What doesn’t kill us makes us stronger: insights from neuroscience studies and molecular genetics

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 59, P. 101431 - 101431

Published: July 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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A temporal network analysis of complex post-traumatic stress disorder and psychosis symptoms

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 55

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Background Symptoms of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (cPTSD) may play a role in the maintenance psychotic symptoms. Network analyses have shown interrelationships between sequelae and psychosis, but temporal dynamics these relationships people with psychosis history trauma remain unclear. We aimed to explore, using network analysis, order symptoms cPTSD (i.e. core PTSD disturbances self-organization [DSOs]) flow daily life. Methods Participants comorbid ( N = 153) completed an experience-sampling study involving multiple assessments (paranoia, voices, visions), (trauma-related intrusions, avoidance, hyperarousal), DSOs (emotional dysregulation, interpersonal difficulties, negative self-concept) over six consecutive days. Multilevel vector autoregressive modeling was used estimate three complementary networks representing different timescales. Results Our between-subjects suggested that, on average testing period, most related at least one positive symptom. Many persist contemporaneous network, indicating co-occur, especially paranoia hyperarousal self-concept. The that reciprocally predicted, predicted by, hyperarousal, self-concept, emotional dysregulation from moment moment. did not directly relate voices network. Conclusions mutually maintain each other trauma-exposed via current threat, consistent cognitive models PTSD. Current therefore, represents valuable treatment target phased-based trauma-focused interventions.

Language: Английский

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Mapping connections between complex post-traumatic stress disorder and psychotic-like experiences among adolescents: a Gaussian and Bayesian network study

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 55

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Background Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (cPTSD) is a newly recognized condition characterized by core PTSD symptoms and disturbances in self-organization (DSO) that has been associated with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). This study employs two psychopathology network approaches to identify which are related PLEs sample of late adolescents. We propose cPTSD play crucial role explaining the co-occurrence trauma PLEs. Methods A 1010 adolescents provided measures symptomatology estimated Gaussian graphical structure PTSD/cPTSD assessed their bridge centrality indices. Bayesian analysis was then used estimate directed acyclic graph (DAG). Gender set as moderator both models. Results show affect dysregulation, domain, presented highest connection PLE cluster. identified pathway going from items worthlessness relational paranoia social anxiety. Additionally, we found relevant gender differences connectivity, females showing higher connectivity compared males. Conclusions Our findings highlight central dysregulation negative self-concept linking symptoms, specific according gender. These insights underscore need for targeted, gender-sensitive prevention treatment among adolescents, emphasizing early intervention tailored strategies.

Language: Английский

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Association Between Specific Childhood Adversities and Symptom Dimensions in People With Psychosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Schizophrenia Bulletin, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 47(4), P. 975 - 985

Published: Dec. 24, 2020

Abstract Despite the accepted link between childhood abuse and positive psychotic symptoms, findings other adversities, such as neglect, remaining dimensions in people with psychosis have been inconsistent, evidence not yet reviewed quantitatively. The aim of this study was to systematically examine quantitatively association broadly defined adversity (CA), (sexual/physical/emotional), neglect (physical/emotional) subtypes, positive, negative, depressive, manic, disorganized those psychosis. A search conducted across EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Cochrane Libraries using terms related population, CA, psychopathological dimensions. After reviewing for relevance, data were extracted, synthesized, meta-analyzed. Forty-seven papers identified, including 7379 cases 40 studies examining 37 20 9 disorganized, 13 manic adjustment publication bias, general positively associated all (ranging from r = 0.08 0.24). Most forms depressive 0.16 0.32), 0.14 0.16), (r 0.13), negative 0.05 0.09), while only 0.13) 0.20). When heterogeneity found, it tended be explained by one specific study. dimension influenced percentage women 0.83 1.36) poor-quality scores −0.21 −0.059). Quality judged fair overall. Broadly increase transdimensional severity. Being exposed during seems exclusively suggesting effects.

Language: Английский

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Deconstructing pathways to resilience: A systematic review of associations between psychosocial mechanisms and transdiagnostic adult mental health outcomes in the context of adverse childhood experiences

Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(5), P. 1626 - 1654

Published: March 10, 2022

Abstract Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are identified with increased risk of adult mental health difficulties and negative impacts on well‐being. However, there is a need to go beyond simple associations identify candidate mechanisms underpinning the ACEs–mental relationship. Further methodological heterogeneity points issues around operationalization ACEs importance modelling data using robust research designs. The aim current review was synthesize studies that utilized formal mediation and/or moderation analyses explore psychological social variables pathway between clearly defined (as measured by ACE questionnaire Childhood Trauma Questionnaire [CTQ]) common outcomes (depressive, anxiety post‐traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptoms) across community samples aged over 18. A total 31 papers were retrieved for critical appraisal. majority explored factors mediating/moderating link child adversity depression less trauma. Most tested in only single studies, limiting consistency evidence. Evidence indicated underlying likely reflect multiple intervening variables. Further, substantial limitations extant literature including proliferation causal inferences from cross‐sectional designs both measurement conceptual operationalizing adversity. Consistent transdiagnostic relevant problems identified, perceived support, emotion regulation cognitive appraisals/beliefs. longitudinal design required delineate potential contribution mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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A systematic review and meta‐analysis investigating the impact of childhood adversities on the mental health of LGBT+ youth

JCPP Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(2)

Published: May 10, 2022

The presence of trauma as a backdrop to the lives LGBT+ youth has been recognised in recent literature. report higher frequency, severity and pervasiveness adverse childhood experiences when compared their heterosexual cisgender counterparts. This exposure directly related an increased risk mental health problems.

