ACS Catalysis,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(2), P. 1180 - 1200
Published: Jan. 5, 2022
Key
similarities
and
differences
of
Pd
Ni
in
catalytic
systems
are
discussed.
Overall,
catalyze
a
vast
number
similar
C–C
C–heteroatom
bond-forming
reactions.
However,
the
smaller
atomic
radius
lower
electronegativity
Ni,
as
well
more
negative
redox
potentials
low-valent
species,
often
provide
higher
reactivity
oxidative
addition
or
insertion
reactions
persistence
alkyl-Ni
intermediates
against
β-hydrogen
elimination,
thus
enabling
activation
reluctant
electrophiles,
including
alkyl
electrophiles.
Another
key
point
relates
to
stability
open-shell
electronic
configurations
Ni(I)
Ni(III)
compared
with
Pd(I)
Pd(III).
Nickel
very
involve
interconvertible
Ni(n+)
active
species
variable
oxidation
states
(Ni(0),
Ni(I),
Ni(II),
Ni(III)).
In
contrast,
involving
Pd(III)
still
relatively
less
developed
may
require
facilitation
by
special
ligands
merging
photo-
electrocatalysis.
high
Pd(n+)
ensure
their
facile
reduction
Pd(0)
under
assistance
numerous
reagents
solvents,
providing
concentrations
molecular
Pd1(0)
complexes
that
can
reversibly
aggregate
into
Pdn
clusters
nanoparticles
form
cocktail
Pdn(0)
various
nuclearities
(i.e.,
values
"n").
Ni(0)
strong
reductants;
they
sensitive
deactivation
air
other
oxidizers
and,
consequence,
operate
at
catalyst
loadings
than
palladium
same
The
ease
robustness
versatility
for
catalysis,
whereas
variety
enables
diverse
uncommon
reactivity,
albeit
requiring
efforts
stabilization
nickel
systems.
As
discussion,
we
note
easily
"cocktail
particles"
different
but
(Pd1,
Pdn,
NPs),
behave
species"
is
stable
nuclearities.
Undoubtedly,
there
stronger
demand
ever
not
only
develop
improved
efficient
catalysts
also
understand
mechanisms
Chemical Science,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11(39), P. 10605 - 10613
Published: Jan. 1, 2020
N-Heterocyclic
carbenes
(NHCs)
are
efficient
Lewis
basic
catalysts
for
the
umpolung
of
various
polarized
unsaturated
compounds
usually
including
aldehydes,
imines,
acyl
chlorides
and
activated
esters.
NHC
catalysis
involving
electron
pair
transfer
steps
has
been
extensively
studied;
however,
through
single-electron
(SET)
processes,
despite
having
potential
to
achieve
chemical
transformations
inert
bonds
using
green
reagents,
long
a
challenging
task
in
organic
synthesis.
In
parallel,
visible-light-induced
photocatalysis
photoexcitation
have
established
as
powerful
tools
facilitate
sustainable
synthesis,
they
enable
generation
reactive
radical
intermediates
under
extremely
mild
conditions.
Recently,
number
elegant
visible-light-induced,
NHC-catalyzed
were
developed
accessing
valuable
compounds.
As
result,
this
minireview
will
highlight
recent
advances
field.
Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
363(11), P. 2723 - 2739
Published: April 7, 2021
Abstract
Indole
is
one
of
the
most
important
heterocycles
in
organic
synthesis,
natural
products,
and
drug
discovery.
Recently,
tremendous
advances
selective
functionalization
indoles
have
been
reported.
Although
powered
by
transition
metal
catalysis,
exceedingly
useful
methods
absence
metals
also
In
this
review,
we
provide
an
overview
reactions
that
published
last
years
with
a
focus
on
recent
advances,
aims,
future
trends.
The
review
organized
positional
selectivity
type
used
for
functionalization.
particular,
discuss
major
transition‐metal‐catalyzed
C−H
at
classical
C2/C3
positions,
remote
C4/C7
cross‐coupling,
transition‐metal‐free
magnified
image
Journal of CO2 Utilization,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
68, P. 102355 - 102355
Published: Dec. 21, 2022
With
the
continuous
emission
of
greenhouse
gases,
rational
transformation
and
utilization
CO2
is
particularly
important.
Cyclic
carbonates
are
a
kind
versatile
compounds
have
wide
applications
in
Li-ion
batteries,
pharmaceutical
manufacturing
many
fine
chemicals.
Cycloaddition
epoxide
to
synthesize
cyclic
considered
one
most
promising
conversion
routes
because
its
100%
atomic
economy,
non-toxicity,
as
well
more
economic
technical
route
for
CO2.
In
this
paper,
review
surveys
synthesis
employing
building
block.
The
mechanisms
activation
been
described
detail
due
thermodynamic
stability
molecule.
reaction
mechanism
expounded,
seven
methods
summarized
compared,
deeply
analyzing
research
progress
recent
years.
To
reduce
energy
conversion,
catalysts
very
crucial.
Various
types
suitable
derived
from
expounded
depth.
Finally,
development
trend
prospected.
improved
strongly
demanded
successful
commercialization
technologies.
This
enables
researchers
timely
seize
current
advancements
thus
may
provide
some
rewarding
insights
future
investigations
on
feedstock.
It
will
good
reference
guide
scholars
achieve
better
improvements.
Cell Reports Physical Science,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
2(6), P. 100446 - 100446
Published: May 31, 2021
With
the
aim
of
overcoming
well-known
limitations
platinum-based
antineoplastic
drugs,
recent
efforts
have
focused
on
development
new
anticancer
agents
containing
metals
other
than
platinum.
Among
these
agents,
organopalladium
compounds
received
significant
attention
due
to
their
generally
high
stability
under
physiological
conditions.
A
number
shown
promising
in
vitro
and
vivo
antiproliferative
activity
toward
several
cisplatin-sensitive
cisplatin-resistant
tumors
sometimes
exhibited
a
different
mechanism
action
compared
drugs.
In
this
review,
advances
field
as
potential
are
discussed.
