Abstract.
Iodine
abundance
in
marine
carbonates
(as
an
elemental
ratio
with
calcium
–
I:Ca)
is
of
broad
interest
as
a
proxy
for
local/regional
ocean
redox.
This
connection
arises
because
the
speciation
iodine
seawater—in
terms
balance
between
iodate
(IO3-)
and
iodide
(I-)—is
sensitive
to
prevalence
oxic
vs.
anoxic
conditions.
However,
although
I:Ca
ratios
are
being
increasingly
commonly
measured
ancient
carbonate
samples,
fully
quantitative
interpretation
this
hindered
by
scarcity
mechanistic
framework
cycle
its
sensitivity
extent
intensity
deoxygenation.
Here
we
present
evaluate
representation
cycling
embedded
Earth
system
model
(‘cGENIE’)
against
both
modern
paleo
observations.
In
this,
account
IO3-
uptake
reduction
primary
producers,
occurrence
ambient
water
column,
plus
re-oxidation
I-
IO3-.
We
develop
test
variety
different
relationships
IO3-
updated
compilation
observed
dissolved
concentrations
present-day
ocean.
optimizing
parameters
controlling
previously
proposed
mechanisms
behind
cycling,
find
that
can
obtain
matches
gradients
zonal
surface
distribution,
depth
profiles,
oxygen
deficient
zones
(ODZs).
also
identify
alternative,
equally
well
performing
which
assume
more
explicit
link
transformation
environment.
ambiguity
highlights
need
process-based
studies
on
cycling.
Finally,
our
ultimate
motivation
further
ability
reconstruct
oxygenation
geological
past,
conducted
‘plausibility
tests’
various
schemes
available
measurements
made
Cretaceous
time
substantially
depleted
availability
compared
hence
strong
model.
Overall,
simultaneous
match
achieve
modelled
observations,
forward-proxy
supports
application
modelling
simulating
help
interpret
constrain
redox
evolution
past
oceans.
The
microbial
transformation
of
iodine-bearing
organic
matter
(OM)
and
iron
(Fe)
minerals
is
a
critical
process
that
controls
the
release
iodine
(I)
to
groundwater.
However,
roles
functional
types,
OM
molecular
characteristics,
microbe-OM
interactions
in
mobilization
remain
unclear.
In
this
study,
groundwater
samples
with
different
concentrations
were
collected
from
central
Yangtze
River
basins,
China.
Using
16S
rRNA
gene
sequencing,
we
identified
sulfur
disproportionation
methanogenesis
as
dominant
metabolic
processes
relatively
low-I
(<300
μg/L)
high-I
(>300
groundwater,
respectively.
Sediment
incubation
experiments
showed
combined
can
promote
by
87.1%.
Ultrahigh-resolution
characterization
components
revealed
sulfur-disproportionating
microbes
may
selectively
metabolize
bioactive
(e.g.,
aliphatic
compounds
oxygen-poor
highly
unsaturated
compounds),
leaving
recalcitrant
N-containing
oxygen-rich
compounds,
polyphenols,
polycyclic
aromatic
compounds)
methanogenic
preferentially
consume
Thus,
cooperative-competitive
pattern
between
methanogens
disproportionating
microorganisms
influence
degradation
potentially
contribute
mobilization.
This
study
highlights
process,
driven
biological
methanogenesis,
promotes
enrichment
alluvial-lacustrine
improves
our
understanding
genesis
geogenic
high-iodine
systems.
Photo-,
microbial,
and
abiotic
dark
reduction
of
soil
mercury
(Hg)
may
all
lead
to
elemental
(Hg(0))
emissions.
Utilizing
lab
incubations,
isotope
signatures
Hg(0)
emitted
from
mining
soils
were
characterized
quantify
the
interplay
contributions
various
Hg
pathways,
which
have
been
scarcely
studied.
At
15
°C,
microbial
reduced
showed
a
negative
mass-dependent
fractionation
(MDF)
(δ
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
58(43), P. 19255 - 19265
Published: Oct. 17, 2024
Iodate
reduction
by
dissimilatory
iodate-reducing
microorganisms
(DIRMs)
plays
a
crucial
role
in
the
biogeochemical
cycling
of
iodine
on
Earth.
However,
occurrence
and
distribution
DIRMs
iodine-rich
groundwater
remain
unclear.
