Prevention and Treatment of Compulsive Buying Disorder

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 271 - 279

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

Compulsive buying disorder (CBD) is characterized by excessive shopping of unneeded or unwanted items that leads to distress impairment. The classification compulsive remains elusive. Some researchers suggest it should be grouped with behavioral addictions, while others have linked mood and obsessive-compulsive disorders. CBD relatively common, prevalence rates in general population varying from 2 percent 8 across different countries. Age onset typically coincides the age at which people first establish credit accounts emancipation home. It shares similar clinical characteristics classical addictive disorders including preoccupation, craving, loss control negative consequences shopping. tends run families associated significant psychiatric comorbidity, particularly anxiety disorders, substance use eating other impulse control. Little known about neurobiological genetic mechanisms underlying CBD, nor there standard treatment. Cognitive-behavioral therapy promising, medication studies been disappointing. Future research on target etiologic both psychological pharmacological treatments. Beyond treatment, educational (i.e., learning new coping skills, media literacy instruction) public policy efforts, as well parental modeling appropriate behavior, could beneficial those CBD.

Language: Английский

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Precision Behavioral Management (PBM): A Novel Genetically Guided Therapy to Combat Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) Relevant to the Opiate Crisis

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 297 - 306

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) is an umbrella term for all drug and nondrug addictive behaviors, due to a dopamine deficiency, "hypodopaminergia." There opioid-overdose epidemic in the USA, which may result or worsen RDS. A paradigm shift needed combat system that not working. This involves recognition of homeostasis as ultimate treatment RDS via precision, genetically guided KB220 variants, called Precision Behavioral Management (PBM). Recognition endophenotype future DSM 6, following Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), would assist shifting this paradigm.

Language: Английский

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Prevention and Treatment of “Food Addiction”

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 230 - 240

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

This chapter reviews current research related to prevention, early interventions, and treatment strategies for "food addiction." However, the paucity of directly relevant investigation resulted in necessity broaden focus include studies area general addiction disorders, those targeting compulsive overeating chronic weight gain. Included are discussions school-based interventions aimed at reducing caloric intake, such as taxation on sweetened-beverage consumption, increased availability fruits vegetables cafeteria menus. Consideration is also extended about efficacy public health policies regulatory agencies consumption highly foods population level – based evidence their addictive properties. approach past that increasing prices decreasing ease access has reduced use other substances nicotine. Applied foods, this may indicate implementing taxes sugary candy soda aid consumption. Regarding treatment, although more focused still needed, perhaps most promising evidence-based occur field cognitive which target hedonic overeating. These approaches mostly theory driven mesh with an experimental-medicine toward intervention development. It was concluded future should carefully assess possible moderating effects prevention/intervention approaches, including individual differences sex/gender, personality traits impulsivity, varying patterns In addition, it would behoove researchers standardized control groups order understand better theoretical bases treatments have been developed.

Language: Английский

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Neurobiology of Substance Addictions

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 121 - 135

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

Earlier neurobiological models of substance addictions proposed that addiction is the product an imbalance between two separate, but interacting, neural systems: (1) impulsive and amygdala-striatum dependent system promotes automatic habitual behaviors, (2) a "reflective" prefrontal cortex for decision-making, forecasting future consequences behavior, inhibitory control. These reflective systems are analogous to Daniel Kahneman's model System I II thinking, or Behavioral Activation (BAS) Inhibition (BIS). Here, controls through several distinct mechanisms regulate impulses. However, this control not absolute – hyperactivity within can override system. Most prior research has focused either on (especially ventral striatum its mesolimbic dopamine projections) as mechanism promoting motivation drive seek drugs, (prefrontal cortex) decision-making impulse More recent evidence suggests largely overlooked structure, insula, also plays key role in maintaining (craving). Hence, triadic incorporates these three associated with archetypal behaviors addiction: craving, procure drug, poor lack control, deficits self-regulation.

