Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG) for reducing health harms from non-medical cannabis use: A comprehensive evidence and recommendations update

International Journal of Drug Policy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 99, P. 103381 - 103381

Published: Aug. 28, 2021

Cannabis use is common, especially among young people, and associated with risks for various health harms. Some jurisdictions have recently moved to legalization/regulation pursuing public goals. Evidence-based 'Lower Risk Use Guidelines' (LRCUG) recommendations were previously developed reduce modifiable risk factors of cannabis-related adverse outcomes; related evidence has evolved substantially since. We aimed review new scientific develop comprehensively up-to-date LRCUG, including their recommendations, on this basis. Targeted searches literature (since 2016) main outcomes by the user-individual conducted. Topical areas informed previous LRCUG content expanded upon current evidence. Searches preferentially focused systematic reviews, supplemented key individual studies. The results evidence-graded, topically organized narratively summarized; through an iterative expert consensus development process. A substantial body cannabis use-related harms identified varying quality. Twelve substantive recommendation clusters three precautionary statements developed. In general, suggests that individuals can if they delay onset until after adolescence, avoid high-potency (THC) products high-frequency/-intensity use, refrain from smoking-routes administration. While people are particularly vulnerable harms, other sub-groups (e.g., pregnant women, drivers, older adults, those co-morbidities) advised exercise particular caution risks. Legal/regulated should be used where possible. result in outcomes, mostly higher-risk use. Reducing help offer one targeted intervention component within a comprehensive approach They require effective audience-tailoring dissemination, regular updating as become available, evaluated impact.

Language: Английский

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Public health monitoring of cannabis use in Europe: prevalence of use, cannabis potency, and treatment rates

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10, P. 100227 - 100227

Published: Sept. 24, 2021

Cannabis is one of the most widely used substances worldwide. Heavy use associated with an increased risk cannabis disorders, psychotic acute cognitive impairment, traffic injuries, respiratory problems, worse pregnancy outcomes, and there are indications for genotoxic epigenotoxic adverse effects. International regulation medical non-medical changing rapidly substantially, highlighting importance robust public health monitoring. This study aimed to describe trends key indicators in European Union (27 member states + UK, Norway Turkey) period 2010 2019, their implications, identify steps required improve current practice monitoring harm Europe.Data on four (prevalence use, prevalence disorder [CUD], treatment rates, potency products) Europe were extracted from United Nations Office Drugs Crime, Monitoring Centre Drug Addiction Global Burden Disease study. For CUD, first last available estimate each country compared. rates potency, linear regression models conducted.Between past-month by 27% adults (from 3·1 3·9%), pronounced relative increases observed among 35-64 year-olds. In 13 out 26 countries, over 20% all users reported high-risk patterns. The rate entry problems per 100,000 27·0 (95% CI: 17·2 36·8) 35·1 23·6 46·7) has mostly plateaued since 2015. Modest found herbal 6·9% 10·6% THC) while median THC values tripled resin 7·6% 24·1% THC).In past decade, levels have major concerns about impact use. Continued efforts data quality reporting, including cannabis-attributable harm, will be necessary evaluate international changes regulation.This received no specific funding.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis legalization and cannabis use, daily cannabis use and cannabis-related problems among adults in Ontario, Canada (2001–2019)

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 244, P. 109765 - 109765

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

In the context of cannabis legalization in Canada, we examined effects on patterns consumption, including use, daily use and cannabis-related problems. addition, differential by age sex. A pre-post design was operationalized combining 19 iterations Centre for Addiction Mental Health (CAMH) Monitor Surveys (N = 52,260; 2001–2019): repeated, population-based, cross-sectional surveys adults Ontario. Participants provided self-reports (past 12 months), months) problems though telephone interviews. The consumption were using logistic regression analyses, with testing two-way interactions to determine Cannabis prevalence increased from 11 % 26 (p < 0.0001), 1 6 0.0001) 14 between 2001 2019. associated an likelihood (OR, 95 CI: 1.62, 1.40–1.86), (1.59, 1.21–2.07) (1.53, 1.20–1.95). For problems, a significant interaction observed suggesting among ≥55 years. Given increases these broader dissemination uptake targeted prevention tools is indicated.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis: A Toxin-Producing Plant with Potential Therapeutic Uses

