Insulin Resistance: The Increased Risk of Cancers

Current Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(2), P. 998 - 1027

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Insulin resistance, also known as impaired insulin sensitivity, is the result of a decreased reaction signaling to blood glucose levels. This state observed when muscle cells, adipose tissue, and liver improperly respond particular concentration insulin. resistance related increased plasma levels (hyperinsulinemia) may cause metabolic impairments, which are pathological states in obesity type 2 diabetes mellitus. Observations cancer patients confirm that hyperinsulinemia major factor influencing obesity, diabetes, cancer. Obesity have been reported risks initiation, progression, metastasis several cancers. However, both aforementioned pathologies independently additionally increase risk. The disorders associated with poor outcomes treatment. For example, suffering from higher recurrence rates their overall survival reduced. In these associations between risk, an overview various pathogenic mechanisms play role development discussed.

Language: Английский

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Prediabetes Increases the Risk of Frailty in Prefrail Older Adults With Hypertension: Beneficial Effects of Metformin

Hypertension, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81(7), P. 1637 - 1643

Published: May 16, 2024

Prediabetes has garnered increasing attention due to its association with cardiovascular conditions, especially hypertension, which heightens the risk of prefrailty and frailty among older individuals.

Language: Английский

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New Insights into Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiometabolic Diseases: Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 2973 - 2973

Published: March 4, 2024

The endothelium is a monocellular layer covering the inner surface of blood vessels. It maintains vascular homeostasis regulating tone and permeability exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-thrombotic functions. When exposed to detrimental stimuli including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, neurohormonal imbalance, different biological pathways are activated leading oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, increased secretion adipokines, cytokines, endothelin-1, fibroblast growth factor, reduced nitric oxide production, eventually loss integrity. Endothelial dysfunction has emerged as hallmark dysmetabolic impairment contributes effects on cardiac metabolism diastolic development cardiovascular diseases heart failure. Different biomarkers have been proposed predict in order identify microvascular macrovascular damage atherosclerosis, particularly metabolic disorders. also plays an important role severe COVID-19 complications patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we will discuss mechanisms involved dysregulation context cardiometabolic well available promising clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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Comparative study on the predictive value of TG/HDL-C, TyG and TyG-BMI indices for 5-year mortality in critically ill patients with chronic heart failure: a retrospective study

Cardiovascular Diabetology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: June 20, 2024

Abstract Background The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI), and triglyceride-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) are substitute indicators for insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to compare the predictive value of these 5-year mortality in critically ill patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods Critically CHF were identified from Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring Intensive Care (MIMIC) III IV databases. primary outcome was mortality. relationship between three indices risk determined using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, Kaplan–Meier (K‒M) analysis restricted cubic splines analysis. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve generated ability predict Finally, whether IR would further increase basic model including baseline variables a significance level survivors non-survivors evaluated by ROC curve. Results Altogether, 1329 models indicated that TyG independently associated an elevated (hazard [HR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29–1.9), while TyG-BMI TG/HDL-C significantly mortality, HR (95% CI) 1.002 (1.000–1.003) 1.01 (1.00–1.03), respectively. K–M revealed cumulative incidence all-cause death increased increasing quartiles or ratio. According curve, outperformed at predicting (0.608 [0.571–0.645] vs. 0.558 [0.522–0.594] 0.561 [0.524–0.598]). effect on consistent across subgroups, no significant interaction randomized factors. Furthermore, adding improved its (area under 0.762 0.769 + index); however, difference not statistically significant. Conclusion As continuous variables, all CHF. Although did improve power CHF, appears be most promising (vs. ratio) prevention stratification

Language: Английский

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The Metabolic Syndrome, a Human Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 2251 - 2251

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

This review focuses on the question of metabolic syndrome (MS) being a complex, but essentially monophyletic, galaxy associated diseases/disorders, or just related rather independent pathologies. The human nature MS (its exceptionality in Nature and its close interdependence with action evolution) is presented discussed. text also describes components, special emphasis description their interrelations (including syndromic development recruitment), as well consequences upon energy handling partition. main theories MS’s origin are relation to hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes, obesity, encompass most components described so far. differential effects sex biological considered under light social needs evolution, which directly epidemiology, severity, relations senescence. triggering maintenance factors discussed, especial inflammation, complex process affecting different levels organization critical element for development. Inflammation operation connective tissue adipose organ) widely studied acknowledged influence diet. role diet composition, including transcendence anaplerotic Krebs cycle from dietary amino acid supply (and timing), developed context testosterone β-estradiol control insulin-glycaemia core system carbohydrate-triacylglycerol handling. high probability acting unique (essentially monophyletic) presented, together additional perspectives/considerations treatment this ‘very’ disease.

