A review on fundamentals for designing oxygen evolution electrocatalysts

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 49(7), P. 2196 - 2214

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

The fundamentals related to the oxygen evolution reaction and catalyst design are summarized discussed.

Language: Английский

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Cocatalysts for Selective Photoreduction of CO₂into Solar Fuels

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 119(6), P. 3962 - 4179

Published: Feb. 14, 2019

Photoreduction of CO2 into sustainable and green solar fuels is generally believed to be an appealing solution simultaneously overcome both environmental problems energy crisis. The low selectivity challenging multi-electron photoreduction reactions makes it one the holy grails in heterogeneous photocatalysis. This Review highlights important roles cocatalysts selective photocatalytic reduction using semiconductor catalysts. A special emphasis this review placed on key role, design considerations modification strategies for photoreduction. Various cocatalysts, such as biomimetic, metal-based, metal-free, multifunctional ones, their are summarized discussed, along with recent advances area. provides useful information highly photo(electro)reduction electroreduction complements existing reviews various photocatalysts.

Language: Английский

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Innovative Strategies for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting

Accounts of Chemical Research, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 51(7), P. 1571 - 1580

Published: March 14, 2018

ConspectusElectrocatalytic water splitting driven by renewable energy input to produce clean H2 has been widely viewed as a promising strategy of the future portfolio. Currently, state-of-the-art electrocatalysts for in acidic solutions are IrO2 or RuO2 O2 evolution reaction (OER) and Pt (HER). Realization large-scale production from requires competent nonprecious electrocatalysts. Despite advances decades this field, several challenges still exist need be overcome: (1) Most efforts design have focused on developing HER catalysts conditions but OER alkaline owing their thermodynamic convenience, potentially resulting incompatible integration two types thus inferior overall performance. (2) In conventional electrolysis, strictly coupled therefore produced simultaneously, which may lead explosive H2/O2 mixing due gas crossover. Meanwhile, coexistence H2, O2, could reactive oxygen species that might shorten lifetime an electrolyzer. (3) The rate is often limited more sluggish kinetics latter, lowers conversion efficiency. Moreover, product OER, not highly valuable. (4) It remains challenging develop efficient low-cost storage transport systems economy.In Account, we describe recent progress innovative strategies address aforementioned four electrolysis. These novel include electrolysis based bifunctional (or precursors) drive both under same conditions, decoupled achieved redox mediators temporally spatially separating hybrid integrating thermodynamically favorable organic upgrading reactions replace tandem utilizing biocatalysts converting situ with foreign compounds (e.g., CO2 N2) valuable products. Finally, remaining perspectives also presented. We hope Account will function momentum call endeavors into development advanced electrocatalytic practicable well diverse compounds.

Language: Английский

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Transition Metal Oxides as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Solutions: An Application-Inspired Renaissance

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 140(25), P. 7748 - 7759

Published: May 22, 2018

Water splitting is the essential chemical reaction to enable storage of intermittent energies such as solar and wind in form hydrogen fuel. The oxygen evolution (OER) often considered bottleneck water splitting. Though metal oxides had been reported OER electrocatalysts more than half a century ago, recent interest renewable energy has spurred renaissance studies transition Earth-abundant nonprecious catalysts. This Perspective presents major progress several key areas field theoretical understanding, activity trend, situ operando characterization, active site determination, novel materials. A personal overview past achievements future challenges also provided.

Language: Английский

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Spinels: Controlled Preparation, Oxygen Reduction/Evolution Reaction Application, and Beyond

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 117(15), P. 10121 - 10211

Published: July 26, 2017

Spinels with the formula of AB2O4 (where A and B are metal ions) properties magnetism, optics, electricity, catalysis have taken significant roles in applications data storage, biotechnology, electronics, laser, sensor, conversion reaction, energy storage/conversion, which largely depend on their precise structures compositions. In this review, various spinels controlled preparations oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) beyond summarized. First, composition structure introduced. Then, recent advances preparation solid-, solution-, vapor-phase methods summarized, new particularly highlighted. The physicochemical characteristics such as compositions, structures, morphologies, defects, substrates been rationally regulated through approaches. This regulation can yield improved ORR/OER catalytic activities, further accelerate speed, prolong life, narrow polarization fuel cells, metal-air batteries, water splitting devices. Finally, magnetic, optical, electrical, OER/ORR also discussed. future considered to be closely related environmental issues, will aided by development species advanced characterizations.

