Soft Materials by Design: Unconventional Polymer Networks Give Extreme Properties

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121(8), P. 4309 - 4372

Published: April 12, 2021

Hydrogels are polymer networks infiltrated with water. Many biological hydrogels in animal bodies such as muscles, heart valves, cartilages, and tendons possess extreme mechanical properties including being extremely tough, strong, resilient, adhesive, fatigue-resistant. These also critical for hydrogels' diverse applications ranging from drug delivery, tissue engineering, medical implants, wound dressings, contact lenses to sensors, actuators, electronic devices, optical batteries, water harvesters, soft robots. Whereas numerous have been developed over the last few decades, a set of general principles that can rationally guide design using different materials fabrication methods various remain central need field materials. This review is aimed at synergistically reporting: (i) achieve physical properties, (ii) implementation strategies unconventional networks, (iii) future directions orthogonal multiple combined mechanical, physical, chemical, properties. Because these based on generic they applicable other elastomers organogels. Overall, will not only provide comprehensive systematic guidelines rational materials, but provoke interdisciplinary discussions fundamental question: why does nature select constitute major parts bodies?

Language: Английский

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Translational Applications of Hydrogels

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121(18), P. 11385 - 11457

Published: May 3, 2021

Advances in hydrogel technology have unlocked unique and valuable capabilities that are being applied to a diverse set of translational applications. Hydrogels perform functions relevant range biomedical purposes-they can deliver drugs or cells, regenerate hard soft tissues, adhere wet prevent bleeding, provide contrast during imaging, protect tissues organs radiotherapy, improve the biocompatibility medical implants. These make hydrogels useful for many distinct pressing diseases conditions even less conventional areas such as environmental engineering. In this review, we cover major hydrogels, with focus on novel benefits injectable how they relate applications medicine environment. We pay close attention development contemporary requires extensive interdisciplinary collaboration accomplish highly specific complex biological tasks from cancer immunotherapy tissue engineering vaccination. complement our discussion preclinical clinical mechanical design considerations needed scaling technologies application. anticipate readers will gain more complete picture expansive possibilities practical impactful differences across numerous fields

Language: Английский

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Understanding the inter-site distance effect in single-atom catalysts for oxygen electroreduction

Nature Catalysis, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(7), P. 615 - 622

Published: July 19, 2021

Language: Английский

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Hydrogel‐Based Flexible Electronics

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(14)

Published: Aug. 29, 2022

Abstract Flexible electronics is an emerging field of research involving multiple disciplines, which include but not limited to physics, chemistry, materials science, electronic engineering, and biology. However, the broad applications flexible are still restricted due several limitations, including high Young's modulus, poor biocompatibility, responsiveness. Innovative aiming for overcoming these drawbacks boost its practical application highly desirable. Hydrogel a class 3D crosslinked hydrated polymer networks, exceptional material properties render it as promising candidate next generation electronics. Here, latest methods synthesizing advanced functional hydrogels state‐of‐art hydrogel‐based in various fields reviewed. More importantly, correlation between hydrogel device performance discussed here, have better understanding development by using environmentally responsive hydrogels. Last, perspectives on current challenges future directions multifunctional provided.

Language: Английский

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Structural Transformation of Heterogeneous Materials for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121(21), P. 13174 - 13212

Published: Sept. 15, 2021

Electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen generation is a promising pathway renewable energy conversion and storage. One of the most important issues efficient to develop cost-effective highly electrocatalysts drive sluggish oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) at anode side. Notably, structural transformation such as surface oxidation metals or metal nonoxide compounds amorphization some oxides during OER have attracted growing attention in recent years. The investigation will contribute in-depth understanding accurate catalytic mechanisms finally benefit rational design materials with high activity. In this Review, we provide an overview heterogeneous obvious electrocatalysis. To gain insight into essence transformation, summarize driving forces critical factors that affect process. addition, advanced techniques are used probe chemical states atomic structures transformed surfaces also introduced. We then discuss structure active species relationship between performance properties materials. Finally, challenges prospects electrocatalysis presented.

Language: Английский

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A single-site iron catalyst with preoccupied active centers that achieves selective ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrate

Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 3522 - 3531

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Isolated Fe sites achieve enhanced intrinsic activity for nitrate electroreduction to ammonia with ∼100% selectivity, which effectively inhibit water dissociation through a nitrate-preoccupation mechanism.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in conductive hydrogels: classifications, properties, and applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52(2), P. 473 - 509

Published: Dec. 9, 2022

Hydrogel-based conductive materials for smart wearable devices have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent flexibility, versatility, and outstanding biocompatibility. This review presents the recent advances in multifunctional hydrogels electronic devices. First, with different components are discussed, including pure single network based on polymers, additional additives (i.e., nanoparticles, nanowires, nanosheets), double additives. Second, a variety of functionalities, self-healing, super toughness, self-growing, adhesive, anti-swelling, antibacterial, structural color, hydrophobic, anti-freezing, shape memory external stimulus responsiveness introduced detail. Third, applications flexible illustrated strain sensors, supercapacitors, touch panels, triboelectric nanogenerator, bioelectronic devices, robot). Next, current challenges facing summarized. Finally, an imaginative but reasonable outlook is given, which aims drive further development future.

Language: Английский

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Topology‐Controlled Hydration of Polymer Network in Hydrogels for Solar‐Driven Wastewater Treatment

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 32(52)

Published: Nov. 13, 2020

Abstract Solar‐driven interfacial evaporation provides a promising method for sustainable freshwater production. However, high energy consumption of vapor generation fundamentally restricts practicality solar‐driven wastewater treatment. Here facile strategy is reported to control the hydration polymer network in hydrogels, where densely cross‐linked polymers serving as framework are functionalized by highly hydratable polymeric network. The chains generates large amount weakly bounded water molecules, facilitating evaporation. As result, hydrogel‐based solar evaporator can extract from variety contaminants such salts, detergents, and heavy metal components using with long‐term durability stability. This work demonstrates an effective way tune interaction between materials at molecular level, well energy‐efficient treatment technology toward containing complex contaminants.

Language: Английский

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Surface Patterning of Two-Dimensional Nanostructure-Embedded Photothermal Hydrogels for High-Yield Solar Steam Generation

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 10366 - 10376

Published: June 10, 2021

Improving evaporation rate is extremely important to promote the application of solar steam generation in clean water production through seawater desalination. However, theoretical limit a normal two-dimensional (2D) photothermal evaporator only about 1.46 kg m–2 h–1. While 3D evaporators can break limit, they require much more raw materials. In this work, an effective approach for achieving high-yield via synergy 2D nanostructure-embedded all-in-one hybrid hydrogel and surface patterning reported. This improved surface-patterned able simultaneously lower enthalpy vaporization induce Marangoni effect near surface, thus delivering high 3.62 h–1, which than twice evaporator. offers cost-effective energy-efficient pathway mitigate shortages.

Language: Английский

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A physicochemical double cross-linked multifunctional hydrogel for dynamic burn wound healing: shape adaptability, injectable self-healing property and enhanced adhesion

Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 276, P. 120838 - 120838

Published: April 20, 2021

Language: Английский

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