Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 375(6580)

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

Over the past several years, term PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) has grown to be emblematic of environmental contamination, garnering public, scientific, regulatory concern. are synthesized by two processes, direct fluorination (e.g., electrochemical fluorination) oligomerization fluorotelomerization). More than a megatonne is produced yearly, thousands wind up in end-use products. Atmospheric aqueous fugitive releases during manufacturing, use, disposal have resulted global distribution these compounds. Volatile facilitate long-range transport, commonly followed complex transformation schemes recalcitrant terminal PFAS, which do not degrade under conditions thus migrate through environment accumulate biota multiple pathways. Efforts remediate PFAS-contaminated matrices still their infancy, with much current research targeting drinking water.

Language: Английский

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An introduction to the sources, fate, occurrence and effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals released into the environment

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 207, P. 112658 - 112658

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

Many classes of compounds are known or suspected to disrupt the endocrine system vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. This review sources fate selected disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in environment includes that "legacy" contaminants, as well contaminants emerging concern. EDCs included for discussion organochlorine compounds, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, brominated flame retardants, per- polyfluoroalkyl substances, alkylphenols, phthalates, bisphenol A analogues, pharmaceuticals, drugs abuse steroid hormones, personal care products, organotins. An exhaustive survey these all environmental media (e.g., air, water, soil, biota, foods beverages) is beyond scope this review, so priority highlight which there a clear link between exposure effects humans biota from other taxa. Where appropriate, linkages also made regulatory limits such quality guidelines water sediments total daily intake values humans.

Language: Английский

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Target and Nontarget Screening of PFAS in Biosolids, Composts, and Other Organic Waste Products for Land Application in France

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 56(10), P. 6056 - 6068

Published: Oct. 20, 2021

Zwitterionic, cationic, and anionic per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are increasingly reported in terrestrial aquatic environments, but their inputs to agricultural lands not fully understood. Here, we characterized PFAS 47 organic waste products (OWP) applied fields of France, including historical recent materials. Overall, 160 from 42 classes were detected target screening homologue-based nontarget screening. Target low agriculture-derived wastes such as pig slurry, poultry manure, or dairy cattle manure (median ∑46PFAS: 0.66 μg/kg dry matter). Higher levels urban industrial wastes, paper mill sludge, sewage residual household composts 220 μg/kg). Historical municipal biosolids (1976–1998) dominated by perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamido acetic acid (EtFOSAA), cationic zwitterionic electrochemical fluorination precursors PFOS. Contemporaneous OWP (2009–2017) rather fluorotelomers, which represented on average 55% ∑160PFAS (max: 97%). The fluorotelomer sulfonamidopropyl betaines (X:2 FTSA-PrB, median: 110 μg/kg, max: 1300 μg/kg) the emerging class with highest occurrence prevalence contemporary OWP. They also early 1985. study informs for first time that sludges can be a significant repository PFAS.

Language: Английский

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Increasing ionic strength and valency of cations enhance sorption through hydrophobic interactions of PFAS with soil surfaces

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 817, P. 152975 - 152975

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

The effect of soluble cations on sorption in soils a range anionic PFAS is not well studied. We investigated the role three common (Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) at varying solution concentrations coefficients (Kd) 18 two contrasting soils. effective charge soil suspension (Zeta potential) became less negative as concentration these increased solutions. Perfluorinated compounds showed greater than polyfluorinated compounds, with sulfonates comparable chain lengths showing higher carboxylates. observed that Kd values several were positively correlated solution, especially presence polyvalent (Ca2+and Mg2+). changes cation more prominent for long-chain PFAS, C > 10 being completely removed from concentrations. emerging (replacement GenX ADONA) negligible or little (Kd < 0.6 L/kg). While mechanisms contribute towards cations, we conclude primary through screening charges head groups reorientation molecules interface between organic matter surfaces neutralisation solid surface. Screening allows hydrophobic interaction tails resulting sorption. Increasing solutions could thus reduce mobility profile.

Language: Английский

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Fate and transport of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the vadose zone

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 771, P. 145427 - 145427

Published: Jan. 26, 2021

Language: Английский

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The role of dissolved organic matter during Per- and Polyfluorinated Substance (PFAS) adsorption, degradation, and plant uptake: A review

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 436, P. 129139 - 129139

Published: May 16, 2022

Language: Английский

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Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Subsurface Environments: Occurrence, Fate, Transport, and Research Prospect

Reviews of Geophysics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 60(3)

Published: Aug. 7, 2022

Abstract Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), also known as “forever chemicals,” are manmade chemicals that have been increasingly detected in various geological settings since the early 2000s. The soil subsurface environments media commonly affected by PFAS. We conducted a comprehensive review of peer‐reviewed articles published from 2010 through 2022 concerning fate transport PFAS environments. This is organized into different subsections, covering basics properties how they affect occurrence, fate, PFAS, fundamental processes affecting mathematical models for describing predicting behaviors. Mechanisms governing environment, including sorption at air‐water interface, solid‐water nonaqueous phase liquids‐water were explored detail. Challenges future research priorities identified to better mitigate global challenges contamination.

Language: Английский

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Updated review on emerging technologies for PFAS contaminated water treatment

Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 182, P. 667 - 700

Published: April 12, 2022

Language: Английский

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Adsorption, Structure, and Dynamics of Short- and Long-Chain PFAS Molecules in Kaolinite: Molecular-Level Insights

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 56(12), P. 8043 - 8052

Published: May 11, 2022

The ubiquitous presence of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in different natural settings poses a serious threat to environmental human health. Soils sediments represent one the important exposure pathways PFAS for humans animals. With increasing bioaccumulation mobility, it is extremely understand interactions molecules with dominant constituents soils such as clay minerals. This study reports first time fundamental molecular-level insights into adsorption, interfacial structure, dynamics short- long-chain at water-saturated mesopores kaolinite using classical molecular (MD) simulations. At conditions, all are exclusively adsorbed near hydroxyl surface kaolinite, irrespective terminal functional groups metal cations. adsorption structures coordination environments strongly dependent on nature their hydrophobic chain length. formation large, aggregated clusters responsible restricted comparison short-chain molecules. Such comprehensive knowledge mineral interface critical developing novel site-specific degradation mitigation strategies.

Language: Английский

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Treatment technologies for removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in biosolids

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 453, P. 139964 - 139964

Published: Oct. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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