Embodied and Enactive Approaches to Cognition

Published: July 11, 2023

This Element discusses contemporary theories of embodied cognition, including what has been termed the '4Es' (embodied, embedded, extended and enactive cognition). It examines diverse approaches to questions about nature mind, mind's relation brain, perceptual experience, mental representation, sense making, role environment, social it considers strengths weaknesses in question. contrasts views with classic cognitivism, major criticisms their possible resolutions. element also provides a strong focus on theory prospects for integrating other theories, mediated through recent developments predictive processing free energy principle. concludes brief discussion practical applications cognition. title is available as Open Access Cambridge Core.

Language: Английский

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The Computational Theory of Mind

Published: Nov. 13, 2023

The Computational Theory of Mind says that the mind is a computing system. It has long history going back to idea thought kind computation. Its modern incarnation relies on analogies with contemporary technology and use computational models. comes in many versions, some more plausible than others. This Element supports theory primarily by its contribution solving mind-body problem, ability explain mental phenomena, success modelling artificial intelligence. To be turned into an adequate theory, it needs made compatible tractability cognition, situatedness dynamical aspects mind, way brain works, intentionality, consciousness.

Language: Английский

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Animal Minds

Published: March 7, 2024

Animal minds are complex and diverse, making them difficult to study. This Element focuses on a question that has received much attention in the field of comparative cognition: 'Do animals reason about unobservable variables like force mental states?' The shows how researchers design studies gather evidence address this question. Despite many virtues current methods, hypotheses cognition often underdetermined by empirical evidence. Given this, philosophers scientists have recently called for additional behavioral constraints theorizing field. endorses proposal (known as 'signature testing'), while also arguing animal would benefit from drawing more heavily neuroscience biology.

Language: Английский

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Neurolaw

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Neurolaw is an area of interdisciplinary research on the meaning and implications neuroscience for law legal practices. This Element addresses potential contributions neuroscience, brain sciences more generally, to criminal justice decision-making policy. It distinguishes between three different areas domains investigation in neurolaw: assessment, intervention, revision. The first concerns brain-based assessments, which may be used predicting future violence, lie detection, judging insanity, like. second treatments other interventions that aim at rehabilitating criminals and/or preventing crime before it occurs. third investigates ways impact by changing or revising commonsense views about human nature causes action.

Language: Английский

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Human Reasoning

Published: May 20, 2024

This Element is on new developments in the psychology of reasoning that raise or address philosophical questions. In traditional studies reasoning, focus was inference from arbitrary assumptions and not at all beliefs, classical binary logic presupposed as only standard for human reasoning. But recently a Bayesian paradigm has emerged discipline. views ordinary mostly inferring probabilistic conclusions degrees hypothetical premises relevant to purpose hand, often about revising updating belief. also covers formulations dual-process theories mind, stating there are two types mental processing, one rapid intuitive shared with other animals, slow reflective more characteristic beings. The final topic covered rationality.

Language: Английский

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Memory and Remembering

Published: Nov. 13, 2023

This Element surveys research on three central and interrelated issues about the nature of memory remembering. The first is as a cognitive faculty. part discusses different strategies to distinguish from other faculties well proposed taxonomies differentiate distinct kinds memory. second issue concerns what does, which traditionally thought have simple answer: As it turns out, philosophers not only disagree how characterize remembering but also whether function indeed remember. Finally, third we remember-a question that may refer object our memories their content, with views disagreeing relationship between two.

Language: Английский

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Mental Content

Published: Aug. 12, 2023

This Element provides a comprehensive introduction to contemporary theories of mental content. After clarifying central concepts and identifying the questions that dominate current debate, it presents discusses principal accounts nature content (or representation), which include causal, informational, teleological structuralist approaches, alongside phenomenal intentionality approach intentional stance theory. Additionally, examines anti-representationalist question either existence or explanatory relevance Finally, concludes by considering some recent developments in debate about content, specifically “explanatory turn” its implications for representations basic cognitive systems representational character empirical cognition.

Language: Английский

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Affective Bodily Awareness

Published: Sept. 28, 2023

Most accounts of bodily self-awareness focus on its sensory and agentive dimensions, tracking the origins our special relationship with own body in way we gain information about it act it. However, they often neglect a fundamental dimension subjective life, namely, affective dimension. This Element will discuss through filter significance. It is organized around four core themes: (i) between awareness action instrumental protective contexts, (ii) motivational role pain interoception, (iii) sense ownership relation to value for survival, (iv) anchoring peripersonal egocentric awareness. title also available as Open Access Cambridge Core.

Language: Английский

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Personal Identity and the Self

Published: Nov. 29, 2024

What are we? owns our thoughts and experiences? Are we anything at all? After an introduction, Section 2 assesses a 'no-bearer' theory of experience, the 'no-self' contention that self-representations about no real entity, before introducing positive hypothesis objects self-representations: 'animalist' claim biological organisms. 3 discusses classic challenge to animalism brain transplantation is something could survive but animal survive. This introduces alternatives animalism, as well animalist responses, including one which questions assumption psychology irrelevant organism persistence. 4 surveys 'thinking parts' problem conjoined twinning commisurotomy, also considered problematic for animalism. The interpretation these cases revisits bearers self-representation, relation biology psychology. title available Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Language: Английский

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Bayesian Models of the Mind

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Bayesian decision theory is a mathematical framework that models reasoning and decision-making under uncertain conditions. The paradigm originated as of how people should operate, not they actually operate. Nevertheless, cognitive scientists increasingly use it to describe the actual workings human mind. Over past few decades, science has produced impressive mental activity. postulate certain processes conform, or approximately norms. offered within have illuminated numerous phenomena, such perception, motor control, navigation. This Element provides self-contained introduction foundations science. It then explores what we can learn about mind from by scientists.

Language: Английский

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