Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
57(30), P. 10940 - 10950
Published: July 19, 2023
Urban
stormwater
runoff
frequently
contains
the
car
tire
transformation
product
6PPD-quinone,
which
is
highly
toxic
to
juvenile
and
adult
coho
salmon
(Onchorychus
kisutch).
However,
it
currently
unclear
if
embryonic
stages
are
impacted.
We
addressed
this
by
exposing
developing
embryos
starting
at
eyed
stage
three
concentrations
of
6PPD-quinone
twice
weekly
until
hatch.
Impacts
on
survival
growth
were
assessed.
Further,
whole-transcriptome
sequencing
was
performed
recently
hatched
alevin
address
potential
mechanism
6PPD-quinone-induced
toxicity.
Acute
mortality
not
elicited
in
environmentally
measured
lethal
juveniles
adults,
however,
inhibited.
Immediately
after
hatching,
sensitive
mortality,
implicating
a
large
window
vulnerability
prior
smoltification.
Molecularly,
induced
dose-dependent
effects
that
implicated
broad
dysregulation
genomic
pathways
governing
cell–cell
contacts
endothelial
permeability.
These
consistent
with
previous
observations
macromolecule
accumulation
brains
exposed
blood–brain
barrier
disruption
as
pathway
for
Overall,
our
data
suggests
risk
adverse
health
events
upon
hatching
while
indicating
mechanism(s)
action
chemical.
Environmental Science & Technology Letters,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10(10), P. 815 - 823
Published: Sept. 1, 2023
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
(6PPD)
is
a
chemical
added
to
tires
prevent
their
oxidative
degradation.
6PPD
highly
reactive
with
ozone
and
oxygen,
leading
the
formation
of
transformation
products
such
as
quinone
(6PPDQ)
on
tire
surfaces
and,
subsequently,
in
road
wear
particles.
6PPDQ
toxicant
that
has
been
found
roadway
runoff
receiving
water
systems.
Its
presence
municipal
stormwater
led
acute
mortality
coho
salmon
during
migration
urban
creeks
reproduce,
generating
global
interest
studying
its
occurrence
toxicity
environment.
This
review
aims
provide
critical
overview
current
state
knowledge
6PPDQ,
assisting
researchers
policymakers
understanding
potential
impacts
this
emerging
environment
human
health.
As
there
are
many
unanswered
questions
surrounding
further
research
needed.
highlights
importance
including
regulations
for
6PPD,
well
all
synthetic
chemicals
concern.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
57(36), P. 13429 - 13438
Published: Aug. 29, 2023
The
rubber
antioxidant
6PPD
has
gained
significant
attention
due
to
its
highly
toxic
transformation
product,
6PPD-quinone
(6PPDQ).
Despite
their
detection
in
urines
of
pregnant
women,
the
placental
transfer
and
developmental
toxicity
6PPDQ
are
unknown.
Here,
we
treated
C57Bl/6
mice
with
4
mg/kg
or
investigate
urine
excretion
transfer.
Female
male
exhibited
sex
difference
profiles
6PPDQ.
Urine
concentrations
were
one
order
magnitude
lower
than
those
6PPD,
suggesting
higher
bioaccumulation
In
from
embryonic
day
11.5
15.5,
showed
∼1.5–8
times
placenta,
embryo
body,
brain,
Using
vitro
dual-luciferase
reporter
assays,
revealed
that
activated
human
retinoic
acid
receptor
α
(RARα)
retinoid
X
(RXRα)
at
as
low
0.3
μM,
which
was
∼10-fold
detected
urines.
RXRα
1.2
μM.
These
results
demonstrate
exposure
risks
during
pregnancy
emphasize
need
for
further
toxicological
epidemiological
investigations.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
927, P. 171153 - 171153
Published: March 7, 2024
About
3
billion
new
tires
are
produced
each
year
and
about
800
million
become
waste
annually.
Global
dependence
upon
from
natural
rubber
petroleum-based
compounds
represents
a
persistent
complex
environmental
problem
with
only
partial
often-times,
ineffective
solutions.
Tire
emissions
may
be
in
the
form
of
whole
tires,
tire
particles,
chemical
compounds,
which
is
transported
through
various
atmospheric,
terrestrial,
aquatic
routes
built
environments.
Production
use
generates
multiple
heavy
metals,
plastics,
PAH's,
other
that
can
toxic
alone
or
as
cocktails.
Used
require
storage
space,
energy
intensive
to
recycle,
generally
have
few
post-wear
uses
not
also
potential
sources
pollutants
(e.g.,
crumb
rubber,
pavements,
burning).
particles
emitted
during
major
component
microplastics
urban
runoff
source
unique
highly
potent
substances.
