Electrocatalysis for CO₂conversion: from fundamentals to value-added products

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50(8), P. 4993 - 5061

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

This timely and comprehensive review mainly summarizes advances in heterogeneous electroreduction of CO₂: from fundamentals to value-added products.

Language: Английский

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Advanced Electrocatalysts with Single-Metal-Atom Active Sites

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 120(21), P. 12217 - 12314

Published: Nov. 2, 2020

Electrocatalysts with single metal atoms as active sites have received increasing attention owing to their high atomic utilization efficiency and exotic catalytic activity selectivity. This review aims provide a comprehensive summary on the recent development of such single-atom electrocatalysts (SAECs) for various energy-conversion reactions. The discussion starts an introduction different types SAECs, followed by overview synthetic methodologies control dispersion atomically resolved characterization using state-of-the-art microscopic spectroscopic techniques. In recognition extensive applications electrocatalytic studies are dissected in terms important electrochemical reactions, including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen (OER), reduction (ORR), carbon dioxide (CO2RR), nitrogen (NRR). Examples SAECs deliberated each case performance, structure-property relationships, enhancement mechanisms. A perspective is provided at end section about remaining challenges opportunities targeted reaction.

Language: Английский

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Atomic site electrocatalysts for water splitting, oxygen reduction and selective oxidation

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 49(7), P. 2215 - 2264

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

This review summarized the fabrication routes and characterization methods of atomic site electrocatalysts (ASCs) followed by their applications for water splitting, oxygen reduction selective oxidation.

Language: Английский

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High-Entropy Alloys as a Platform for Catalysis: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

ACS Catalysis, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(19), P. 11280 - 11306

Published: Sept. 17, 2020

High-entropy alloys (HEAs), which are defined as near-equimolar of five or more elements, attracting ever increasing attention because the unique properties in a variety applications. Recently, HEAs have already exhibited remarkable catalytic performance toward several thermal-driven and electrocatalytic reactions. not only regulate electronic geometric structures to large degree but also serve platform construct catalysts with unexpected performance. Herein, recent advances regarding HEA-based catalysis systematically summarized, special focus on synthetic methods for catalysts, performance, mechanistic understanding. Moreover, challenges future opportunities this research area carefully discussed. A series open questions promising directions be explored proposed, including methods, regulation properties, identification active centers, applications into photocatalysis. This Review provides an overview about progress, challenges, catalysis.

Language: Английский

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Toward Active-Site Tailoring in Heterogeneous Catalysis by Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters with Crystallographic Structures

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 121(2), P. 567 - 648

Published: Sept. 17, 2020

Heterogeneous catalysis involves solid-state catalysts, among which metal nanoparticles occupy an important position. Unfortunately, no two from conventional synthesis are the same at atomic level, though such regular can be highly uniform nanometer level (e.g., size distribution ∼5%). In long pursuit of well-defined nanocatalysts, a recent success is atomically precise nanoclusters protected by ligands in range tens to hundreds atoms (equivalently 1–3 nm core diameter). More importantly, have been crystallographically characterized, just like protein structures enzyme catalysis. Such merge features homogeneous catalysts ligand-protected centers) and enzymes protein-encapsulated clusters few bridged ligands). The with their total available constitute new class model hold great promise fundamental research, including dependent activity, control catalytic selectivity structure surface ligands, structure–property relationships atomic-level, insights into molecular activation mechanisms, identification active sites on nanocatalysts. This Review summarizes progress utilization for These nanocluster-based enabled heterogeneous research single-atom single-electron levels. Future efforts expected achieve more exciting understanding tailoring design high activity under mild conditions.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(50)

Published: March 21, 2021

Abstract The rapid progress of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and alkaline (AMFCs) has boosted the hydrogen economy concept via diverse energy applications in past decades. For a holistic understanding development status PEMFCs AMFCs, recent advancements electrocatalyst design catalyst layer optimization, along with cell performance terms activity durability are summarized here. activity, stability, different types electrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction reaction oxidation discussed compared. Research directions on further active, stable, low‐cost to meet ultimate commercialization AMFCs also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Noble-Metal Based Random Alloy and Intermetallic Nanocrystals: Syntheses and Applications

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 121(2), P. 736 - 795

Published: Sept. 9, 2020

Precise control over the size, shape, composition, structure, and crystal phase of random alloy intermetallic nanocrystals has been intensively explored in technologically important applications recent years. Different from monometallic other types structural such as core-shell heterostructured nanocrystals, well-defined multimetallic exhibit unique intriguing physicochemical properties, serving ideal models for benefiting structure-to-property studies. As such, have attracted extensive attention interest scientific research shown huge potential various fields. In this review, we focus specifically on summarizing synthetic principles strategies developed to form with enhanced performance. Some representative examples are purposely selected emphasizing basic concepts mechanistic understanding. We then highlight fascinating properties widespread electrocatalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, optical photocatalysis, well magnetism conclude review by addressing prospects current challenges controlled synthesis nanocrystals.

Language: Английский

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Nanoscale engineering of catalytic materials for sustainable technologies

Nature Nanotechnology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 129 - 139

Published: Nov. 23, 2020

Language: Английский

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Rational Design of Single‐Atom Site Electrocatalysts: From Theoretical Understandings to Practical Applications

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(34)

Published: July 8, 2021

Atomically dispersed metal-based electrocatalysts have attracted increasing attention due to their nearly 100% atomic utilization and excellent catalytic performance. However, current fundamental comprehension summaries reveal the underlying relationship between single-atom site (SACs) corresponding application are rarely reported. Herein, understandings intrinsic mechanisms SACs electrocatalytic applications systemically summarized. Different preparation strategies presented synthetic with engineering well-defined on basis of theoretical principle (size effect, metal-support interactions, electronic structure coordination environment effect). Then, an overview is presented, including oxygen reduction reaction, hydrogen evolution oxidation small organic molecules, carbon dioxide nitrogen reaction. The structure-performance reactions also discussed in depth expound enhancement mechanisms. Finally, a summary provided perspective supplied demonstrate challenges opportunities for rational designing, synthesizing, modulating advanced toward reactions.

Language: Английский

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Recent developments of nanocatalyzed liquid-phase hydrogen generation

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50(5), P. 3437 - 3484

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Hydrogen is the most effective and sustainable carrier of clean energy, liquid-phase hydrogen storage materials with high content, reversibility good dehydrogenation kinetics are promising in view "hydrogen economy". Efficient, low-cost, safe selective generation from chemical remains challenging, however. In this Review article, an overview recent achievements provided, addressing topic nanocatalysis production including metal-boron hydrides, borane-nitrogen compounds, liquid organic hydrides. The state-of-the-art catalysts range high-performance nanocatalysts based on noble non-noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) to emerging single-atom catalysts. Key aspects that discussed include insights into mechanisms, regenerations spent tandem reactions using situ generated hydrogen. Finally, challenges, perspectives, research directions for area envisaged.

Language: Английский

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