Antiviral effect of Evusheld in COVID-19 hospitalized patients infected with pre-Omicron or Omicron variants: a modelling analysis of the randomized DisCoVeRy trial

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 79(11), P. 2887 - 2895

Published: Aug. 13, 2024

Abstract Background The antiviral efficacy of Evusheld (AZD7442) in patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 is unknown. Methods We analysed the evolution both nasopharyngeal viral load and serum neutralization activity against variant infection 199 (109 treated with Evusheld, 90 placebo) infected virus included randomized, double-blind, trial DisCoVeRy (NCT04315948). Using a mechanistic mathematical model, we reconstructed trajectories kinetics how they are modulated by increase during treatment. Results Our model identified that was associated kinetics. Reflecting variant-dependent larger pre-Omicron or Omicron BA.2 variants than BA.1 variant. More specifically, predicted reduced median time to clearance compared placebo-treated more 5 days (median: 5.9; 80% PI: 2.1–13.6) 5.4; 2.0–12.4), respectively. effect modest variant, reducing 2 2.2; 0.4–8.9). Conclusions Hospitalized had shorter clearance. As mediated level activity, its impact on varies largely according infection.

Language: Английский

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A unifying model to explain high nirmatrelvir therapeutic efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, despite low post-exposure prophylaxis efficacy and frequent viral rebound

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Abstract In a pivotal trial (EPIC-HR), 5-day course of oral ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir, given early during symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (within three days symptoms onset), decreased hospitalization and death by 89.1% nasal viral load 0.87 log relative to placebo in high-risk individuals. Yet, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir failed as post-exposure prophylaxis trial, frequent rebound has been observed subsequent cohorts. We developed mathematical model capturing viral-immune dynamics nirmatrelvir pharmacokinetics that recapitulated loads from this another clinical (PLATCOV). Our results suggest nirmatrelvir’s vivo potency is significantly lower than vitro assays predict. According our model, maximally potent agent would reduce the approximately 3.5 logs at 5 days. The identifies earlier initiation shorter treatment duration are key predictors post-treatment rebound. Extension 10 for Omicron variant vaccinated individuals, rather increasing dose or dosing frequency, predicted incidence significantly.

Language: Английский

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A data set of symptoms and needs of individuals affected by COVID-19

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Abstract Here we provide data from an online survey of 639 people diagnosed with COVID-19 and resident in France, who were between 30th Jan 2020 29th August 2022. In addition to demographic information the includes questions about participants’ symptoms (by category), symptom onset persistence, effects these had on their daily lives. Participants able include related perceived medical, social professional needs. These are needed order create effective care policies addressing post-COVID sequelae. Information association & dynamics is expected be useful clinicians may also inform more fundamental studies.

Language: Английский

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Parametric analysis of the transmission dynamics during indigenous aggregated outbreaks caused by five SARS-CoV-2 strains in Nanjing, China

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 8, 2024

Background SARS-CoV-2 strains have been of great concern due to their high infectivity and antibody evasion. Methods In this study, data were collected on indigenous aggregated outbreaks in Nanjing from January 2020 December 2022, caused by five including the original strain, Delta variant, Omicron variant (BA.2, BA.5.2, BF.7). The basic epidemiological characteristics infected individuals described then parametric analysis transmission dynamics was performed, calculation incubation period, serial interval (SI), reproductive number (R 0 ), household secondary attack rate (HSAR). Finally, we compared trends dynamic parameters different strains. Results period for BA.2, BF.7 6 d (95% CI: 3.5–7.5 d), 5 4.0–6.0 3 3.0–4.0 3.0–3.0 2 2.0–3.0 respectively; Also, SI 5.69 d, 4.79 2.7 2.12 2.43 respectively. Notably, had both a progressive shortening trend ( p < 0.001); Moreover, R 2.39 1.30–4.29), 3.73 2.66–5.15), 5.28 3.52–8.10), 5.54 2.69–11.17), 7.39 2.97–18.76), with an increasing gradually 0.01); HSAR 25.5% 20.1–31.7%), 27.4% 22.0–33.4%), 42.9% 34.3–51.8%), 53.1% 45.0–60.9%), 41.4% CI, 25.5–59.3%), also 0.001). Conclusion Compared decreased while increased, suggesting that population faster scope wider. Overall, it’s crucial keep implementing comprehensive measures like monitoring alert systems, herd immunization plans, outbreak control.

Language: Английский

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Outdoor air pollution as a risk factor for testing positive for SARS-CoV-2: A nationwide test-negative case-control study in the Netherlands

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 259, P. 114382 - 114382

Published: April 22, 2024

Air pollution is a known risk factor for several diseases, but the extent to which it influences COVID-19 compared other respiratory diseases remains unclear. We performed test-negative case-control study among people with COVID-19-compatible symptoms who were tested SARS-CoV-2 infection, assess whether their long- and short-term exposure ambient air (AAP) was associated testing positive (vs. negative) SARS-CoV-2. used individual-level data all adult residents in Netherlands between June November 2020, when only symptomatic tested, modeled concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NO2 O3 at geocoded residential addresses. In long-term analysis, we selected individuals did not change address 2017–2019 (1.7 million tests) considered average PM2.5 that period, different sources PM (industry, livestock, agricultural activities, road traffic, Dutch sources, foreign sources). changing two weeks before day (2.7 included analyses, thus considering 1- 2-week as exposure. Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis adjustment confounders, including municipality week account spatiotemporal variation viral circulation, used. Overall, there no statistically significant effect studied pollutants on odds vs. negative However, associations PM10 from specifically livestock observed. Short-term (adjusting NO2) also positively increased While these exposures seemed increase relative underlying biological mechanisms remain This reinforces need continue strive better quality support public health.

Language: Английский

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