Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
123(9), P. 5347 - 5420
Published: April 12, 2023
Enzymatic
catalysis
has
fueled
considerable
interest
from
chemists
due
to
its
high
efficiency
and
selectivity.
However,
the
structural
complexity
vulnerability
hamper
application
potentials
of
enzymes.
Driven
by
practical
demand
for
chemical
conversion,
there
is
a
long-sought
quest
bioinspired
catalysts
reproducing
even
surpassing
functions
natural
As
nanoporous
materials
with
surface
areas
crystallinity,
metal-organic
frameworks
(MOFs)
represent
an
exquisite
case
how
enzymes
their
active
sites
are
integrated
into
porous
solids,
affording
heterogeneous
superior
stability
customizable
structures.
In
this
review,
we
comprehensively
summarize
advances
MOFs
catalysis,
discuss
design
principle
various
MOF-based
catalysts,
such
as
MOF-enzyme
composites
embedded
sites,
explore
utility
these
in
different
reactions.
The
advantages
enzyme
mimetics
also
highlighted,
including
confinement,
templating
effects,
functionality,
comparison
homogeneous
supramolecular
catalysts.
A
perspective
provided
potential
solutions
addressing
current
challenges
MOF
catalysis.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(2), P. 547 - 547
Published: Jan. 10, 2025
This
study
explores
various
methods
for
the
covalent
immobilization
of
cysteine
proteases
(ficin,
papain,
and
bromelain).
Covalent
involves
formation
bonds
between
enzyme
a
carrier
or
molecules
themselves
without
using
crosslinking
agent.
process
enhances
stability
allows
creation
preparations
with
specific
controlled
properties.
The
objective
this
is
to
evaluate
impact
under
different
conditions
on
proteolytic
activity
enzymes.
most
favorable
results
were
achieved
by
immobilizing
ficin
bromelain
through
bonding
medium
high
molecular
weight
chitosans,
5
3.33%
glutaraldehyde
solutions,
respectively.
For
6.67%
solutions
proved
be
more
effective
as
agents.
These
findings
indicate
that
can
enhance
performance
these
enzymes
biocatalysts,
potential
applications
in
biotechnological
fields.
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
30(4), P. 939 - 939
Published: Feb. 18, 2025
Enzyme
immobilization
plays
a
critical
role
in
enhancing
the
efficiency
and
sustainability
of
biocatalysis,
addressing
key
challenges
such
as
limited
enzyme
stability,
short
shelf
life,
difficulties
recovery
recycling,
which
are
pivotal
for
green
chemistry
industrial
applications.
Classical
approaches,
including
adsorption,
entrapment,
encapsulation,
covalent
bonding,
well
advanced
site-specific
methods
that
integrate
engineering
bio-orthogonal
chemistry,
were
discussed.
These
techniques
enable
precise
control
over
orientation
interaction
with
carriers,
optimizing
catalytic
activity
reusability.
Key
findings
highlight
impact
on
improving
performance
under
various
operational
conditions
its
reducing
process
costs
through
enhanced
stability
recyclability.
The
review
presents
numerous
practical
applications
immobilized
enzymes,
their
use
pharmaceutical
industry
drug
synthesis,
food
sector
dairy
processing,
environmental
biotechnology
wastewater
treatment
dye
degradation.
Despite
significant
advantages,
loss
due
to
conformational
changes
mass
transfer
limitations
remain,
necessitating
tailored
protocols
specific
integration
modern
biotechnological
advancements,
site-directed
mutagenesis
recombinant
DNA
technology,
offers
promising
pathway
developing
robust,
efficient,
sustainable
biocatalytic
systems.
This
comprehensive
guide
aims
support
researchers
industries
selecting
diverse
pharmaceuticals,
fine
chemicals.
Biotechnology Advances,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
70, P. 108304 - 108304
Published: Dec. 21, 2023
Proteases
have
gained
significant
scientific
and
industrial
interest
due
to
their
unique
biocatalytic
characteristics
broad-spectrum
applications
in
different
industries.
The
development
of
robust
nanobiocatalytic
systems
by
attaching
proteases
onto
various
nanostructured
materials
as
fascinating
novel
nanocarriers
has
demonstrated
exceptional
performance,
substantial
stability,
ease
recyclability
over
multiple
reaction
cycles
under
chemical
physical
conditions.
immobilized
on
may
be
much
more
resistant
denaturation
caused
extreme
temperatures
or
pH
values,
detergents,
organic
solvents,
other
protein
denaturants
than
free
enzymes.
Immobilized
present
a
lower
inhibition.
use
non-porous
the
immobilization
prevents
diffusion
steric
hindrances
during
binding
substrate
active
sites
enzymes
compared
porous
materials;
when
using
very
large
solid
substrates,
orientation
enzyme
must
always
adequate.
advantages
problems
nanoparticles
will
discussed
this
review.
continuous
batch
reactor
operations
nanocarrier-immobilized
been
successfully
investigated
for
variety
leather,
detergent,
biomedical,
food,
pharmaceutical
Information
about
nanomaterials
systematically
compiled
here.
Furthermore,
highlighted
Journal of Composites Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
7(12), P. 488 - 488
Published: Nov. 26, 2023
For
over
a
century,
enzyme
immobilisation
has
been
proven
to
be
superior
strategy
improve
catalytic
activity
and
reusability
ensure
easy
separation,
operation,
reduced
cost.
Enzyme
allows
for
an
easier
separation
of
the
from
reaction
mixture,
thus
simplifying
downstream
processing.
This
technology
protects
degradation
or
inactivation
by
harsh
conditions,
making
it
more
robust
suitable
used
in
various
applications.
Recent
strategies
methods,
such
as
adsorption,
cross-linking,
entrapment
encapsulation,
covalent
bonding,
were
critically
reviewed.
These
have
shown
promising
results
improving
stability,
activity,
A
recent
development
nanomaterials
agrowaste
renewable
carriers
is
underlined
current
review.
Furthermore,
use
gained
significant
attention
due
their
unique
properties,
high
surface
area,
mass
transfer,
biocompatibility,
sustainability.
materials
offer
outcomes
developing
efficient
sustainable
immobilised
enzymes.
state-of-the-art
better
control
reactions
enhances
reusability,
leading
cost-effective
environmentally
friendly
processes.
The
also
helps
reduce
waste
generation
promote
utilisation
resources,
further
contributing
circular
economy.