Language: Английский

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Exacerbates Pathological Processes of Parkinson's Disease: Insights from Signaling Pathways Mediated by Insulin Receptors

Neuroscience Bulletin, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

Language: Английский

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Molecular Mechanisms for the Vicious Cycle between Insulin Resistance and the Inflammatory Response in Obesity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(12), P. 9818 - 9818

Published: June 6, 2023

The comprehensive anabolic effects of insulin throughout the body, in addition to control glycemia, include ensuring lipid homeostasis and anti-inflammatory modulation, especially adipose tissue (AT). prevalence obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, has been increasing worldwide on pandemic scale with accompanying syndemic health problems, including glucose intolerance, resistance (IR), diabetes. Impaired sensitivity or IR paradoxically leads diseases an inflammatory component despite hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, excess visceral AT obesity initiates chronic low-grade conditions that interfere signaling via receptors (INSRs). Moreover, response IR, hyperglycemia itself stimulates primarily defensive associated subsequent release numerous cytokines real threat organ function deterioration. In this review, all components vicious cycle are characterized particular emphasis interplay between both innate adaptive immune responses related obesity. Increased accumulation should be considered main environmental factor responsible for disruption epigenetic regulatory mechanisms system, resulting autoimmunity inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Not Only Metabolic Complications of Childhood Obesity

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 539 - 539

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

The increasing incidence of obesity in the pediatric population requires attention to its serious complications. It turns out that addition typical, well-known metabolic complications, as a systemic disease carries risk equally serious, although less obvious, non-metabolic such cardiovascular diseases, polycystic ovary syndrome, chronic kidney disease, asthma, thyroid dysfunction, immunologic and dermatologic conditions, mental health problems. They can affect almost all systems young body also leave their mark adulthood. In addition, contributes exacerbation existing childhood diseases. As result, children suffering from may have reduced quality life, both physically mentally, life expectancy be shortened. that, case obese pregnant girls, complications unborn children. Therefore, it is extremely important take necessary actions prevent growing epidemic population, well treat detect them at an early stage. summary, physicians treating child with must adopt holistic approach treatment.

Language: Английский

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Changes in Cells Associated with Insulin Resistance

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 2397 - 2397

Published: Feb. 18, 2024

Insulin is a polypeptide hormone synthesized and secreted by pancreatic β-cells. It plays an important role as metabolic hormone. influences the metabolism of glucose, regulating plasma glucose levels stimulating storage in organs such liver, muscles adipose tissue. involved fat metabolism, increasing triglycerides decreasing lipolysis. Ketone body also depends on insulin action, reduces ketone concentrations protein metabolism. increases nitrogen retention, facilitates transport amino acids into cells synthesis proteins. inhibits breakdown cellular growth proliferation. On other hand, defects intracellular signaling pathways may cause several disturbances human resulting chronic diseases. resistance, known impaired sensitivity, due to decreased reaction for levels, seen when use response adequate concentration impaired. resistance cause, example, increased levels. That state, called hyperinsulinemia, impairs processes observed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus obesity. Hyperinsulinemia increase risk initiation, progression metastasis cancers poor cancer outcomes. health problem worldwide; therefore, mechanisms causes types strategies against are described this review. Attention paid factors that associated development main characteristic symptoms particular syndromes, plus aspects severe resistance. This review mainly focuses description analysis changes

Language: Английский

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MHO or MUO? White adipose tissue remodeling

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4)

Published: Jan. 7, 2024

In this review, we delve into the intricate relationship between white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling and metabolic aspects in obesity, with a specific focus on individuals metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) unhealthy (MUO). WAT is highly heterogeneous, plastic, dynamically secreting endocrine immune organ. plays crucial role health, involving expansion mode, microenvironment, phenotype, distribution. MHO, beneficial, reducing ectopic fat deposition insulin resistance (IR) through mechanisms like increased adipocyte hyperplasia, anti-inflammatory appropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, vascularization, enhanced browning, subcutaneous (SWAT) deposition. Conversely, for those MUO, leads to IR, causing dysregulation. This process involves hypertrophy, disrupted heightened pro-inflammatory brown (BAT) whitening, accumulation of visceral (VWAT) The review underscores pivotal importance intervening hinder transition from MHO MUO. insight valuable tailoring personalized effective management strategies patients clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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