Schizophrenia

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 399(10323), P. 473 - 486

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Review of the Endocannabinoid System

Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(6), P. 607 - 615

Published: Aug. 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Feb. 25, 2021

Language: Английский

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Changes in delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) concentrations in cannabis over time: systematic review and meta‐analysis

Addiction, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 116(5), P. 1000 - 1010

Published: Nov. 7, 2020

Abstract Background and aims Cannabis products with high delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations carry an increased risk of addiction mental health disorders, while it has been suggested that cannabidiol (CBD) may moderate the effects THC. This study aimed to systematically review meta‐analyse changes in THC CBD cannabis over time (PROSPERO registration: CRD42019130055). Design Embase, MEDLINE® Epub Ahead Print, In‐Process Other Non‐Indexed Citations Daily, Global Health, PsycINFO Scopus were searched from inception 27/03/2019 for observational studies reporting mean and/or concentration at least three annual points. Searches extraction conducted by two independent reviewers. Random meta‐regression models estimated each product within study; these estimates pooled across random models. Results We identified 12 eligible USA, UK, Netherlands, France, Denmark, Italy New Zealand. For all herbal cannabis, 0.29% year (95% CI: 0.11, 0.47), P < 0.001 based on 66 747 samples eight studies, 1970–2017. resin, 0.57% 0.10, 1.03), = 0.017 17 371 1975–2017. There was no evidence [−0.01% −0.02, 0.01), 0.280; 49 434 five 1995–2017] or resin [0.03% −0.11, 0.18), 0.651; 11 382 six 1992–2017]. Risk bias low apart non‐random sampling most studies. substantial heterogeneity. Conclusions Concentrations international markets 1970 2017 remained stable. Increases greater than cannabis. Rising attributable market share high‐THC sinsemilla relative low‐THC traditional

Language: Английский

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Non-Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia

Current Psychiatry Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 21(10)

Published: Sept. 14, 2019

Abstract Purpose of Review We review recent developments on risk factors in schizophrenia. Recent Findings The way we think about schizophrenia today is profoundly different from the this illness was seen twentieth century. now know that etiology multifactorial and reflects an interaction between genetic vulnerability environmental contributors. Environmental such as pregnancy birth complications, childhood trauma, migration, social isolation, urbanicity, substance abuse, alone combination, acting at a number levels over time, influence individual’s likelihood to develop disorder. Summary together with identification polygenic score for schizophrenia, research gene–environment environment–environment have hugely increased our knowledge

Language: Английский

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Associations Between Prenatal Cannabis Exposure and Childhood Outcomes

JAMA Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 78(1), P. 64 - 64

Published: Sept. 23, 2020

In light of increasing cannabis use among pregnant women, the US Surgeon General recently issued an advisory against marijuana during pregnancy.To evaluate whether pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes offspring.In this cross-sectional study, data were obtained from baseline session ongoing longitudinal Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study, which recruited 11 875 children aged 9 to years, as well a parent or caregiver, 22 sites across United States between June 1, 2016, October 15, 2018.Prenatal exposure prior after maternal knowledge pregnancy.Symptoms psychopathology in (ie, psychotic-like experiences [PLEs] internalizing, externalizing, attention, thought, social problems), cognition, sleep, birth weight, gestational age at birth, body mass index, brain structure total intracranial volume, white matter gray volume). Covariates included familial (eg, income psychopathology), prenatal alcohol tobacco), child substance use) variables.Among 489 (5997 boys [52.2%]; mean [SD] age, 9.9 [0.6] years) nonmissing data, 655 (5.7%) exposed prenatally. Relative no exposure, only before (413 [3.6%]) (242 [2.1%]) greater offspring characteristics PLEs thought and, sleep problems, lower cognition volume (all |β| > 0.02; all false discovery rate [FDR]-corrected P < .03). Only was weight volumes relative FDR-corrected .04). When including potentially confounding covariates, remained problems β .02). Exposure did not differ on any when considering variables .70).This study suggests that its correlated factors are risk for middle childhood. Cannabis should be discouraged.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the public health impacts of legalizing recreational cannabis use: the US experience