Language: Английский

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Trauma and psychosis: a qualitative study exploring the perspectives of people with psychosis on the influence of traumatic experiences on psychotic symptoms and quality of life

BMC Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: March 24, 2022

Despite experiencing high rates of trauma and trauma-related conditions, people with psychosis are seldomly asked about possible traumatic events. While there some barriers to discussing in clinical services, research has shown that disclosure is not only but also beneficial both psychotic symptoms. The current study the first evaluate service users' perception influence on development maintenance their symptoms, as well views how life mental health have been affected by events (or lack of).Eleven participants experiences took part semi-structured interviews.Consistently previous literature, our reported interpersonal trauma, had rarely opportunity discuss any these Using thematic analysis, we identified three major themes important implications for healthcare: factors facilitate or hinder talking trauma; consequences not; relationship between psychosis. Participants generally benefited from concerningly often associated prolonged opportunities negative feelings towards self a deterioration health. recognised direct links past traumas content characteristics experiences.Our findings highlight importance, perceived users, looking at through "trauma lens". These results stress need systematically assess history symptoms might potentially help overcome clinicians' worries users. Our underscore change practice implement trauma-informed approaches understand clients' difficulties provide support.

Language: Английский

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Psychosocial stress, interpersonal sensitivity, and social withdrawal in clinical high risk for psychosis: a systematic review

Schizophrenia, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: June 17, 2023

Stress has repeatedly been implicated in the onset and exacerbation of positive symptoms psychosis. Increasing interest is growing for role psychosocial stress development psychosis individuals at Clinical High Risk (CHR) A systematic review was therefore conducted to summarize existing evidence base regarding stress, interpersonal sensitivity, social withdrawal CHR An electronic search Ovid (PsychINFO, EMBASE, MEDLINE, GLOBAL HEALTH) until February 2022. Studies that examined were included. Twenty-nine studies eligible inclusion. Psychosocial higher compared healthy controls there some their association with Two types stressors found occur more frequently status, namely daily stressors, early recent trauma, while significant life events did not appear be significant. Greater exposure emotional abuse, perceived discrimination significantly increased risk transition CHR. No sensitivity on This provides withdrawal, status. Further investigating impact symptom expression its effects are warranted.

Language: Английский

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Examining associations, moderators and mediators between childhood maltreatment, social functioning, and social cognition in psychotic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 53(13), P. 5909 - 5932

Published: July 17, 2023

Abstract Childhood maltreatment (CM) has been related to social functioning and cognition impairment in people with psychotic disorders (PD); however, evidence across different CM subtypes domains remains less clear. We conducted a systematic review meta-analysis quantify associations between CM, overall its (physical/emotional/sexual abuse, physical/emotional neglect), of adults PD. also examined moderators mediators these associations. A PRISMA-compliant search was performed on 24 November 2022 (PROSPERO CRD42020175244). Fifty-three studies ( N = 13 635 individuals PD) were included qualitative synthesis, which 51 260) 125 effects sizes pooled meta-analyses. found that negatively associated global interpersonal relations, positively aggressive behaviour, but unrelated independent living or occupational functioning. There no meta-analytic cognition. Meta-regression analyses did not identify any consistent moderation pattern. Narrative synthesis identified sex timing as potential moderators, depressive symptoms maladaptive personality traits possible outcomes. Associations small magnitude limited number assessing are available. Nevertheless, PD at risk problems after exposure, an effect observed multiple subtypes, domains, diagnoses illness stages. Maltreated may thus benefit from trauma-related psychosocial interventions targeting relationships

Language: Английский

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Redox and Immune Signaling in Schizophrenia: New Therapeutic Potential

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(5), P. 309 - 321

Published: March 28, 2023

Redox biology and immune signaling play major roles in the body, including brain function. A rapidly growing literature also suggests that redox abnormalities are implicated neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder, autism, epilepsy. In this article we review literature, its implications for pathophysiology of SZ, potential development novel treatment interventions targeting signaling. complex not fully understood; addition, there discrepancies especially patient-oriented studies. Nevertheless, it is clear arise SZ from an interaction between genetic environmental factors during sensitive periods development, these disrupt local circuits long-range connectivity. Interventions correct may be effective normalizing function psychotic disorders, early phases illness.

Language: Английский

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