Re‐examining the widespread policy of stopping sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors during acute illness: A perspective based on the updated evidence DOI
Kamlesh Khunti, Vanita R. Aroda, Deepak L. Bhatt

et al.

Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 2071 - 2080

Published: July 8, 2022

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are now seen as an integral part of therapy in type 2 diabetes to control not only blood glucose but improve cardiovascular and kidney outcomes. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is uncommon serious complication diabetes, which has a high case fatality rate. The absolute risk DKA large, prospective randomized clinical trials people with using SGLT2 been low, although the relative higher those assigned compared placebo. In without prescribed for heart failure or chronic disease, similar Over course COVID-19 pandemic, cases have also reported hospitalizations. Consensus guidelines recommended that should be avoided illness suggest they routine in-hospital use. However, recent data potential beneficial effects setting acute no increase adverse events low rates DKA, were non-severe. Given outcome hospitalized patients being re-initiated following discharge their benefits, we believe practice 'sick day' guidance re-examined based on current evidence call further research this area. Furthermore, high-quality initiation admitted hospital disease continuation people, careful monitoring conducted. These supplemented large observational studies.

Language: Английский

Risks and burdens of incident diabetes in long COVID: a cohort study DOI
Yan Xie, Ziyad Al‐Aly

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. 311 - 321

Published: March 21, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

478
The crucial role and mechanism of insulin resistance in metabolic disease DOI Creative Commons
Xuefei Zhao, Xuedong An,

Cunqing Yang

et al.

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 28, 2023

Insulin resistance (IR) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of metabolism-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, tumors, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, provides basis for common understanding these chronic diseases. In this study, we provide systematic review causes, mechanisms, treatments IR. The pathogenesis IR depends on genetics, obesity, age, drug effects. Mechanistically, any factor leading to abnormalities insulin signaling pathway leads host, including receptor abnormalities, disturbances internal environment (regarding inflammation, hypoxia, lipotoxicity, immunity), metabolic function organelles, other abnormalities. available therapeutic strategies are mainly exercise dietary habit improvement, chemotherapy based biguanides glucagon-like peptide-1, traditional Chinese medicine (e.g., herbs acupuncture) can also be helpful. Based current there still some vacancies follow up consider, is need define more precise biomarkers different lifestyle interventions, explore natural or synthetic drugs targeting treatment. This could enable treatment patients with multiple combined diseases, aim treating disease holistically reduce healthcare expenditures improve quality life extent.

Language: Английский

Citations

233
Diabetes mellitus, the fastest growing global public health concern: Early detection should be focused DOI Creative Commons
Md. Jamal Hossain, Md. Al‐Mamun, Md. Rabiul Islam

et al.

Health Science Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Background and Aims Diabetes is recognized as a significant factor in both mortality morbidity worldwide, affecting various demographics regardless of geographic location, age group, or gender. This correspondence aims to express concern draw the attention leaders policymakers worldwide this critical public health issue. Methods A thorough literature search was conducted utilizing databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, International Federation (IDF) website, collect required data. Keywords were strategically applied enhance results, with preference given English‐language articles containing pertinent information. Results According 2021 report by IDF, approximately 537 million individuals globally affected diabetes, constituting roughly 10.5% world's populace. condition incurred healthcare expenditures totaling $966 billion. Projections indicate surge diabetes cases 783 2045, associated costs estimated surpass $1054 However, almost half all people are unaware their medical condition, highest prevalence undiagnosed Mellitus (DM) found low middle‐income countries (LMICs) regions Africa, Western Pacific, Southeast Asia. Conclusion Collaborating World Health Organization (WHO), LMIC governments should improve accessibility, more frequent screenings for aged ≥ 45 years younger at elevated risk having family history.

Language: Английский

Citations

186
The K18-Human ACE2 Transgenic Mouse Model Recapitulates Non-severe and Severe COVID-19 in Response to an Infectious Dose of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus DOI
Wenjuan Dong, Heather Mead, Lei Tian

et al.

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 96(1)

Published: Oct. 20, 2021

A comprehensive analysis and characterization of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection model that mimics non-severe disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans is warranted for understating the virus developing preventive therapeutic agents. Here, we characterized K18-hACE2 mouse expressing human (h)ACE2 mice, controlled by keratin 18 (K18) promoter, epithelia, including airway epithelial cells where SARS-CoV-2 infections typically start. We found intranasal inoculation with higher viral doses (2 × 103 104 PFU) caused lethality all mice damage various organs, lung, liver, kidney, while lower 101 102 led to less tissue some recovered from infection. In this hACE2 model, damaged multiple tissues, dose-dependent effect most tissues. Similar was observed postmortem samples COVID-19 patients. Finally, low dose survived rechallenge high virus. Compared other existing models, seems be sensitive reported date. Our work expands information available about include infectious tissues comparison conclusion, recapitulates both being can provide insight into progression efficacy therapeutics preventing or treating COVID-19. IMPORTANCE The pandemic has reached nearly 240 million cases, 5 deaths worldwide as October 2021, raised an urgent need development novel drugs prevent spread pathogenesis (SARS-CoV-2). To achieve goal, animal features progress greatly needed. study, have comprehensively using transgenic mice. infected study survival response different patterns. Moreover, compared patients show could useful tool antiviral therapeutics.

