all needs, World Health Organization (WHO) published Strategic Advisory Group Experts Immunization (SAGE) Values Framework roadmap prioritizing use vaccines 2020 (4,5), followed strategy brief outline urgent actions October 2021.† WHO described general principles, objectives, priorities support country planning rollout minimize severe disease death. A July 2022 update brief§ prioritized vaccination populations at increased risk, including older adults,¶ with goal 100% coverage complete series** at-risk populations. Using available data mortality (reported model estimates) 2021 most recent reported from WHO, investigators performed descriptive analyses examine age-specific adults (as defined each country), stratified Bank income status. Data quality death reporting frequency varied source; however, years accounted >80% overall across groups, upper- lower-middle-income countries accounting estimated excess mortality. Effective were authorized December scaled up sufficiently needs (6). are safe highly effective reducing COVID-19, hospitalizations, (7,8); nevertheless, country-reported median completed primary series only reached 76% end 2022, substantially below goal, especially middle- low-income countries. Increased efforts increase booster dose as recommended national authorities.
Language: Английский
Citations
77
The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(7), P. 816 - 827
Published: March 10, 2023
Language: Английский
Citations
75
BMJ, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e075286 - e075286
Published: July 25, 2023
Abstract Objective To estimate the effectiveness of bivalent mRNA booster vaccines containing original SARS-CoV-2 and omicron BA.4-5 or BA.1 subvariants as fourth dose against severe covid-19. Design Nationwide cohort analyses, using target trial emulation. Setting Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, from 1 July 2022 to 10 April 2023. Participants People aged ≥50 years who had received at least three doses covid-19 vaccine (that is, a primary course first booster). Main outcome measures The Kaplan-Meier estimator was used compare risk hospital admission death related in people Comirnaty (Pfizer-BioNTech) Spikevax (Moderna) (second booster) with (first vaccinated between four people. Results A total 634 199 receiving 042 124 across Nordic countries were included. Receipt associated comparative 67.8% (95% confidence interval 63.1% 72.5%) difference –91.9 –152.4 –31.4) per 100 000 months follow-up compared having (289 v 893 events). corresponding for boosters (332 977 events) 65.8% (59.1% 72.4%) –112.9 (–179.6 –46.2) 000, respectively. Comparative 69.8% (52.8% 86.8%) –34.1 (–40.1 –28.2) (93 325 70.0% (50.3% 89.7%) –38.7 (–65.4 –12.0) (86 286) dose. Comparing directly resulted month –14.9% (–62.3% 32.4%) 10.0 (–14.4 34.4) (802 932 unweighted –40.7% (–123.4% 42.1%) 8.1 (–3.3 19.4) (229 243 did not differ sex age (</≥70 years) seemed be sustained up six day vaccination modest waning. Conclusion Vaccination reduced rates among adults years. protection afforded by significantly when compared, any potential would most likely very small absolute numbers.
Language: Английский
Citations
67
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1)
Published: Jan. 2, 2023
COVID-19, a respiratory infectious disease, occurs due to Severe acute syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Millions of individuals around the world have been impacted by illness, which has gravely threatened human health. The development and active involvement varied vaccines against COVID-19 played great relieving role in controlling life-threatening disease. Both conventional advanced vaccine platforms are available now develop COVID-19. Therefore, present systematic review focuses on global landscape their current status. Among vaccines, virus like particles (VLPs), subunit DNA, RNA-based viral vector-based inactivated live-attenuated major contenders currently various phase clinical trials. Protein subunit, non-replicating used majorly. Nevertheless, utilized clinically world. trials revealed that most local or systemic effects after vaccination efficacy SARS-CoV-2 its variants. However, further studies necessary refine technology minimize adverse improve safety efficacy.Abbreviations COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2: coronavirus-2; VLPs: Virus particles; WHO: World Health Organization; E: Envelope; M: Membrane; S: Spike; N: Nucleocapsid; PRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses; FDA: Food Drug Administration; LNP: lipid-nanoparticle; AZD1222: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19; BNT162b2: Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine; mRNA-1273: Moderna Ad26.COV2.S: Johnson – Janssen’s Gam-COVID-Vac: Sputnik Vaccine; NVX-CoV2373: Novavax with Matrix-M™ adjuvant.
