PFAS: forever chemicals—persistent, bioaccumulative and mobile. Reviewing the status and the need for their phase out and remediation of contaminated sites

Environmental Sciences Europe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(1)

Published: March 23, 2023

Abstract Background Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) have received increasing scientific political attention in recent years. Several thousand commercially produced compounds are used numerous products technical processes. Due to their extreme persistence the environment, humans all other life forms are, therefore, increasingly exposed these substances. In following review, PFAS will be examined comprehensively. Results The best studied carboxylic sulfonic acids with chain lengths of C4 C14, particularly perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) perfluorooctane (PFOS). These harmful aquatic fauna, insects, amphibians at concentrations a few µg/L or less, accumulate organisms, biomagnify food webs. Humans, as final link chains, subjected uptake primarily through drinking water. multiple toxic effects, affecting liver, kidney, thyroid, immune system. latter effect is basis for establishment tolerable weekly dose only 4.4 ng/kg body weight sum four representatives PFOA, PFOS, perfluorononanoic (PFNA) perfluorohexane (PFHxS) by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2020. Exposure estimates human biomonitoring show that this value frequently reached, many cases exceeded. major challenge analysis, especially waste: single-substance analyses capture fragment large, diverse family PFAS. As consequence, parameters gained importance. high mobility per makes soil groundwater pollution contaminated sites problem. general, short-chain more mobile than long-chain ones. Processes purification water treatment often ineffective expensive. Recycling PFAS-containing such paper packaging leads carryover contaminants. Incineration requires temperatures completely destroy After PFOS perfluorinated were regulated internationally, manufacturers users switched PFAS: representatives, per- oxo acids, telomeric alcohols acids. Analytical studies an increase environmental chemicals. Ultra-short (chain length C1–C3) not been well studied. Among others, trifluoroacetic (TFA) present globally rapidly concentrations. Conclusions substitution individual recognized hazardous possibly equally virtually unknown chronic toxicity can, solution. answer switch fluorine-free alternatives applications which essential.

Language: Английский

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PFAS: exploration of neurotoxicity and environmental impact

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(9), P. 12815 - 12831

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Neurotoxic Effects of Mixtures of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) at Environmental and Human Blood Concentrations

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 11, 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may cause various deleterious health effects. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between PFAS exposure adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The cytotoxicity, neurotoxicity, mitochondrial toxicity of up to 12 including perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, sulfonates, 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA), hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer (HPFO-DA) were tested at concentrations typically observed in the environment (e.g., wastewater, biosolids) human blood using high-throughput

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic disorders induced by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance mixtures in zebrafish larvae

Environment International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 176, P. 107977 - 107977

Published: May 15, 2023

Several per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been linked to metabolic disorders in organisms. However, few studies considered their combined effects, which would be more representative of PFAS occurring the environment. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed a mixture 18 at three environmentally relevant concentrations for 5 days assess bioconcentration consequences. The burdens ∑PFAS larvae 0.12, 1.58, 9.63 mg/kg 0.5, 5, 50 μg/L treatment groups, respectively. Exposure accelerated hatching larval heart rates, increased energy expenditure, reduced ATP levels glucose contents due decreased feed intake uptake. Metabolomic analysis revealed that exposure enhanced glycolysis but inhibited phospholipid synthesis, significantly expression lipid metabolism related genes (srebf1, acox, pparα), indicated β-oxidation. significant changes mitochondrial membrane potential, content, transcription involved respiratory chain (mfn2, ndufs1, atp5fa1, mt-nd1) DNA replication (18rs-rrn, polg1) suggested could cause dysfunction further disrupt pathways, ultimately causing larvae. These findings demonstrate importance assessing effects mixtures on early development wildlife humans.

Language: Английский

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Integrative multi-omics reveals analogous developmental neurotoxicity mechanisms between perfluorobutanesulfonic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid in zebrafish

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 457, P. 131714 - 131714

Published: May 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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Effects of developmental exposure to individual and combined PFAS on development and behavioral stress responses in larval zebrafish

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 349, P. 123912 - 123912

Published: April 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Utilization of Artificial Intelligence Coupled with a High-Throughput, High-Content Platform in the Exploration of Neurodevelopmental Toxicity of Individual and Combined PFAS

Journal of Xenobiotics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 24 - 24

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals used in various products, such as firefighting foams non-stick cookware, due to their resistance heat degradation. However, these same properties make them persistent the environment human body, raising public health concerns. This study selected eleven PFAS commonly found drinking water exposed Caenorhabditis elegans concentrations ranging from 0.1 200 µM assess neurodevelopmental toxicity using a high-throughput, high-content screening (HTS) platform coupled with artificial intelligence for image analysis. Our findings showed that 6:2 FTS, HFPO-DA, PFBA, PFBS, PFHxA, PFOS inhibited dopaminergic neuron activity, fluorescence intensity reductions observed across 100 µM. PFBS also disrupted synaptic transmission, causing reduced motility increased paralysis aldicarb-induced assays, most pronounced effects at higher concentrations. These impairments both activity function led behavioral deficits. Notably, was one of toxic PFAS, affecting multiple endpoints. results emphasize developmental risks exposure, highlighting impact individual compounds mixtures on neurodevelopment. knowledge is essential assessing PFAS-related informing mitigation strategies.

Language: Английский

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Neurotoxic effects of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) mixture exposure in mice: accumulations in brain and associated changes of behaviors, metabolome, and transcriptome

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 489, P. 137699 - 137699

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Language: Английский

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An environmentally relevant mixture of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) impacts proliferation, steroid hormone synthesis, and gene transcription in primary human granulosa cells

Toxicological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 200(1), P. 57 - 69

Published: April 11, 2024

Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of synthetic chemicals that resistant to biodegradation environmentally persistent. PFAS found in many consumer products major source water soil contamination. This study investigated the effects an relevant mixture (perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA], perfluorooctanesulfonic [PFOS], perfluorohexanesulfonic [PFHxS]) on transcriptome function human granulosa cells (hGCs). Primary hGCs were harvested from follicular aspirates healthy, reproductive-age women who undergoing oocyte retrieval for vitro fertilization. Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) was performed identify compounds pure fluid. Cells cultured vehicle control or (2 nM PFHxS, 7 PFOA, 10 PFOS) 96 h. Analyses cell proliferation/apoptosis, steroidogenesis, gene expression measured via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays/immunofluorescence, ELISA/western blotting, RNA sequencing/bioinformatics, respectively. PFOS, PFHxS detected 100% follicle fluid samples. Increased proliferation observed treated no impacts cellular apoptosis. The also altered steroid hormone synthesis, increasing both follicle-stimulating hormone-stimulated basal progesterone secretion concomitant upregulation STAR protein. sequencing revealed inherent differences transcriptomic profiles after exposure. demonstrates functional changes exposure mixture, improving our knowledge about exposures female reproductive health. These findings suggest can disrupt normal possible long-term consequences overall

Language: Английский

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Comparative toxicity assessment of alternative versus legacy PFAS: Implications for two primary trophic levels in freshwater ecosystems

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 477, P. 135269 - 135269

Published: July 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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