Insect Diapause

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

Our highly seasonal world restricts insect activity to brief portions of the year. This feature necessitates a sophisticated interpretation changes and enactment mechanisms for bringing development halt then reinitiating it when inimical season is past. The dormant state diapause serves bridge unfavourable seasons, its timing provides powerful mechanism synchronizing development. book explores how signals are monitored used by insects enact specific molecular pathways that generate phenotype. broad perspective offered here scales from ecological thus comprehensive view this exciting vibrant research field, offering insights on topics ranging pest management, evolution, speciation, climate change disease transmission, human health, as well analogies with other forms invertebrate dormancy mammalian hibernation.

Language: Английский

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Insect diapause: from a rich history to an exciting future

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 226(4)

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

ABSTRACT Diapause, a stage-specific developmental arrest, is widely exploited by insects to bridge unfavorable seasons. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the ecology, physiology and evolutionary implications of insect diapause, yet intriguing questions remain. A more complete diapause processes on Earth requires better geographic spread investigations, including work tropics at high latitudes. Questions surrounding energy management trade-offs between non-diapause remain understudied. We know little about how maternal effects direct response, regulators prolonged are also poorly understood. Numerous factors that were recently linked still waiting be placed regulatory network leading from photoreception engagement program. These include epigenetic small noncoding RNAs, emerging data suggest role for microbiome regulation. Another feature complexity resulting diverse suite responses comprise syndrome. Select transcription likely serve as master switches turning these responses, but we far full complexity. The richness species displaying offers platform seeking common components ‘diapause toolbox’. Across latitudes, during invasion events changing climate, grand opportunities probe change speciation. At practical level, can manipulated control long-term storage. Diapausing contain treasure trove pharmacological compounds offer promising models human health.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Mechanisms of Winter Survival

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 68(1), P. 319 - 339

Published: Oct. 7, 2022

Winter provides many challenges for insects, including direct injury to tissues and energy drain due low food availability. As a result, the geographic distribution of species is tightly coupled their ability survive winter. In this review, we summarize molecular processes associated with winter survival, particular focus on coping cold energetic challenges. Anticipatory such as acclimation diapause cause wholesale transcriptional reorganization that increases resistance promotes cryoprotectant production storage. Molecular responses temperature are also dynamic include signaling events during after stressor prevent repair injury. addition, highlight mechanisms subject selection insects evolve variable conditions. Based current knowledge, despite common threads, survival vary considerably across species, taxonomic biases must be addressed fully appreciate mechanistic basis insect phylogeny.

Language: Английский

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Female reproductive dormancy in Drosophila is regulated by DH31-producing neurons projecting into the corpus allatum

Development, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 150(10)

Published: May 15, 2023

ABSTRACT Female insects can enter reproductive diapause, a state of suspended egg development, to conserve energy under adverse environments. In many insects, including the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, also frequently called dormancy, is induced low-temperature and short-day conditions by downregulation juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis in corpus allatum (CA). this study, we demonstrate that neuropeptide Diuretic 31 (DH31) produced brain neurons project into CA plays an essential role regulating dormancy suppressing JH adult D. melanogaster. The expresses gene encoding DH31 receptor, which required for DH31-triggered elevation intracellular cAMP CA. Knocking down Dh31 these CA-projecting or receptor suppresses decrease titer, normally observed dormancy-inducing conditions, leading abnormal yolk accumulation ovaries. Our findings provide first molecular genetic evidence demonstrating peptidergic play biosynthesis.

Language: Английский

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A quantitative model of temperature-dependent diapause progression

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(36)

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

Winter diapause in insects is commonly terminated through cold exposure, which, like vernalization plants, prevents development before spring arrives. Currently, quantitative understanding of the temperature dependence termination limited, likely because phenotypes are generally cryptic to human eyes. We introduce a methodology tackle this challenge. By consecutively moving butterfly pupae species Pieris napi from several different conditions 20 °C, we show that proceeds as temperature-dependent rate process, with maximal rates at relatively temperatures and low warm extremely temperatures. Further, resulting thermal reaction norm can predict P. timing under variable Last, once , subsequent follows typical performance curve, around 31 °C minimum 2 °C. The sequence these thermally distinct processes (diapause postdiapause development) facilitates synchronous eclosion nature; microclimates where progresses quickly do not promote fast development, allowing individuals warmer winter catch up, vice versa. unveiling one process among others promotes parsimonious, quantitative, predictive model, wherein functions both an adaptation against premature during fall for synchrony spring.