Toxins, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 117 - 117

Published: Feb. 5, 2021

For thousands of years, Cannabis sativa has been utilized as a medicine and for recreational spiritual purposes. Phytocannabinoids are family compounds that found in the cannabis plant, which is known its psychotogenic euphoric effects; main psychotropic constituent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). The pharmacological effects cannabinoids result interactions between those cannabinoid receptors, CB1 CB2, located many parts human body. used therapeutic agent treating pain emesis. Some clinically applied chronic pain, particularly cancer multiple sclerosis-associated appetite stimulation anti-emesis HIV/AIDS patients, spasticity treatment sclerosis epilepsy patients. Medical varies from chemical content THC cannabidiol (CBD), modes administration, safety. Despite cannabis, exposure to high concentrations THC, compound responsible most intoxicating experienced by users, could lead psychological events adverse affect almost all body systems, such neurological (dizziness, drowsiness, seizures, coma, others), ophthalmological (mydriasis conjunctival hyperemia), cardiovascular (tachycardia arterial hypertension), gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, thirst), mainly associated with use. toxicity children more concerning can cause serious acute symptoms (stupor), lethargy, even coma. More countries legalizing commercial production sale medicinal use, some use well. Liberalization laws led increased incidence toxicity, hyperemesis syndrome, lung disease disease, reduced fertility, tolerance, dependence prolonged This review focuses on potential cannabinoids, well toxic various systems.

Language: Английский

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Public health impacts to date of the legalisation of medical and recreational cannabis use in the USA

Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 193, P. 108610 - 108610

Published: May 16, 2021

Language: Английский

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Consensus paper of the WFSBP task force on cannabis, cannabinoids and psychosis

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(10), P. 719 - 742

Published: March 22, 2022

Objectives The liberalisation of cannabis laws, the increasing availability and potency has renewed concern about risk psychosis with cannabis.Methods objective WFSBP task force was to review literature this relationship.Results Converging lines evidence suggest that exposure increases for psychoses ranging from transient psychotic states chronic recurrent psychosis. greater dose, earlier age exposure, risk. For some outcomes, supports criteria causality. However, alternate explanations including reverse causality confounders cannot be conclusively excluded. Furthermore, is neither necessary nor sufficient cause More likely it one multiple causal components. In those established psychosis, a negative impact on course expression illness. Emerging also suggests alterations in endocannabinoid system disorders.Conclusions Given cannabinoids modifiable, delaying or eliminating cannabinoids, could potentially rates related cannabis, especially who are at high developing disorder.

Language: Английский

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Long-Term Cannabis Use and Cognitive Reserves and Hippocampal Volume in Midlife

American Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 179(5), P. 362 - 374

Published: March 8, 2022

Cannabis use is increasing among midlife and older adults. This study tested the hypotheses that long-term cannabis associated with cognitive deficits smaller hippocampal volume in midlife, which important because are risk factors for dementia.

Language: Английский

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Identifying risk-thresholds for the association between frequency of cannabis use and development of cannabis use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 238, P. 109582 - 109582

Published: July 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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Is legalization of recreational cannabis associated with levels of use and cannabis use disorder among youth in the United States? A rapid systematic review

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 33(3), P. 701 - 723

Published: May 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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Cannabis Vaping Among Youth and Young Adults: a Scoping Review

Current Addiction Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 217 - 234

Published: May 7, 2022

Abstract Purpose of Review The purpose this review was to describe the state-of-the-literature on research specific cannabis vaping among youth and young adults. Recent Findings Out 1801 records identified, a total 202 articles met eligibility criteria for inclusion in review. Most literature (46.0% studies) health effects vaping, particularly EVALI (e-cigarette associated lung injury). Other areas identified included etiology (24.3%) epidemiology (24.8%) addition regulation (8.4%) marketing (5.5%) same. Summary Cannabis is increasingly common adults more prevalent settings where recreational use has been legalized. documents number negative people, along with risk factors reasons

Language: Английский

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