Language: Английский

Citations

142
Metformin in aging and aging-related diseases: clinical applications and relevant mechanisms DOI Creative Commons
Sheng Chen, Donghao Gan, Sixiong Lin

et al.

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 2722 - 2740

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Aging is a natural process, which plays critical role in the pathogenesis of variety diseases, i.e., aging-related such as diabetes, osteoarthritis, Alzheimer disease, cardiovascular cancers, obesity and other metabolic abnormalities.Metformin, most widely used antidiabetic drug, has been reported to delay aging display protective effect on attenuating progression various diseases by impacting key hallmark events aging, including dysregulated nutrient sensing, loss proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered intercellular communication, telomere attrition, genomic instability, epigenetic alterations, stem cell exhaustion cellular senescence.In this review, we provide updated information knowledge applications metformin prevention treatment diseases.We focus our discussions roles underlying mechanisms modulating treating diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

119
Sexual dimorphism in COVID-19: potential clinical and public health implications DOI Open Access
Nicole Bechmann,

Andreas Barthel,

Andreas Schedl

et al.

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 221 - 230

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

106
The Lactate and the Lactate Dehydrogenase in Inflammatory Diseases and Major Risk Factors in COVID-19 Patients DOI Open Access
G. S. Gupta

Inflammation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 45(6), P. 2091 - 2123

Published: May 19, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

89
Diabetes and the COVID-19 pandemic DOI Creative Commons
Kamlesh Khunti, Jonathan Valabhji, Shivani Misra

et al.

Diabetologia, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 66(2), P. 255 - 266

Published: Nov. 23, 2022

Abstract Almost immediately after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus emerged, it was evident that people with chronic diseases, including diabetes, were disproportionately affected, an increased risk of hospitalisation and mortality. Over ensuing years, indirect effects pandemic on healthcare delivery in short term have become prominent, along lingering those directly infected. In wake without any evidence from high quality studies, a number national international consensus recommendations published, which subsequently rapidly updated based observational studies. There been unprecedented disruptions both direct impacts disease-2019 (COVID-19) diabetes. this review, we summarise impact COVID-19 discuss how presentation epidemiology during pandemic, diabetic ketoacidosis new-onset has changed, consider wider patients service delivery, some areas uncertainty. Finally, make prioritising as move into recovery phase also protect diabetes for future, is likely to endemic. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

Citations

80
Bidirectional causal associations between type 2 diabetes and COVID‐19 DOI
Hongbao Cao, Ancha Baranova,

Xuejuan Wei

et al.

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 95(1)

Published: Aug. 27, 2022

Abstract Observational studies have reported high comorbidity between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and severe COVID‐19. However, the causality T2D COVID‐19 has yet to be validated. We performed genetic correlation Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses assess relationships potential causal associations three outcomes (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS‐CoV‐2] infection, hospitalization, critical COVID‐19). Molecular pathways connecting SARS‐CoV‐2 were reconstructed extract insights into mechanisms underlying connection. identified a overlap each outcome (genetic correlations 0.21–0.28). The MR indicated that liability confers effect on hospitalized (odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.12) (1.09, 1.03–1.16), while infection exerts (1.25, 1.00–1.56). There was suggestive evidence associated with an increased risk for (1.02, 1.00–1.03), (1.06, 1.00–1.13) 0.99–1.19) T2D. Pathway analysis panel of immunity‐related genes may mediate links at molecular level. Our study provides robust support bidirectional contribute amplifying severity COVID‐19, increase

Language: Английский

Citations

72
Obesity and its comorbidities, current treatment options and future perspectives: Challenging bariatric surgery? DOI Creative Commons

Simon Kloock,

Christian G. Ziegler,

Ulrich Dischinger

et al.

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 251, P. 108549 - 108549

Published: Oct. 23, 2023

Obesity and its comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, heart failure non-alcoholic liver disease are a major health economic burden with steadily increasing numbers worldwide. The need for effective pharmacological treatment options is strong, but, until recently, only few drugs have proven sufficient efficacy safety. This article provides comprehensive overview of obesity special focus on organ-specific pathomechanisms. Bariatric surgery as the so far most-effective therapeutic strategy, current future strategies will be discussed. An knowledge about gut-brain axis especially identification physiology incretins unfolds high number potential drug candidates impressive weight-reducing potential. Future multi-modal concepts in may surpass effectivity bariatric not regard to weight loss, but also associated comorbidities.

Language: Английский

Citations

59