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 179 - 186

Published: May 11, 2020

The sale of cannabis for adult recreational use has been made legal in nine US states since 2012, and nationally Uruguay 2013 Canada 2018. We review research on the effects legalization among adults adolescents cannabis-related harms; impact legalizing price, availability, potency use; regulatory policies that may increase or limit adverse legalization. substantially reduced price cannabis, increased its potency, more available to users. It appears have frequency adults, but not so far youth. also emergency department attendances hospitalizations some harms. relatively modest date probably reflect restrictions number locations retail outlets constraints commercialization under a continued federal prohibition cannabis. Future evaluations should monitor: sales volumes, prices content tetrahydrocannabinol; prevalence household high school surveys; car crash fatalities injuries involving drivers who are cannabis-impaired; presentations related cannabis; demand treatment disorders; regular vulnerable young people mental health services, schools criminal justice system. Governments propose legalize regulate need fund monitor impacts these policy changes public health, take advantage this develop ways regulating can-nabis minimize health.

Language: Английский

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The clinical characterization of the patient with primary psychosis aimed at personalization of management

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 4 - 33

Published: Jan. 12, 2021

The current management of patients with primary psychosis worldwide is often remarkably stereotyped. In almost all cases an antipsychotic medica­tion prescribed, second‐generation antipsychotics usually preferred to first‐generation ones. Cognitive behavioral therapy rarely used in the vast majority countries, although there evidence support its efficacy. Psychosocial interventions are provided, especially chronic cases, but those applied frequently not validated by research. Evidence‐based family and supported employment programs seldom implemented ordinary practice. Although notion that at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases diabetes mellitus widely shared, it frequent appropriate measures be address this problem. view patient should personalized endorsed clinicians, personalization lacking or inadequate most clinical contexts. many mental health services would declare themselves “recovery‐oriented”, common a focus on empowerment, identity, meaning resilience ensured present paper aims situation. It describes systematically salient domains considered characterization individual aimed management. These include positive negative symptom dimensions, other psychopathological components, onset course, neurocognition social cognition, neurodevelopmental indicators; functioning, quality life unmet needs; staging, antecedent concomitant psychiatric conditions, physical comorbidities, history, history obstetric complications, early recent environmental exposures, protective factors resilience, internalized stigma. For each domain, simple assessment instruments identified could use practice included standardized decision tools. A encouraged which takes into account available treatment modalities whose efficacy research evidence, selects modulates them basis characterization, addresses patient’s needs terms employment, housing, self‐care, relationships education, offers resilience.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis use and psychosis: a review of reviews

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 270(4), P. 403 - 412

Published: Sept. 28, 2019

Language: Английский

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Medicinal cannabis for psychiatric disorders: a clinically-focused systematic review

BMC Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2020

Medicinal cannabis has received increased research attention over recent years due to loosening global regulatory changes. been reported have potential efficacy in reducing pain, muscle spasticity, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, intractable childhood epilepsy. Yet its application the field of psychiatry is lesser known.The first clinically-focused systematic review on emerging medical across all major psychiatric disorders was conducted. Current evidence regarding whole plant formulations plant-derived cannabinoid isolates mood, anxiety, sleep, psychotic deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) discussed; while also detailing clinical prescription considerations (including pharmacogenomics), occupational public health elements, future recommendations. The literature conducted during 2019, assessing data from case studies trials involving medicinal or for (neurological conditions pain were omitted).The present therapeutics nascent, thereby it currently premature recommend cannabinoid-based interventions. Isolated positive have, however, revealed tentative support cannabinoids (namely cannabidiol; CBD) social anxiety; with mixed (mainly positive) adjunctive use schizophrenia. Case suggest that may be beneficial improving sleep post-traumatic stress disorder, however weak. Preliminary findings indicate no benefit depression high delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) therapeutics, CBD mania. One isolated study indicates some an oral cannabinoid/terpene combination ADHD. Clinical prescriptive consideration involves caution high-THC (avoidance youth, people anxiety disorders), gradual titration, regular assessment, cardiovascular respiratory disorders, pregnancy breast-feeding.There encouraging, albeit embryonic, treatment a range disorders. Supportive are key isolates, clinicians need mindful safety considerations, especially if initiating higher dose THC formulas.

Language: Английский

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