Language: Английский
Citations
53
Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(9), P. 2325 - 2333
Published: Aug. 31, 2023
This ongoing, open-label, phase 2/3 trial compared the safety and immunogenicity of Omicron BA.4/BA.5-containing bivalent mRNA-1273.222 vaccine with ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 mRNA-1273 as booster doses. Two groups adults who previously received primary vaccination series doses were enrolled in a sequential, nonrandomized manner single-second boosters (n = 376) or 511). Primary objectives noninferiority superiority neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses against BA.4/BA.5 SARS-CoV-2 D614G mutation (ancestral (D614G)), 28 days post boost. Superiority based on prespecified success criteria (lower bounds 95% CI > 1 < 0.677, respectively) mRNA-1273.222:mRNA-1273 geometric mean ratios. Bivalent elicited superior nAb versus noninferior (D614G) at day 29 boost participants without detectable prior infection. Day seroresponses higher for than similar (D614G), both meeting criterion. The profile was to that reported no new concerns identified. Continued monitoring neutralization real-world effectiveness are needed additional divergent-virus variants emerge. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04927065.
Language: Английский
Citations
50
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 230(2), P. e279 - e286
Published: Feb. 13, 2024
Monovalent Omicron XBB.1.5-containing vaccines were approved for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) 2023-2024 immunizations.
Language: Английский
Citations
49
Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)
Published: Sept. 20, 2023
The bivalent (original and Omicron BA.4/BA.5) mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine was authorized to offer broader protection against COVID-19. We conducted a matched cohort study evaluate the effectiveness of in preventing hospitalization for (primary outcome) medically attended SARS-CoV-2 infection hospital death (secondary outcomes). Compared individuals who did not receive mRNA vaccination but received ≥2 doses any monovalent vaccine, relative (rVE) 70.3% (95% confidence interval, 64.0%-75.4%). rVE consistent across subgroups modified by time since last dose or number received. Protection durable ≥3 months after booster. requiring emergency department/urgent care 55.0% (50.8%-58.8%) 82.7% (63.7%-91.7%), respectively. booster provides additional COVID-19, infection, death.
Language: Английский
Citations
45
Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Feb. 5, 2025
Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly evolved over short timescales, leading to the emergence of more transmissible variants such as Alpha and Delta 1–3 . arrival Omicron variant marked a major shift, introducing numerous extra mutations in spike gene compared with earlier 1,2 These evolutionary changes have raised concerns regarding their potential impact on immune evasion, disease severity effectiveness vaccines treatments 1,3 In this epidemiological study, we identified two distinct patterns protective effect natural infection against reinfection versus pre-Omicron eras. Before Omicron, provided strong durable protection reinfection, minimal waning time. However, during era, was robust only for those recently infected, declining time diminishing within year. results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 is shaped by dynamic interaction between host immunity viral evolution, contrasting before after Omicron’s first wave. This shift suggests change pressures, intrinsic transmissibility driving adaptation escape becoming dominant post-Omicron, underscoring need periodic vaccine updates sustain immunity.
Language: Английский
Citations
7
Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)
Published: July 28, 2023
Although the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emergency status is easing, COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect healthcare systems globally. It crucial have a reliable and population-wide prediction tool for estimating COVID-19-induced hospital admissions. We evaluated feasibility of using wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) predict weekly new hospitalizations in 159 counties across 45 states United States America (USA), covering population nearly 100 million. Using county-level wastewater surveillance data (over 20 months), WBE-based models were established through random forest algorithm. accurately predicted admissions, allowing preparation window 1-4 weeks. In real applications, periodically updated showed good accuracy transferability, with mean absolute error within 4-6 patients/100k upcoming hospitalization numbers. Our study demonstrated potential WBE as an effective method provide early warnings systems.
Language: Английский
Citations
41
Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)
Published: March 7, 2023
Abstract We estimated the effectiveness of booster doses monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron-associated severe outcomes among adults in Ontario, Canada. used a test-negative design to estimate vaccine (VE) hospitalization or death SARS-CoV-2-tested aged ≥50 years from January 2 October 1, 2022, stratified by age and time since vaccination. also compared VE during BA.1/BA.2 BA.4/BA.5 sublineage predominance. included 11,160 cases 62,880 tests for controls. Depending on group, unvaccinated adults, was 91–98% 7–59 days after third dose, waned 76–87% ≥240 days, restored 92–97% fourth 86–89% ≥120 days. lower declined faster versus predominance, particularly Here we show that strong protection at least 3 months Across entire study period, slightly over time, but more
Language: Английский
Citations
39