Thus,
represent
ubiquitous
pollutant
requires
comprehensive
examination
develop
effective
management
remediation.
We
approach
issue
pollution
holistically
by
examining
life
cycle
across
production,
emissions,
recycling,
disposal.
In
this
paper,
we
synthesize
recent
research
data
human
health
risks
associated
use,
disposal
discuss
gaps
our
knowledge
fate
transport,
well
toxicology
leachates.
examine
remediation
approaches
for
addressing
exposure
tires.
consider
three
levels:
their
state,
particulates,
mixture
Finally,
information
understanding
outline
key
questions
improve
ability
manage
remediate
pollution.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
57(41), P. 15598 - 15607
Published: Oct. 2, 2023
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
(6-PPD)
is
a
widely
used
antioxidant
in
tire
rubber
known
to
enter
the
aquatic
environment
via
road
runoff.
The
associated
transformation
product
(TP)
6-PPD
quinone
(6-PPDQ)
causes
extreme
acute
toxicity
some
fish
species
(e.g.,
coho
salmon).
To
interpret
species-specific
toxicity,
information
about
biotransformation
products
of
6-PPDQ
would
be
relevant.
This
study
investigated
toxicokinetics
and
zebrafish
embryo
(ZFE)
model.
Over
96
h
exposure,
accumulated
ZFE
with
concentration
factors
ranging
from
140
2500
for
70
220
6-PPDQ.
A
total
22
TPs
12
were
tentatively
identified
using
liquid
chromatography
coupled
high-resolution
mass
spectrometry.
After
exposure
6-PPD,
comprised
47%
peak
area
(TPA),
4-hydroxydiphenylamine
being
most
prominent
ZFE.
Upon
>95%
taken
up
was
biotransformed,
+
O
glucuronide
dominating
(>80%
TPA).
Among
other
reactive
N-phenyl-p-benzoquinone
imine
found.
knowledge
this
may
support
studies
organisms.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
57(51), P. 21550 - 21557
Published: Dec. 12, 2023
Synthetic
antioxidants,
including
synthetic
phenolic
antioxidants
(SPAs),
amine
(AAs),
and
organophosphite
(OPAs),
are
essential
additives
for
preventing
oxidative
aging
in
various
industrial
consumer
products.
Increasing
attention
has
been
paid
to
the
environmental
contamination
caused
by
these
chemicals,
but
our
understanding
of
is
generally
limited
compared
other
emerging
contaminants
such
as
plasticizers
flame
retardants.
Many
people
spend
a
significant
portion
(normally
greater
than
80%)
their
time
indoors,
meaning
that
they
experience
widespread
persistent
exposure
indoor
contaminants.
Thus,
this
Perspective
focuses
on
problem
The
wide
application
commercial
products
demonstrated
toxicity
make
them
an
important
family
concern.
However,
knowledge
gaps
still
need
be
bridged:
novel
related
transformation
identified
environments,
different
dust
sampling
strategies
should
employed
evaluate
human
contaminants,
geographic
scope
research
broadened,
partition
coefficients
among
media
investigated.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
58(14), P. 6370 - 6380
Published: March 18, 2024
The
discovery
of
the
significant
lethal
impacts
tire
additive
transformation
product
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
quinone
(6PPD-Q)
on
coho
salmon
has
garnered
global
attention.
However,
bioaccumulation
and
trophic
transfer
additives
their
products
(TATPs)
within
food
webs
remain
obscure.
This
study
first
characterized
levels
compositions
15
TATPs
in
Pearl
River
Estuary,
estimated
potential
21
estuarine
species,
identified
priority
contaminants.
Our
observations
indicated
that
were
prevalent
environment.
Eight,
six,
seven,
10
quantified
shrimp,
sea
cucumber,
snail,
fish
samples,
with
total
mean
45,
56,
64,
67
ng/g
(wet
weight),
respectively.
N,N′-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine
(DPPD)
N,N′-bis(2-methylphenyl)-1,4-benzenediamine
(DTPD)
exhibited
high
bioaccumulation.
Significant
biodilution
was
only
for
benzothiazole,
while
DPPD
DTPD
displayed
biomagnification
trends
based
Monte
Carlo
simulations.
mechanisms
trophodynamics
could
be
explained
by
chemical
hydrophobicity,
molecular
mass,
metabolic
rates.
Based
a
multicriteria
scoring
technique,
DPPD,
DTPD,
6PPD-Q
as
work
emphasizes
importance
biomonitoring,
particularly
specific
hydrophobic
additives.