Camera Traps Reveal Variation in Diel Activity Patterns among Different Sex-Age Classes in Brown Bears in Hokkaido

Mammal Study, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49(4)

Published: Sept. 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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Understanding Species–Habitat Associations: A Case Study with the World’s Bears

Land, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 180 - 180

Published: Jan. 23, 2022

Habitat modeling is one of the most common practices in ecology today, aimed at understanding complex associations between species and an array environmental, bioclimatic, anthropogenic factors. This review studies seven terrestrial bears (Ursidae) occupying four continents examines how habitat models have been employed, functionality their predictions for management conservation. Bear occurrence data obtained population level, as presence points (e.g., sign surveys or camera trapping), locations individual radio-collared animals. Radio-collars provide greater insights into interact with environment variability within populations; they are more commonly used North America Europe than South Asia. Salient problematic issues apparent from this included: biases data; predictor variables being poor surrogates actual behavioral drivers; applied a biologically inappropriate scale; over-use repositories that tend to detach investigators species. In several cases, multiple same area yielded different predictions; new occurred outside range predicted suitable habitat; future projections, based on where presently exist, underestimated adaptability. Findings here likely relevant other taxa.

Language: Английский

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Spatial–Temporal Patterns of Sympatric Asiatic Black Bears (Ursus thibetanus) and Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) in Northeastern China

Animals, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 1262 - 1262

Published: May 14, 2022

Studying the spatial and temporal interactions between sympatric animal species is essential for understanding mechanisms of interspecific coexistence. Both Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) brown arctos) inhabit northeastern China, but their spatial-temporal patterns mechanism coexistence were unclear until now. Camera traps set in Heilongjiang Taipinggou National Nature Reserve (TPGNR) from January 2017 to December collect photos two bear species. The Pianka index, kernel density estimation, coefficient overlap used analyze Our findings indicated that was low, as occupied higher elevations than bears. species' activity similar at sites where only one existed, yet they different co-occurrence sites. are competitors this area, can coexist by changing daily patterns. Compared bears, behaved more diurnally. study revealed distinct differentiation within TPGNR, which reduce competition facilitate them.

Language: Английский

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Escaping heat and anthropogenic pressures? Asiatic black bear denning behavior in its westernmost global range

Ursus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2023(34e12)

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

The range of the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) extends in its western limits to southeastern Iran where species lives arid mountainous landscapes low densities. A better understanding adaptations this threatened subspecies, Baluchistan (U. t. gedrosianus), these harsh environmental conditions is necessary devise conservation action. Here, we investigated use and characteristics dens Hormozgan Province, one critical components life cycle. We detected 12 caves monitored them from 2012 2021 using camera traps (1,972 trap-nights). obtained 138 detections, together with detections 8 other wildlife species, dens. Our findings show that bears as heat probably anthropogenic refugia. Given importance for bear, suggest protecting areas human disturbances expanding efforts

Language: Английский

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Estimating body condition of Apennine brown bears using subjective scoring based on camera trap photographs

Mammal Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 69(3), P. 355 - 364

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract The assessment of animal body condition has important practical and management implications for endangered wildlife populations. nutritional a population can be evaluated in non-invasive way using photogrammetry techniques, avoiding direct manipulation. This study evaluates the utility scoring (BCS) based on visual subcutaneous fat muscle from contour as method to quantify free ranging bears camera trap photographs. Photographs Apennine brown ( Ursus arctos marsicanus ), taken between 2007 2009 Abruzzo, Lazio Molise National Park (PNALM, Italy), were used evaluate potential this technique. BCS was performed 754 photographs representing 71 independent observations. Forty-eight these selected also score quantitative ratios standardised measure torso height. varied seasonally, expected by food availability bear physiology, it positively correlated all three ratios. Our findings indicate that is good proxy condition, data effectively assess monitor populations, such critically one central Italy.

Language: Английский

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Morphological disparity of mammalian limb bones throughout the Cenozoic: the role of biotic and abiotic factors

Palaeontology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 67(4)

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract Mammals exhibit ecology‐related diversity in long bone morphology, revealing an ample spectrum of adaptations both within and between clades. Their occupation unique ecological niches postcranial morphology is thought to have occurred at different chronological phases relation abiotic factors such as climate biotic interactions amongst major Mammalian morphologies rapidly evolved throughout the Cenozoic, with several orders following paths locomotory adaptations. We assessed morphological variation limb proportions for a rich sample extant fossil large mammalian clades (mainly carnivores ungulates) test associations identify temporal patterns diversification. Phylogenetic relationships among species were incorporated into analysis proportions, showing significant changes substrate preference. Major climatic events appeared no impact on diversification, expressed disparity, either or groups. Linear stochastic differential equations supported double‐wedge diversification model carnivorous (‘Creodonta’ Carnivora). The concomitant increase disparity Cenozoic Carnivora Artiodactyla had significative Perissodactyla supporting interaction primary driver Our findings challenge classic idea driving forces evolution terrestrial mammals, propose clade competition key factor