Language: Английский

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A Roadmap to the Ammonia Economy

Joule, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(6), P. 1186 - 1205

Published: May 11, 2020

Language: Английский

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Laser Synthesis and Processing of Colloids: Fundamentals and Applications

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 117(5), P. 3990 - 4103

Published: Feb. 13, 2017

Driven by functionality and purity demand for applications of inorganic nanoparticle colloids in optics, biology, energy, their surface chemistry has become a topic intensive research interest. Consequently, ligand-free are ideal reference materials evaluating the effects adsorbates from initial state application-oriented nanointegration purposes. After two decades development, laser synthesis processing (LSPC) emerged as convenient scalable technique nanomaterials sealed environments. In addition to high-purity LSPC-generated nanoparticles, other strengths LSPC include its high throughput, convenience preparing alloys or series doped nanomaterials, continuous operation mode, suitable downstream processing. Unscreened charge LSPC-synthesized is key achieving colloidal stability affinity biomolecules well support materials, thereby enabling fabrication bioconjugates heterogeneous catalysts. Accurate size control ranging quantum dots submicrometer spheres recent upscaling advancement toward multiple-gram scale helpful extending applicability various fields. By discussing reports on both fundamentals related ablation, fragmentation, melting liquids, this Article presents timely critical review emerging topic.

Language: Английский

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Atomically Precise Noble Metal Nanoclusters as Efficient Catalysts: A Bridge between Structure and Properties

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 120(2), P. 526 - 622

Published: March 22, 2019

Improving the knowledge of relationship between structure and properties is fundamental in catalysis. Recently, researchers have developed a variety well-controlled methods to synthesize atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs). NCs shown high catalytic activity unique selectivity many reactions, which are related their ultrasmall size, abundant unsaturated active sites, electronic different from that traditional nanoparticles (NPs). More importantly, because definite monodispersity, they used as model catalysts reveal correlation catalyst performance at atomic scale. Therefore, this review aims summarize recent progress on catalysis provide potential theoretical guidance for rational design high-performance catalysts. First brief summary synthetic strategies characterization provided. Then primary focus review-the role catalysis-is illustrated experimental perspectives, particularly electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, photoelectric conversion, organic reactions. Finally, main challenges opportunities examined deep understanding key steps with goal expanding application range NCs.

Language: Английский

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Toward practical solar hydrogen production – an artificial photosynthetic leaf-to-farm challenge

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 48(7), P. 1908 - 1971

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Solar water splitting is a promising approach to transform sunlight into renewable, sustainable and green hydrogen energy. There are three representative ways of transforming solar radiation molecular hydrogen, which the photocatalytic (PC), photoelectrochemical (PEC), photovoltaic-electrolysis (PV-EC) routes. Having future perspective economy in mind, this review article discusses devices systems for solar-to-hydrogen production including comparison above systems. The focus placed on critical assessment key components needed scale up PEC such as materials efficiency, cost, elemental abundancy, stability, fuel separation, device operability, cell architecture, techno-economic aspects follows stepwise provides (i) summary basic principles employed splitting, (ii) an extensive discussion technologies, procedures, system designs, (iii) introduction international demonstration projects, development benchmarked large-scale prototype task scaling laboratory overall practical may be called "an artificial photosynthetic leaf-to-farm challenge".

Language: Английский

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Water electrolysis: from textbook knowledge to the latest scientific strategies and industrial developments

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 51(11), P. 4583 - 4762

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Replacing fossil fuels with energy sources and carriers that are sustainable, environmentally benign, affordable is amongst the most pressing challenges for future socio-economic development.

Language: Английский

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