New trends in cannabis potency in USA and Europe during the last decade (2008–2017)

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 269(1), P. 5 - 15

Published: Jan. 22, 2019

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis, Cannabidiol, and Cannabinoid-Based Pharmaceuticals

Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 107(3-4), P. 131 - 149

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

<b><i>Background:</i></b> There is a growing interest in the use of cannabis (and its extracts), as well CBD oil (hemp extracts containing cannabidiol), for therapeutic purposes. While there reason to believe that cannabinoids may be efficacious number different diseases and syndromes, exist limited objective data supporting crude materials (CBD oil, extracts, and/or itself). <b><i>Summary:</i></b> In present review, we examined pure cannabinoid compounds (dronabinol, nabilone, CBD), partially purified medicinal (nabiximols), provide guidance on potential uses high-THC oil. general, support role cannabis/cannabinoids pain, seizure disorders, appetite stimulation, muscle spasticity, treatment nausea/vomiting. Given biological activities cannabinoids, utility central nervous system disorders (such neurodegenerative diseases, PTSD, addiction) or cancer. However, those are much less compelling. <b><i>Key Message:</i></b> On balance, reasons medical extract (Δ⁹-THC-dominant CBD-dominant), but more careful research required.

Language: Английский

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‘Standard THC units’: a proposal to standardize dose across all cannabis products and methods of administration

Addiction, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 115(7), P. 1207 - 1216

Published: Oct. 12, 2019

Abstract Background and Aims Cannabis products are becoming increasingly diverse, vary considerably in concentrations of ∆ 9 ‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabidiol (CBD). Higher doses THC can increase the risk harm from cannabis, while CBD may partially offset some these effects. Lower Risk Use Guidelines currently lack recommendations based on quantity use, could be improved by implementing standard units. However, there is no consensus how units should measured or standardized among different cannabis methods administration. Argument Existing proposals for have been specific administration (e.g. joints) not capture other methods, including pipes, bongs, blunts, dabbing, vaporizers, vape pens, edibles liquids. Other grams cannabis) cannot account heterogeneity products. Similar to alcohol units, we argue that reflect primary active pharmacological constituents (dose THC). On basis experimental ecological data, public health considerations existing policy, propose a ‘standard unit’ fixed at 5 mg all If supported sufficient evidence future, consumption might offer an additional strategy reduction. Conclusions Standard potentially applied guide consumers promote safer patterns use.

Language: Английский

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Consequences of adolescent drug use

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Oct. 6, 2023

Abstract Substance use in adolescence is a known risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric and substance disorders adulthood. This part due to fact that critical aspects brain occur during adolescence, which can be altered by drug use. Despite concerted efforts educate youth about potential negative consequences use, initiation remains common amongst adolescents world-wide. Additionally, though there has been substantial research on topic, many questions remain predictors adolescent In following review, we will highlight some most recent literature neurobiological behavioral effects rodents, non-human primates, humans, with specific focus alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, interactions between these substances. Overall, consumption substances produce long-lasting changes across variety structures networks have enduring behavior, emotion, cognition.

Language: Английский

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Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG) for reducing health harms from non-medical cannabis use: A comprehensive evidence and recommendations update

International Journal of Drug Policy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 99, P. 103381 - 103381

Published: Aug. 28, 2021

Cannabis use is common, especially among young people, and associated with risks for various health harms. Some jurisdictions have recently moved to legalization/regulation pursuing public goals. Evidence-based 'Lower Risk Use Guidelines' (LRCUG) recommendations were previously developed reduce modifiable risk factors of cannabis-related adverse outcomes; related evidence has evolved substantially since. We aimed review new scientific develop comprehensively up-to-date LRCUG, including their recommendations, on this basis. Targeted searches literature (since 2016) main outcomes by the user-individual conducted. Topical areas informed previous LRCUG content expanded upon current evidence. Searches preferentially focused systematic reviews, supplemented key individual studies. The results evidence-graded, topically organized narratively summarized; through an iterative expert consensus development process. A substantial body cannabis use-related harms identified varying quality. Twelve substantive recommendation clusters three precautionary statements developed. In general, suggests that individuals can if they delay onset until after adolescence, avoid high-potency (THC) products high-frequency/-intensity use, refrain from smoking-routes administration. While people are particularly vulnerable harms, other sub-groups (e.g., pregnant women, drivers, older adults, those co-morbidities) advised exercise particular caution risks. Legal/regulated should be used where possible. result in outcomes, mostly higher-risk use. Reducing help offer one targeted intervention component within a comprehensive approach They require effective audience-tailoring dissemination, regular updating as become available, evaluated impact.

