Reducing the burden of psychological questionnaire measures through selective item re-weighting DOI Creative Commons
Toby Wise, Nura Sidarus

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Questionnaire measures are central to many areas of study within the psychological sciences. However, they often place a heavy burden on participants; questionnaires frequently lengthy and unengaging, with participants required complete multiple single study, this results in lower data quality, increased cost poor participant experience. Here, we introduce straightforward method for creating short versions existing that able accurately determine participants’ sum scores, subscale scores or factor scores. Our method, referred as Factor Score Item Reduction Lasso Estimator, uses Lasso-regularized regression select items weight them such true can be predicted from reduced item set. We demonstrate performance an example dataset, provide code guidance implementing approach.

Language: Английский

Early-initiated childhood reading for pleasure: associations with better cognitive performance, mental well-being and brain structure in young adolescence DOI Creative Commons

Yun-Jun Sun,

Barbara J. Sahakian, Christelle Langley

et al.

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 54(2), P. 359 - 373

Published: June 28, 2023

Childhood is a crucial neurodevelopmental period. We investigated whether childhood reading for pleasure (RfP) was related to young adolescent assessments of cognition, mental health, and brain structure.

Language: Английский

Citations

25
An observational treatment study of metacognition in anxious-depression DOI Creative Commons
Celine A Fox, Chi Tak Lee,

Anna Kathleen Hanlon

et al.

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: July 13, 2023

Prior studies have found metacognitive biases are linked to a transdiagnostic dimension of anxious-depression, manifesting as reduced confidence in performance. However, previous work has been cross-sectional and so it is unclear if under-confidence trait-like marker anxious-depression vulnerability, or resolves when improves. Data were collected part large-scale transdiagnostic, four-week observational study individuals initiating internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) antidepressant medication. Self-reported clinical questionnaires perceptual task performance gathered assess bias at baseline 4-week follow-up. Primary analyses conducted for who received iCBT (n=649), with comparisons between smaller samples that medication (n=82) control group receiving no intervention (n=88). treatment, severity was associated the arm, replicating work. From follow-up, levels significantly reduced, this accompanied by significant increase arm (β=0.17, SE=0.02, p<0.001). These changes correlated (r(647)=-0.12, p=0.002); those greatest reductions had largest confidence. While three-way interaction effect time on not (F(2, 1632)=0.60, p=0.550), increased (β=0.31, SE = 0.08, p<0.001), but among controls (β=0.11, 0.07, p=0.103). Metacognitive state-dependent; symptoms improve does Our results suggest specific type intervention.

Language: Английский

Citations

24
Cognitive offloading is value-based decision making: Modelling cognitive effort and the expected value of memory DOI Creative Commons
Sam J. Gilbert

Cognition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 247, P. 105783 - 105783

Published: April 6, 2024

How do people decide between maintaining information in short-term memory or offloading it to external reminders? does this affect subsequent memory? This article presents a simple computational model based on two principles: A) items stored brain-based occupy its limited capacity, generating an opportunity cost; B) reminders incur small physical-action cost, but capacity is effectively unlimited. These costs are balanced against the value of remembering, which determines optimal strategy. Simulations reproduce many empirical findings, including: 1) preferential high-value items; 2) increased at higher loads; 3) can cause forgetting offloaded ('Google effect') 4) improved for other ('saving-enhanced memory'); 5) reduced saving-enhanced-memory effect when unreliable; 6) influence item-value: may preferentially offload and store additional low-value memory; 7) greatest sensitivity effort reminder-setting intermediate rather than highest/lowest levels task difficulty; 8) individuals with poorer ability. Therefore, value-based decision-making provides unifying account cognitive phenomena. results consistent opportunity-cost effort, explain why internal feels effortful not.

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Compulsivity is linked to suboptimal choice variability but unaltered reinforcement learning under uncertainty DOI
Junseok K. Lee, Marion Rouault, Valentin Wyart

et al.

Nature Mental Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Naturalistic reinforcement learning DOI Creative Commons
Toby Wise, Kara Emery, Angela Radulescu

et al.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 144 - 158

Published: Sept. 29, 2023

Humans possess a remarkable ability to make decisions within real-world environments that are expansive, complex, and multidimensional. Human cognitive computational neuroscience has sought exploit reinforcement learning (RL) as framework which explain human decision-making, often focusing on constrained, artificial experimental tasks. In this article, we review recent efforts use naturalistic approaches determine how humans in complex better approximate the real world, providing clearer picture of navigate challenges posed by decisions. These studies purposely embed elements complexity paradigms, rather than simplification, generating insights into processes likely underpin humans' multidimensional so successfully.

