Chemical Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(8), P. 2310 - 2316
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
A
paired
electrolysis
enabled
cascade
annulation
that
enables
the
efficient
synthesis
of
highly
functionalized
quinoline-substituted
bioactive
molecules
from
readily
available
starting
materials
is
reported.
Using
this
methodology,
two
goals,
namely,
direct
quinolines
and
introduction
quinoline
moieties
to
molecules,
can
be
simultaneously
achieved
in
one
simple
operation.
The
use
electroreduction
for
activation
isatin,
together
with
further
anodic
oxidation
KI
catalytically
result
a
annulation,
highlight
unique
possibilities
associated
electrochemical
methods.
This
transformation
tolerate
wide
range
functional
groups
also
used
as
functionalization
tactic
pharmaceutical
research
well
other
areas.
Chemical Society Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
51(15), P. 6251 - 6290
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Enzyme
immobilization
has
been
developing
since
the
1960s
and
although
many
industrial
biocatalytic
processes
use
technology
to
improve
enzyme
performance,
still
today
we
are
far
from
full
exploitation
of
field.
One
clear
reason
is
that
evaluate
based
on
only
a
few
experiments
not
always
well-designed.
In
contrast
other
reviews
subject,
here
highlight
pitfalls
using
incorrectly
designed
protocols
explain
why
in
cases
sub-optimal
results
obtained.
We
also
describe
solutions
overcome
these
challenges
come
conclusion
recent
developments
material
science,
bioprocess
engineering
protein
science
continue
open
new
opportunities
for
future.
this
way,
immobilization,
being
mature
discipline,
remains
as
subject
high
interest
where
intense
research
necessary
take
advantage
possibilities.
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: May 19, 2023
Chito-oligosaccharides
(COS),
derived
from
chitosan
(CH),
are
attracting
increasing
attention
as
drug
delivery
carriers
due
to
their
biocompatibility,
biodegradability,
and
mucoadhesive
properties.
Grafting,
the
process
of
chemically
modifying
CH/COS
by
adding
side
chains,
has
been
used
improve
performance
enhancing
stability,
targeted
delivery,
controlled
release.
In
this
review,
we
aim
provide
an
in-depth
study
on
recent
advances
in
grafting
for
multifarious
applications.
Moreover,
various
strategies
techniques
grafting,
including
chemical
modification,
enzymatic
physical
elaborated.
The
properties
grafted
CH/COS,
such
solubility,
were
reported.
Additionally,
review
detailed
applications
small
molecule,
proteins,
RNA
interference
therapeutics.
Furthermore,
effectiveness
improving
pharmacokinetics
pharmacodynamics
drugs
was
included.
Finally,
challenges
limitations
associated
with
use
outline
directions
future
research
addressed.
insights
provided
will
be
valuable
researchers
development
professionals
interested
application
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
124(14), P. 8740 - 8786
Published: July 3, 2024
In
recent
years,
powerful
genetic
code
reprogramming
methods
have
emerged
that
allow
new
functional
components
to
be
embedded
into
proteins
as
noncanonical
amino
acid
(ncAA)
side
chains.
this
review,
we
will
illustrate
how
the
availability
of
an
expanded
set
building
blocks
has
opened
a
wealth
opportunities
in
enzymology
and
biocatalysis
research.
Genetic
provided
insights
enzyme
mechanisms
by
allowing
introduction
spectroscopic
probes
targeted
replacement
individual
atoms
or
groups.
NcAAs
also
been
used
develop
engineered
biocatalysts
with
improved
activity,
selectivity,
stability,
well
enzymes
artificial
regulatory
elements
are
responsive
external
stimuli.
Perhaps
most
ambitiously,
combination
laboratory
evolution
given
rise
classes
use
ncAAs
key
catalytic
elements.
With
framework
for
developing
ncAA-containing
now
firmly
established,
optimistic
become
progressively
more
tool
armory
designers
engineers
coming
years.
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
146(12), P. 7922 - 7930
Published: March 18, 2024
Chromoselective
bond
activation
has
been
achieved
in
organic
helicenium
(nPr-DMQA+)-based
photoredox
catalysis.
Consequently,
control
over
chromoselective
C(sp2)–X
multihalogenated
aromatics
demonstrated.
nPr-DMQA+
can
only
initiate
the
halogen
atom
transfer
(XAT)
pathway
under
red
light
irradiation
to
activate
low-energy-accessible
C(sp2)–I
bonds.
In
contrast,
blue
initiates
consecutive
photoinduced
electron
(conPET)
more
challenging
C(sp2)–Br
Comparative
reaction
outcomes
have
demonstrated
α-arylation
of
cyclic
ketones
with
and
lights.
