The need to step-up monitoring of Asian bears

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35, P. e02087 - e02087

Published: March 9, 2022

Many wildlife species are threatened in Asia, including the five of terrestrial bears (Asiatic black, Ursus thibetanus; brown, U. arctos; sloth, Melursus ursinus; sun, Helarctos malayanus; giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca): many populations these thought to be declining or imperiled by small population size. Here our aim is document how assessments have been conducted for Asia. We searched literature and identified 102 studies published during 1999–2021 that investigated status an Asian bear population; occurred 24 32 range countries At most basic level, 11% verified presence places where they were not known exist. The common objective (53% papers) was a distribution map, often derived from locations habitat-based model. Occupancy (15%) used temporal (time stamps on images cameras) spatial (transect segments) replicates, but tended focus "use", so detector spacing sometimes appropriate occupancy. Purported indices, such as sign density camera trap encounter rates, reported 16% studies. One third provided estimate, only 10 two decades rigorous method (e.g., mark–recapture). Sign surveys interviews methods determining presence, local heavily relied upon assessing trend. Camera trapping has become increasingly prevalent, one study obtained estimate using photographs distinguish natural individual markings. Only three hair traps obtain DNA-based estimates, other estimates DNA scats. Just quantitatively measured change size occupancy over time, none showed decline. Unique rangewide pandas significant geographic expansion. opinions experts people, now assessments, reliable sensitive enough monitoring. Quantitative desirable direct conservation actions toward perilous situations, provide means gauge effectiveness actions. This paper demonstrates paucity monitoring bears, leads off series papers propose improved distribution, occupancy, density.

Language: Английский

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Habitat occupancy of sloth bear Melursus ursinus in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(3)

Published: March 1, 2022

Mammals have experienced a massive decline in their populations and geographic ranges worldwide. The sloth bear, Melursus ursinus (Shaw, 1791), is one of many species facing conservation threats. Despite being endangered Nepal, decades inattention to the situation hindered management. We assessed distribution patterns habitat use by bears Chitwan National Park (CNP), Nepal. conducted sign surveys from March June, 2020, 4 × km grids (n = 45). collected detection/non-detection data along 4-km trail that was divided into 20 continuous segments 200 m each. obtained environmental, ecological, anthropogenic covariates understand determinants bear occupancy. were analyzed using single-species single-season occupancy method, with spatially correlated detection. Using repeated observations, these models accounted for imperfect detectability provide robust estimates model-averaged estimate 69% detection probability 0.25. increased presence termites fruits rugged, dry, open, undisturbed habitats. Our results indicate elusive, functionally unique, widespread CNP. Future interventions action plans aimed at management must adequately consider requirements.

Language: Английский

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Forced sympatry? Spatiotemporal interactions of ursids, the Himalayan brown bear and the Asiatic black bear, along a gradient of anthropic disturbances in Western Himalaya

Journal of Zoology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 321(1), P. 59 - 74

Published: June 12, 2023

Abstract The coexistence of species with similar ecological niches implies that must segregate along one or more niche axes in order to avoid competition. Partitioning time, space, resources is an essential dimension which competitor tend coexist. intensity interspecific competition may vary under varying anthropogenic pressures, but such knowledge scarce. We investigated the co‐occurrence patterns two bear species, Asiatic Black Bear Ursus thibetanus and Himalayan Brown arctos isabellinus , at sites Western region India conditions pressures. Camera trap datasets from Great National Park (GHNP) Himachal Pradesh Bhagirathi basin Uttarakhand were used assess interactions. interaction models kernel density estimates understand pattern their interactions humans. Our results provide insights into spatiotemporal behavior reveal sympatric allopatric relationships different environments. found (1) a prominent association between (98%) indicating spatial overlap GHNP, separation among (93%) (2). In spatially co‐occurring be temporarily segregated, whereas Bhagirathi, they showed avoidance activity (3). human activities alpine habitat had significant negative impact on brown presence. comparative study revealed uses forested habitats GHNP due high disturbances areas, no was observed comparatively low disturbances. highlight that, addition biological factors, pressures can also influence

Language: Английский

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Investigating Co-occurrence among Look-alike Species: The Case of Three Bears in Northeast India

Diversity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 717 - 717

Published: Aug. 29, 2022

At the most basic level, assessment of a species’ status involves knowing where it occurs. Determining presence rare species is difficult, and can be further confounded by more common look-alike species. We investigated one few places in world three bears have been reported to co-occur at fine scale: Balpakram National Park, Meghalaya, India. Asiatic black (Ursus thibetanus) are fairly common, we sought determine whether sun (Helarctos malayanus) and/or sloth (Melursus ursinus) also resided there. The local Garo language has words for types bears, some people continued small type bear, possibly but probable extirpation bears. Because these look somewhat alike, government forest officers could not provide convincing accounts than measured claw marks on climbed trees, method used differentiate from both known occur; however, this turned out unreliable detecting their was unknown because bear-sized distinguishable juvenile recommend targeted camera trapping near recent purported sightings other two bear

Language: Английский

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Habitat suitability modelling of Melursus ursinus (Shaw, 1791) (Mammalia: Carnivora) in the Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Journal of Animal Diversity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(3), P. 31 - 43

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Habitat suitability modelling of Melursus ursinus (Shaw, 1791) (Mammalia: Carnivora) in the Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Language: Английский

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Prospects for Derivatives of Game Animals

Food Processing Techniques and Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 415 - 425

Published: June 23, 2023

Game animals are a source of biologically active substances that requires strict resource and biodiversity control. The research objective was to analyze three years supply, demand, export, import for brown bear, deer, musk deer by-products. review featured Russian foreign articles on game published in 2016–2020, as well customs information imports exports this raw material. methods included systematization, analysis, description. population bears the Federation is constantly growing. In 2018, it increased by 4% compared 2017. Bear derivatives high demand China, Italy, France, etc. total number importers 2019 exceeded 25. 2017, products were most popular exported from Russia 35 countries. biggest importer China. volume maintained same value, but list changed. 2019, export 1.4 times, importing countries reached 50. leading exporter materials bears, deer. market actively developing. An increase predatory animals, e.g., may adversely affect local ecosystems, which can be prevented licensed hunting. content makes possible use new functional products.

Language: Английский

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Seeking Sustainable Solutions in a Time of Change

Land, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 851 - 851

Published: June 6, 2022

Global change is impacting our lives in many ways [...]

Language: Английский

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