Language: Английский

Citations

21
Interoception in anxiety, depression, and psychosis: a review DOI Creative Commons
Paul M. Jenkinson, Aikaterini Fotopoulou, Agustín Ibáñez

et al.

EClinicalMedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 73, P. 102673 - 102673

Published: May 31, 2024

Research has examined the relationship between interoception and anxiety, depression, psychosis; however, it is unclear which aspects of have been systematically examined, what combined findings are, areas require further research. To answer these questions, we searched narratively synthesised relevant reviews, meta-analyses, theory papers (total n = 34). Existing systematic reviews meta-analyses (anxiety 2; depression psychosis 0), focus on cardiac interoceptive accuracy (heartbeat perception), indicate that heartbeat perception not impaired in anxiety or depression. Heartbeat might be poorer people with psychosis, but evidence needed. Other interoception, such as different body systems processing levels, studied reviewed. We highlight studies examining alternative bodily domains review efficacy interoception-based psychological interventions, make suggestions for future research.FundingWellcome Trust UK.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
A core component of psychological therapy causes adaptive changes in computational learning mechanisms DOI Creative Commons
Quentin Dercon, Sara Z. Mehrhof,

Timothy R. Sandhu

et al.

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 54(2), P. 327 - 337

Published: June 8, 2023

Abstract Background Cognitive distancing is an emotion regulation strategy commonly used in psychological treatment of various mental health disorders, but its therapeutic mechanisms are unknown. Methods 935 participants completed online reinforcement learning task involving choices between pairs symbols with differing reward contingencies. Half (49.1%) the sample was randomised to a cognitive self-distancing intervention and were trained regulate or ‘take step back’ from their emotional response feedback throughout. Established computational ( Q -learning) models then fit individuals' derive parameters capturing clarity choice values (inverse temperature) sensitivity positive negative (learning rates). Results improved performance, including when later tested on novel combinations without feedback. Group differences model-derived revealed that resulted clearer representations option (estimated 0.17 higher inverse temperatures). Simultaneously, caused increased 19% loss Exploratory analyses suggested this evolving shift by distanced participants: initially, more determined expected value symbols, as progressed, they became sensitive feedback, evidence for difference strongest end training. Conclusions Adaptive effects computations underlie may explain benefits distancing. Over time practice, improve symptoms disorders promoting effective engagement information.

Language: Английский

Citations

16
Computational nanoscience and technology DOI Creative Commons
Amarjitsing Rajput, Ganesh Shevalkar,

Krutika Pardeshi

et al.

OpenNano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12, P. 100147 - 100147

Published: April 6, 2023

Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the most widely utilized field of science in human healthcare, tissue engineering, food agriculture. It has several advantages, such as superior surface area nano-sized molecular structure. Nanomaterial properties like elasticity, mechanical characteristics hardness, tensile strength, magnetic optical properties. capability to store high energy, which makes them applicable healthcare system. "Executable biology" is applied computational model physiological processes. These models have advantage computer simulation pharmacokinetic study. Because their potential power, they accepted pharmaceutical research. US-FDA tested manufacturing various equipment's that also can be used drug discovery manufacturing. create exact validated vitro vivo pharmacological systems, helps obtain faster, accurate more pertinent data. suffer from simplicity, versatility lack cumulative Multiscale simulations, ones based on coarse-graining, important areas for future More significantly, a collaboration between industry scientists involved this could assist work wherein dynamic simulations influence substantially. In review, different target identification via chemo genomic methods explained, advantages modeling over mathematical studied. focuses wide range techniques, biomedical applications challenges modelling. Finally, it gives brief account compounds studied using its perspectives.

Language: Английский

Citations

14
A levels-of-analysis framework for studying social emotions DOI
Hongbo Yu, Xiaoxue Gao, Bo Shen

et al.

Nature Reviews Psychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 198 - 213

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

5
A computational account of the development and evolution of psychotic symptoms DOI
Albert R. Powers, Peter Angelos,

Alexandria Bond

et al.

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

5