Furthermore,
red-light-mediated
selective
bonds
activated
iodobromoarenes
keep
bromo
functional
handle
untouched.
Finally,
strength
catalysis
highlighted
two-fold
functionalization
using
both
photo-to-transition
metal
photo-to-photocatalyzed
transformations.
Critical Reviews in Biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
43(3), P. 369 - 383
Published: April 17, 2022
Enzymes
are
commonly
used
as
biocatalysts
for
various
biological
and
chemical
processes.
However,
some
major
drawbacks
of
free
enzymes
(e.g.
poor
reusability
instability)
significantly
restrict
their
industrial
practices.
How
to
overcome
these
weaknesses
remain
considerable
challenges.
Enzyme
immobilization
is
one
the
most
effective
ways
improve
stability
enzymes.
Cross-linked
enzyme
aggregates
(CLEAs)
has
been
known
a
novel
versatile
carrier-free
method.
CLEAs
attractive
due
its
simplicity
robustness,
without
purification.
It
generally
shows:
high
catalytic
specificity
selectivity,
good
operational
storage
stabilities,
reusability.
Moreover,
co-immobilization
different
kinds
can
be
acquired.
These
advantages
provide
opportunities
further
applications.
Herein,
preparation
parameters
were
first
summarized.
Next,
characterization
structural
properties,
also
proposed.
Finally,
important
applications
this
technique
in:
environmental
protection,
chemistry,
food
industry,
pharmaceutical
synthesis
delivery
introduced.
Potential
challenges
future
research
directions,
such
improving
cross-linking
efficiency
internal
mass
transfer
efficiency,
presented.
This
implies
that
an
efficient
feasible
properties
use
in
industry.
Biotechnology Advances,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
70, P. 108304 - 108304
Published: Dec. 21, 2023
Proteases
have
gained
significant
scientific
and
industrial
interest
due
to
their
unique
biocatalytic
characteristics
broad-spectrum
applications
in
different
industries.
The
development
of
robust
nanobiocatalytic
systems
by
attaching
proteases
onto
various
nanostructured
materials
as
fascinating
novel
nanocarriers
has
demonstrated
exceptional
performance,
substantial
stability,
ease
recyclability
over
multiple
reaction
cycles
under
chemical
physical
conditions.
immobilized
on
may
be
much
more
resistant
denaturation
caused
extreme
temperatures
or
pH
values,
detergents,
organic
solvents,
other
protein
denaturants
than
free
enzymes.
Immobilized
present
a
lower
inhibition.
use
non-porous
the
immobilization
prevents
diffusion
steric
hindrances
during
binding
substrate
active
sites
enzymes
compared
porous
materials;
when
using
very
large
solid
substrates,
orientation
enzyme
must
always
adequate.
advantages
problems
nanoparticles
will
discussed
this
review.
continuous
batch
reactor
operations
nanocarrier-immobilized
been
successfully
investigated
for
variety
leather,
detergent,
biomedical,
food,
pharmaceutical
Information
about
nanomaterials
systematically
compiled
here.
Furthermore,
highlighted
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
124(16), P. 9580 - 9608
Published: July 2, 2024
Over
20
years
ago,
the
pyrrolysine
encoding
translation
system
was
discovered
in
specific
archaea.
Our
Review
provides
an
overview
of
how
once
obscure
pyrrolysyl-tRNA
synthetase
(PylRS)
tRNA
pair,
originally
responsible
for
accurately
translating
enzymes
crucial
methanogenic
metabolic
pathways,
laid
foundation
burgeoning
field
genetic
code
expansion.
primary
focus
is
discussion
to
successfully
engineer
PylRS
recognize
new
substrates
and
exhibit
higher
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
124(13), P. 8130 - 8232
Published: June 28, 2024
Within
the
canonical
repertoire
of
amino
acid
involved
in
protein
biogenesis,
proline
plays
a
unique
role
as
an
presenting
modified
backbone
rather
than
side-chain.
Chemical
structures
that
mimic
but
introduce
changes
into
its
specific
molecular
features
are
defined
analogues.
This
review
article
summarizes
existing
chemical,
physicochemical,
and
biochemical
knowledge
about
this
peculiar
family
structures.
We
group
analogues
from
following
compounds:
substituted
prolines,
unsaturated
fused
structures,
ring
size
homologues,
heterocyclic,
e.g.,
pseudoproline,
bridged
proline-resembling
overview
(1)
occurrence
nature
their
chemical
synthesis,
(2)
physicochemical
properties
including
conformation