Language: Английский

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Increasing potency and price of cannabis in Europe, 2006–16

Addiction, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 114(6), P. 1015 - 1023

Published: Dec. 31, 2018

To quantify changes in (i) potency (concentration of Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol; %THC), (ii) price (euros/g cannabis) and (iii) value (mg THC/euro) cannabis resin herbal Europe.Repeated cross-sectional study.Data collected from 28 European Union (EU) member states, Norway Turkey by the Monitoring Centre for Drugs Drug Addiction.Outcome variables were potency, Europe, 2006-16. Inflation was estimated using Harmonised Indices Consumer Prices. Mixed-effects linear regression models used to estimate quadratic time trends, with a random intercept slope fitted account variation across countries.Resin increased mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] 8.14% THC (6.89, 9.49) 2006 17.22 (15.23, 19.25) 2016. Resin 8.21 euros/g (7.54, 8.97) 12.27 (10.62, 14.16). value, 11.00 mg per euro (8.60, 13.62) 16.39 (13.68, 19.05). Quadratic trends indicated minimal change 2011, followed marked increases 2011 Herbal 5.00% (3.91, 6.23) 10.22 (9.01, 11.47). 7.36 (6.22, 8.53) 12.22 (10.59, 14.03). The did not 12.65 (10.18, 15.34) 12.72 (10.73, 14.73). All persisted after adjusting inflation.European Cannabis (but quantity -tetrahydrocannabinol spent. Marked 2016 are consistent emergence new production techniques neighbouring drug markets.

Language: Английский

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Explaining long-term trends in adolescent emotional problems: what we know from population-based studies

Discover Social Science and Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: March 25, 2024

Abstract Over the past four decades, rates of emotional problems in adolescents have increased many countries, and outcomes for those with mental health worsened. In this review we explore existing population-based studies to evaluate possible explanations these trends. We include that examine both trends adolescent problems, as well risk or protective factors previously hypothesised be associated youth depression anxiety. The available evidence on related family life, young people’s behaviours lifestyle, school environment, peer relationships, poverty. Studies reviewed suggest are increases parental weight-control eating disorders, school-related stress, a rise poverty social inequality 21st Century. One biggest changes lives over last few decades has been digital media access information interact others, but implications remain unclear. Other likely mitigated against even steeper example improvements substance use long-term reduction child maltreatment. Epidemiological unselected cohorts testing secular scarce an urgent priority future research. Such will need prioritise collection comparable data repeated population cohorts. Improving is major societal challenge, considerably more needs done understand connections between change health.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis smoking increases the risk of suicide ideation and suicide attempt in young individuals of 11–21 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Psychiatric Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 153, P. 90 - 98

Published: July 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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The acute effects of cannabis with and without cannabidiol in adults and adolescents: A randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover experiment

Addiction, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 118(7), P. 1282 - 1294

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Long-term harms of cannabis may be exacerbated in adolescence, but little is known about the acute effects adolescents. We aimed to (i) compare adolescent and adult users (ii) determine if cannabidiol (CBD) acutely modulates delta-9-tetrahydocannabinol (THC).Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover experiment. The experiment was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04851392).Laboratory London, United Kingdom.Twenty-four adolescents (12 women, 16- 17-year-olds) 24 adults 26- 29-year-olds) who used 0.5-3 days/week were matched use frequency (mean = 1.5 days/week).We administered three weight-adjusted vaporised flower preparations: 'THC' (8 mg THC for 75 kg person); 'THC + CBD' CBD 'PLA' (matched placebo).Primary outcomes subjective 'feel drug effect'; verbal episodic memory (delayed prose recall); (iii) psychotomimetic effect (Psychotomimetic States Inventory).Compared with 'PLA', significantly (P < 0.001) increased effect' difference [MD] 6.3, 95% CI 5.3-7.2; MD 6.8, 6.0-7.7), impaired (MD -2.7, -4.1 -1.4; -2.9, -1.7) 7.8, 2.8-12.7; 10.8, 6.2-15.4). There no evidence that differed from their responses (interaction P ≥ 0.4). Bayesian analyses supported equivalent (Bayes factor [BF01 ] >3). modulated THC.Adolescent are neither more resilient nor vulnerable than psychotomimetic, memory-impairing or cannabis. Furthermore, adults, does not mitigate caused by delta-9-tetrahydocannabinol.

Language: Английский

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Effects of cannabis exposure in the prenatal and adolescent periods: Preclinical and clinical studies in both sexes

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 57, P. 100841 - 100841

Published: April 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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