Abstract
Underground
storage
of
carbon
dioxide
(CO2)
and
hydrogen
(H2)
in
geological
formations
has
been
considered
an
effective
method
for
the
energy
transition
towards
a
low-carbon
industry.
The
wettability
rock
is
significant
parameter
underground
gas
storage,
determining
both
capacity
containment
safety.
This
study
focuses
on
using
two
chemicals,
methyl
orange
(MO)
methylene
blue
(MB),
as
wetting
agents
at
different
concentrations
(10
to
100
mg/L)
change
improve
CO2
H2.
To
achieve
this,
contact
angle
measurement
technique
was
utilised
measure
advancing
(θa)
receding
(θr)
angles
under
reservoir
conditions,
with
constant
pressure
13
MPa
system
20
system,
temperatures
25°C
50°C,
brine
salinity
0.3
M
NaCl.
mimic
surfaces
calcite
quartz
samples
were
treated
stearic
acid
before
being
exposed
agent
chemicals.
Although
these
are
hydrophobic,
modifying
their
even
very
trace
concentration
MO
or
MB
significantly
alters
from
hydrophobic
hydrophilic.
demonstrates
that
presence
organic
acids
can
affect
H2
rock.
However,
injecting
diluted
amount
into
sandstone
carbonate
increase
capacity.
Energy & Fuels,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
37(12), P. 8128 - 8141
Published: June 5, 2023
Hydrogen
has
become
increasingly
popular
as
one
of
the
alternative
fuels
to
reduce
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
Storing
hydrogen
in
geological
structures
is
a
technology
that
shows
great
potential
storing
large
amounts
efficiently.
However,
this
relatively
new
and
requires
clear
understanding.
Therefore,
quick
review
underground
storage
needed
understand
its
fundamental
concepts.
This
article
presents
important
components
relevant
storage.
First,
some
currently
available
production
methods
are
discussed
followed
by
methods.
Both
small-scale
large-scale
presented.
Next,
factors
(fluid
properties,
rock
solid–fluid
interactions,
chemical
interactions)
influencing
summarized.
presenting
various
interesting
field
studies
for
Lastly,
challenges
future
outlooks
pertinent
reviewed.
will
serve
useful
resource
provides
overview
both
researchers
industrialists.
Chemosphere,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
335, P. 139135 - 139135
Published: June 5, 2023
Mineralization
reactions
in
basaltic
formations
have
gained
recent
interest
as
an
effective
method
for
CO2
geo-storage
order
to
mitigate
anthropogenic
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
The
CO2/rock
interactions,
including
interfacial
tension
and
wettability,
are
crucial
factors
determining
the
trapping
capacity
feasibility
of
geological
storage
these
formations.
Red
Sea
coast
Saudi
Arabia
has
many
formations,
their
wetting
characteristics
rarely
reported
literature.
Moreover,
organic
acid
contamination
is
inherent
significantly
impacts
capacities.
Hence,
reverse
effect,
influence
various
SiO2
nanofluid
concentrations
(0.05-0.75
wt%)
on
CO2-wettability
organic-acid
aged
Arabian
(SA)
basalt
evaluated
herein
at
323
K
pressures
(0.1-20
MPa)
via
contact
angle
measurements.
SA
substrates
characterized
techniques,
atomic
force
microscopy,
energy
dispersive
spectroscopy,
scanning
electron
others.
In
addition,
column
heights
that
correspond
capillary
entry
pressure
before
after
treatment
calculated.
results
show
acid-aged
become
intermediate-wet
CO2-wet
under
reservoir
temperature
conditions.
When
treated
with
nanofluids,
however,
weakly
water-wet,
optimum
performance
observed
concentration
0.1
wt%.
At
20
MPa,
height
corresponding
increases
from
-957
m
organic-aged
6253
wt%
nano-treated
basalt.
suggest
containment
security
organic-acid-contaminated
can
be
enhanced
by
treatment.
Thus,
this
study
may
play
a
significant
role
assessing
Energy & Fuels,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
38(11), P. 9923 - 9932
Published: May 14, 2024
Underground
hydrogen
storage
(UHS)
in
carbonate
reservoirs
is
a
suitable
solution
for
safe
and
efficient
recovery
during
the
cycling
process.
The
uncertainties
associated
with
potential
geochemical
reactions
between
hydrogen,
rock,
brine
may
impact
long-term
containment
of
produced
formations.
Despite
current
interest
studying
hydrogen-rock
reactions,
only
limited
work
available
literature.
In
this
study,
we
experimentally
evaluate
reactivity
rocks
to
address
gas
generation
induced
by
reactions.
Limestone
samples
are
treated
under
1500
psi
75
°C
temperature
duration
6
13
months
using
simple
reaction
cells.
Scanning
electron
microscopy
(SEM)
analysis
performed
examine
dissolution/precipitation
hydrogen.
contrast,
chromatography
(GC
analyzer)
inductively
coupled
plasma
optical
emission
spectroscopy
(ICP-OES)
conducted
detect
ion
precipitation.
experimental
results
indicate
no
significant
treatment
on
surface
morphology
pore
structure
even
after
treatment,
suggesting
that
abiotic
unlikely
occur
first
stages
UHS.
Furthermore,
presence
brine,
there
apparent
indications
occurring
calcite,
traces
any
other
gases
detected
treatment.
Besides,
solutions'
pH
remains
almost
unchanged,
minor
increase
calcium
(Ca2+)
ions
solution,
which
attributed
water,
not
promisingly
support
utilization
storage.
Fuel,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
371, P. 132045 - 132045
Published: May 31, 2024
The
large-scale
subsurface
storage
of
hydrogen
is
a
crucial
element
the
economy
value
chain
and
an
essential
process
for
achieving
successful
replacement
carbon-based
fuels.
wettability
rock-H2-brine
system,
as
quantified
by
contact
angle
measurement,
has
been
focus
most
recent
research
due
to
its
impacts
on
fluid
flow,
H2
migration
recovery
efficiency
during
underground
(UHS).
However,
reported
data
sets
are
quite
inconsistent,
there
relatively
few
literature
reports
regarding
angles
H2/brine
Saudi
Arabian
basalt
(SAB)
compared
quartz,
shale,
mica,
calcite.
Hence,
advancing
receding
θaandθr
SAB-H2-brine
system
measured
herein
via
sessile
drop
method
at
various
temperatures
(308
323
K)
pressures
(0.1–20
MPa)
ascertain
appropriateness
SAB
UHS.
results
indicate
that
generally
increases
with
pressure
temperature,
but
pure
remains
strongly
water
wet,
having
θa
θr<45°
under
all
experimental
conditions.
Conversely,
stearic
acid
contamination
(10−2
mol/L)
found
be
inimical
UHS,
increasing
from
42.1°
100.8°
aged
SAB,
while
θr
36.3°
94.2°,
20
MPa
K.
At
same
temperature
K,
column
heights
decrease
pressure,
reaching
4663
m
−424
organic
respectively,
MPa,
thereby
confirming
increased
depth
unfavorable
UHS
in
SAB.
These
provide
insights
into
conditions
favorable
formations.