Language: Английский

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Sensitization of Incentive Salience and the Transition to Addiction

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 23 - 37

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

Addiction is characterized by excessive desire for a particular substance or behavioral incentive at the expense of other life rewards. Addictive can develop even in absence any associated increase pleasure, and also withdrawal. Here we review evidence that brain mechanisms underlying 'wanting' operate independently from those mediating "liking." That is, "wanting" "liking" are mediated two anatomically neurochemically distinct normally interact together to influence motivation, but become dissociated transition addiction. Pleasure hedonic impact pleasant stimulus causally amplified system several functionally interactive distributed locations referred as "hedonic hotspots." These hotspots localized subregions within larger structures, relatively sensitive disruption. By contrast, subconscious reward reward-related cues much more robust, system. "Wanting" be generated dopamine enhancements well opioid broadly defined regions throughout mesocorticolimbic circuitry. In susceptible individuals, mesolimbic circuitry hyperreactive sensitized (e.g., through previous drug experience), so "rewards" their related evoke greater release "wanting." Sensitized becomes harder resist, which spur on compulsive pursuit relapse Importantly, this sensitization systems need not accompanied an enhancement (i.e., manipulations do appear effect pleasure). chapter, highlight possible how some drugs behaviors specific focus narrow pursuit, usually involving interactions with areas such amygdala. Further demonstrate addictions food addiction gambling, like addiction,

Language: Английский

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Human Neurobiological Approaches to Hedonically Motivated Behaviors

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 53 - 61

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

Neuroimaging techniques have rapidly expanded our understanding of how the brain responds to addiction in humans. This chapter will discuss methods used assess response, data is analyzed, and it can be better understand addiction. Foundational inferences drawn from these study design. Common designs employed human neuroimaging research are discussed, including cross-sectional designs, longitudinal/cohort experimental designs. A description various their strengths weaknesses included: functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron-emission tomography, electroencephalogram, magnetoencephalography, structural MRI, resting state fMRI. Given its popularity research, discussion MRI includes details on paradigm design analysis as well some common oversights processing interpretation results.

Language: Английский

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Feedback Models for Gambling Control: The Use and Efficacy of Online Responsible Gambling Tools

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 333 - 339

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

Social responsibility in gambling has become a major issue for the gaming industry. This been coupled with rise of behavioural tracking technologies that allow companies to track every decision and action made by gamblers on online sites, slot machines, and/or any type utilizes player cards. chapter number distinct but related aims including: (a) brief overview behavioral accompanied critique both advantages disadvantages such industry researchers; (b) results from series studies completed using data evaluate efficacy responsible tools (particularly relation concerning use social as limit setting, pop-up messaging, personalized feedback gamblers).

Language: Английский

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Appetitive Needs and Addiction

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 3 - 11

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

The role of appetitive needs in the etiology addiction is described this chapter, including consideration typologies needs, how need-satiation cycles may cross over into addiction, and factors that facilitate dysregulation effects. An overview an Associational Memory-Appetitive System Relations Model (AMASR) presented. constituents model are include neurobiological vulnerability, lifestyle pushes (stresses) pulls (seductions), associative learning relations among addiction-related cues with subjective perception fulfillment, memory for alternative behaviors, all which interact lead to addictive or nonaddictive behavior.

Language: Английский

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Substance and Behavioral Addictions Assessment Instruments

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 87 - 105

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

Efficient and organized assessment of addiction is essential for research, treatment planning, referral to specialized services. The goal this chapter provide basic concepts examples formalized substance nonsubstance (behavioral) addictions including: alcohol other drug use, food/eating, gambling, exercise, sex/love, internet use. Measures reliability validity are discussed each measure presented include self-report measures, interviews, screening instruments diagnostic tools. also relates measures the criteria diagnosis using Diagnostic Statistical Manual Mental Disorders where appropriate. Current gaps in research on conceptualization operationalization relation development, testing effectiveness tools behavioral addictions.

Language: Английский

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Qualitative Approaches to the Study of Substance and Behavioral Addictions

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106 - 118

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

This chapter provides an overview of qualitative research methods in substance and behavioral addictions practice. It discusses the nature importance methodologies iterating how individual perspectives, social meanings, lived experiences impact addictions. Methods addressed include ethnography, participant nonparticipant observation, interviews, focus groups, participatory action (PAR), empirical evidence context is provided. Additionally, a brief summary each method generally understood advantages disadvantages are given. Data analysis techniques covered grounded theory, narrative discourse analysis, thematic analysis. Lastly, major contributions to field regarding on hard-to-reach marginalized populations, evaluating treatment intervention services, measuring risk behaviors, investigating barriers programs, conceptualizing motivational emotional components addiction, aiding formation diagnostic criterion reviewed.

Language: Английский

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