Schemas, reinforcement learning and the medial prefrontal cortex

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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Identifying Transdiagnostic Mechanisms in Mental Health Using Computational Factor Modeling

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 93(8), P. 690 - 703

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

Language: Английский

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Emotions as computations

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 144, P. 104977 - 104977

Published: Nov. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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The role of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex in creating cognitive maps

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 107 - 115

Published: Dec. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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Compulsivity is linked to suboptimal choice variability but unaltered reinforcement learning under uncertainty

Nature Mental Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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Transdiagnostic computations of uncertainty: towards a new lens on intolerance of uncertainty

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 148, P. 105123 - 105123

Published: March 11, 2023

People radically differ in how they cope with uncertainty. Clinical researchers describe a dispositional characteristic known as "intolerance of uncertainty", tendency to find uncertainty aversive, reported be elevated across psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions. Concurrently, recent research computational psychiatry has leveraged theoretical work characterise individual differences processing. Under this framework, people estimate different forms can contribute mental health difficulties. In review, we briefly outline the concept intolerance within its clinical context, argue that mechanisms underlying construct may further elucidated through modelling individuals make inferences about We will review evidence linking psychopathology computationally specified consider these findings might suggest distinct mechanistic routes towards also discuss implications approach for behavioural pharmacological interventions, well importance cognitive domains subjective experiences studying

Language: Английский

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Model-Based Planning Deficits in Compulsivity Are Linked to Faulty Neural Representations of Task Structure

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(30), P. 6539 - 6550

Published: June 15, 2021

Compulsive individuals have deficits in model-based planning, but the mechanisms that drive this not been established. We examined two candidates—that compulsivity is linked to (1) an impaired model of task environment and/or (2) inability engage cognitive control when making choices. To test this, 192 participants performed a two-step reinforcement learning with concurrent EEG recordings, and we related neural behavioral data their scores on self-reported transdiagnostic dimension compulsivity. examine subjects9 internal task, used established responses unexpected events [reaction time (RT) slowing, P300 wave, parietal-occipital alpha band power] measured transition occurred. assess control, probed theta power at initial choice. As expected, planning was greater (alpha power, P300) sensitivity rare transitions. Critically, sensitivities both RT structure were weaker those high This RT-compulsivity effect tested replicated independent pre-existing dataset (N = 1413). also found mid-frontal choice reduced highly compulsive though its relation less pronounced. These suggest may arise, least part, from having representation environment, specifically how actions lead future states. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Compulsivity poorer performance tasks require it unclear what precise underlie deficit. Do fail choice? Or do they difficulty building maintaining accurate foundation needed behave goal-directed manner? With reaction measures who decision-making are sensitive surprising action–state transitions, where slow down show suppression following transition. findings implicate failures world

Language: Английский

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Rethinking model-based and model-free influences on mental effort and striatal prediction errors

Nature Human Behaviour, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(6), P. 956 - 969

Published: April 3, 2023

Language: Английский

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Beliefs, compulsive behavior and reduced confidence in control

PLoS Computational Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. e1012207 - e1012207

Published: June 20, 2024

OCD has been conceptualized as a disorder arising from dysfunctional beliefs, such overestimating threats or pathological doubts. Yet, how these beliefs lead to compulsions and obsessions remains unclear. Here, we develop computational model examine the specific that trigger sustain compulsive behavior in simple symptom-provoking scenario. Our results demonstrate single belief disturbance–a lack of confidence effectiveness one’s preventive (harm-avoiding) actions–can maintain is directly linked compulsion severity. This distrust can further explain number seemingly unrelated phenomena OCD, including role not-just-right feelings, link intolerance uncertainty, perfectionism, overestimation threat, deficits reversal state learning. simulations shed new light on which underlying drive highlight important perceived ability exert control for OCD.

Language: Английский

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Humans perseverate on punishment avoidance goals in multigoal reinforcement learning

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 24, 2022

Managing multiple goals is essential to adaptation, yet we are only beginning understand computations by which navigate the resource demands entailed in so doing. Here, sought elucidate how humans balance reward seeking and punishment avoidance goals, relate this variation its expression within anxious individuals. To do so, developed a novel multigoal pursuit task that includes trial-specific instructed either pursue (without risk of punishment) or avoid opportunity for reward). We constructed computational model quantify degree participants could disengage from when to, as well devote less model-based resources toward were abundant. In general, (n = 192) flexible avoiding than pursuing reward. Thus, reward, often persisted features had previously been associated with punishment, even though at decision time these unambiguously benign. similar vein, showed no significant downregulation abundant task. Importantly, show preliminary evidence individuals chronic worry may have difficulty disengaging seek Taken together, findings demonstrate people flexibly they Future studies should test larger samples whether contributes worry.

Language: Английский

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