Language: Английский

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Characteristics of sun bear chest marks and their patterns of individual variation

Ursus, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2020(31e19)

Published: Jan. 11, 2021

Animal coloration is widely involved in a variety of social interactions, and mammals can convey information to conspecifics by visual signals, such as colored or contrasting body marks. The sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) has vibrant unusual chest mark. Here, we describe the characteristics marks their patterns individual variation (1) sex, (2) time, (3) some biochemistry values related fur pigmentation. Sun pictures were taken from 2009 2018 at Bornean Bear Conservation Centre Free Bears sanctuary. We hypothesize that may serve conspecific communication and, thus, mainly expect (a) these allow for sexual recognition they should show remarkable differences sex; (b) do not change over time because consistency allows easier intraspecific recognition; (c) be dependent on age and/or physical condition an individual. most common shapes (n = 63 M 108 F) U (M 60.3%, F 57.4%) V 31.8%, 32.4%) shapes. did detect shape sex years, mark never changed same 49 individuals, 16 33 F). number dark dots showed large amounts (mean ± SD 37.7 26.8 dots; range 1–143), quantity increased with age. complexity might existence complex interactions among individuals species, which evaluation characteristics, health. Experimental approaches are needed understand potential functions

Language: Английский

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Forced sympatry? Spatiotemporal interactions of ursids, the Himalayan brown bear and the Asiatic black bear, along a gradient of anthropic disturbances in Western Himalaya

Journal of Zoology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 321(1), P. 59 - 74

Published: June 12, 2023

Abstract The coexistence of species with similar ecological niches implies that must segregate along one or more niche axes in order to avoid competition. Partitioning time, space, resources is an essential dimension which competitor tend coexist. intensity interspecific competition may vary under varying anthropogenic pressures, but such knowledge scarce. We investigated the co‐occurrence patterns two bear species, Asiatic Black Bear Ursus thibetanus and Himalayan Brown arctos isabellinus , at sites Western region India conditions pressures. Camera trap datasets from Great National Park (GHNP) Himachal Pradesh Bhagirathi basin Uttarakhand were used assess interactions. interaction models kernel density estimates understand pattern their interactions humans. Our results provide insights into spatiotemporal behavior reveal sympatric allopatric relationships different environments. found (1) a prominent association between (98%) indicating spatial overlap GHNP, separation among (93%) (2). In spatially co‐occurring be temporarily segregated, whereas Bhagirathi, they showed avoidance activity (3). human activities alpine habitat had significant negative impact on brown presence. comparative study revealed uses forested habitats GHNP due high disturbances areas, no was observed comparatively low disturbances. highlight that, addition biological factors, pressures can also influence

Language: Английский

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Signal detection theory applied to giant pandas: Do pandas go out of their way to make sure their scent marks are found?

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Inter-animal communication allows signals released by an animal to be perceived others. Scent-marking is the primary mode of such in giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Signal detection theory propounds that animals choose substrate and location their scent marks so are transmitted more widely last longer. We believe trade-off scent-marking because they energetically marginal species it costly generate mark chemical signals. Existing studies only indicate where frequently, but selection preferences remain unknown. This study investigates whether marking behavior consistent with signal theory. Feces count, reflecting habitat use intensity, was combined count determine preference for marking. The results showed preferred ridges trails most marked tree were locally dominant. In addition, plots selected lower energy consumption a higher chance being detected. Over 90% used longest-surviving anogenital gland secretion marks, over 80% oriented toward trails. Our research demonstrates go out way make sure found. not sheds light on mechanisms also guides us precise conservation panda habitat.

Language: Английский

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New material of Amphicyon zhanxiangi from laogou, linxia basin suggests a possible southern dispersal with increasing omnivory

Historical Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 34(5), P. 857 - 864

Published: July 7, 2021

The fossil records of large amphicyonids in Asia are rare and fragmentary, their evolution dispersal also unclear. Here we present new dental material from Laogou, Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, belonging to the Hujialiang Formation, Middle Miocene. is very similar Amphicyon zhanxiangi Dingjia'ergou fauna Zhang'enbao Tongxin, Ningxia, can be referred this species. It younger than Tongxin differs latter by having better-distinguished cusps upper molars, supporting species probably ancestor omnivorous Arctamphicyon found Siwaliks, Yuanmou, Lower Irrawaddy. This lineage might immigrate southern southeastern Late Miocene, adapted an increasing diet due more available plant tropical subtropical regions.

Language: Английский

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