Language: Английский

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Seven up regulates reproductive diapause initiation via juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi

Insect Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Abstract Reproductive diapause is an insect survival strategy in which reproduction temporarily halts response to adverse environmental changes. This process characterized by arrested ovarian development and lipid accumulation females. A reduction juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis known initiate reproductive diapause, but its regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Seven up (Svp), a transcription factor from the nuclear receptor family, plays crucial role various developmental processes insects. In this study, using cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi as model, we observed higher expression of Svp heads female adults under photoperiodic conditions (short‐day [SD]) compared (long‐day [LD]). RNA interference‐mediated knockdown SD females induced typical phenotypes, including arrest accumulation. The application methoprene (ME), JH agonist, reversed these phenotypes restored reproduction, indicating that ’s regulation dependent on signaling. Additionally, led downregulation pathway genes titers. Further evidence suggested regulates JHAMT1, critical gene biosynthesis, determines entry C. . These findings suggest diapause‐inducing photoperiods suppress expression, blocking production triggering diapause. work reveals initiation through modulating production, providing potential target for controlling pests capable entering

Language: Английский

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Multiple factors contribute to female dominance in migratory bioflows

Open Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Migration is a widely observed phenomenon supported by morphological, physiological and behavioural traits that vary with season sex in many species. Recently, the genetic components underpinning migration marmalade hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae) have been unpacked through detection of differentially expressed genes between migrant non-migrant females. Males also migrate, but changing ratios during autumn migration, from around 50% female northern Europe to 90% southern Europe, suggests males are poor long-distance fliers. To elucidate mechanisms this difference, we performed transcriptomic characterization actively migrating females males. Both sexes show similar adaptations including hyperphagia starvation resistance, display higher tolerance cold, lower wing loading values greater flight capacity. In addition, modulate expression involved immunity, hypoxia longevity while suppressing hormonal pathways maintaining reproductive diapause. These contribute success migrants underlie diminishing pool males, influencing population dynamics across huge geographic areas whole migratory overwintering period.

Language: Английский

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Photoperiodic time measurement, photoreception, and circadian clocks in insect photoperiodism

Applied Entomology and Zoology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 57(3), P. 193 - 212

Published: June 8, 2022

Abstract Photoperiodism is an adaptive response used by organisms to assess day length and anticipate upcoming seasons coordinate their (or offspring’s) development physiology with the environmental changes. These physiological mechanisms have long been studied understand insect life cycles, combat pests, conserve endangered species, rear beneficial insects. Recent genetic manipulations greatly expanded our knowledge of molecular underlying photoperiodism. Here, I review current photoperiodic time measurement, photoreception, circadian clocks, which constitute photoperiodism modules, a special emphasis on measurement models.

Language: Английский

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Dehydration Dynamics in Terrestrial Arthropods: From Water Sensing to Trophic Interactions

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 68(1), P. 129 - 149

Published: Oct. 21, 2022

Since the transition from water to land, maintaining balance has been a key challenge for terrestrial arthropods. We explore factors that allow arthropods survive within variably dry world and how they shape ecological interactions. Detection of hydration is critical content. Efficient regulation internal content accomplished by excretory osmoregulatory systems intake loss. Biochemical physiological responses are necessary as declines prevent repair damage occurs during dehydration. Desiccation avoidance can occur seasonally or daily via move more favorable areas. Dehydration its have impacts extend beyond single species alter trophic As climate changes, evolutionary processes will be survival drought.

Language: Английский

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Conserved cold tolerance of Rhagoletis species from different host fruits and elevations in Colorado, USA

Physiological Entomology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49(3), P. 216 - 226

Published: April 25, 2024

Abstract Understanding and characterizing how insects tolerate low temperatures is important for predicting their overwintering survival subsequent geographic spread. This study characterized the cold tolerance of two members Rhagoletis genus (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Colorado, USA. Pupae were collected from infested fruits late summer early fall. For first time, we show that rosehip fly basiola Osten Sacken freeze‐avoidant; pupae could supercool to as −26°C survive. Interestingly, temperature at which ice forms (supercooling point; SCP) did not vary between R. high (c. 2900 m above sea level [m a.s.l.]) lower 1650 a.s.l.) elevations. We also report apple maggot pomonella Walsh infesting an unusual host fruit, Dolgo crabapple, close proximity hawthorn trees. crabapples had similar SCPs survived −21°C. both prolonged exposure (2 weeks or more) mild (0 −5°C). Further into mechanisms underlying impressive conserved interesting avenue future research.

Language: Английский

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