In
this
study,
we
isolated
bacterium
Deleted Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
1
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Abstract
Iodine
(I)
is
a
trace
element
with
health
and
environmental
significance.
Iodate
(IO
3
-
),
iodide
(I
)
organic
iodine
(org-I)
are
the
major
species
of
that
exist
in
environment.
Dissimilatory
IO
-reducing
bacteria
reduce
to
I
directly
under
anoxic
conditions
via
their
reductases
include
periplasmic
iodate
reductase
IdrABP
1
P
2
,
extracellular
DMSO
DmsEFAB
metal
MtrCAB.
IdrAB
hypoiodous
acid
(HIO)
H
O
.
The
reaction
intermediate
HIO
proposed
be
disproportionated
abiotically
into
at
ratio
2:1.
reduced
by
IdrP
MtrCAB
as
detoxification
mechanism.
Additionally,
dissimilatory
Fe(III)-
sulfate-reducing
indirectly
reduction
products
Fe(II)
sulfide
presence
Fe(III)
sulfate,
respectively.
-oxidizing
oxidize
molecular
oxic
multicopper
oxidases
IoxAC.
In
addition
variety
org-I
compounds
also
produced
during
oxidation.
Furthermore,
ammonia-oxidizing
conditions,
probably
intracellular
enzymes.
Many
produce
reactive
oxygen
can
triiodide
).
Bacteria
accumulate
which
oxidized
vanadium
iodoperoxidases.
then
transported
bacterial
cells.
Finally,
methylate
CH
I,
methyltransferases.
Thus,
play
crucial
versatile
roles
global
biogeochemical
cycling
reduction,
oxidation
accumulation
formation.
Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
129(11)
Published: Nov. 1, 2024
Abstract
A
striking
feature
of
Oxygen
Deficient
Zones
(ODZs)
on
the
eastern
boundary
Pacific
Ocean
are
large
subsurface
plumes
iodide.
Throughout
oceans,
iodate
is
predominant
and
thermodynamically
favored
species
dissolved
iodine,
but
depleted
within
these
plumes.
The
origin
iodide
mechanism
reduction
to
remains
unclear
thought
arise
from
a
combination
in
situ
inputs
reducing
shelf
sediments.
To
distinguish
between
sources,
we
investigated
iodine
redox
speciation
along
Oregon
continental
shelf.
This
upwelling
system
resembles
ODZs
exhibits
episodic
hypoxia,
rather
than
persistently
denitrifying
water
column.
We
observed
elevated
benthic
layer
overlying
sediments,
much
smaller
extent
ODZs.
There
was
no
evidence
offshore
or
increases
total
iodine.
Results
suggest
that
an
anaerobic
column
dominated
by
denitrification,
such
as
ODZs,
required
for
reduction.
However,
re‐analysis
data
previous
ODZ
work
suggests
most
occurs
not
column,
also
decoupled
denitrification.
underlying
differences
regimes
have
yet
be
resolved,
could
indicate
role
reduced
sulfur
if
sulfate
zone
closer
sediment‐water
interface
sediments
Iodate
simple
function
oxygen
depletion,
which
has
important
implications
its
application
paleoredox
tracer.
Biogeosciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
21(21), P. 4927 - 4949
Published: Nov. 13, 2024
Abstract.
Iodine
(I)
abundance
in
marine
carbonates
(measured
as
an
elemental
ratio
with
calcium,
I
/
Ca)
is
of
broad
interest
a
proxy
for
local/regional
ocean
redox.
This
connection
arises
because
the
speciation
iodine
seawater,
balance
between
iodate
(IO3-)
and
iodide
(I−),
sensitive
to
prevalence
oxic
vs.
anoxic
conditions.
However,
although
Ca
ratios
are
increasingly
commonly
being
measured
ancient
carbonate
samples,
fully
quantitative
interpretation
this
requires
availability
mechanistic
interpretative
framework
cycle
that
can
account
extent
intensity
deoxygenation
past.
Here
we
present
evaluate
representation
cycling
embedded
Earth
system
model
(“cGENIE”)
against
both
modern
paleo-observations.
In
framework,
IO3-
uptake
release
I−
through
biological
pump,
reduction
ambient
water
column,
re-oxidation
IO3-.
We
develop
test
variety
different
plausible
mechanisms
oxidation
transformation
contrast
projections
updated
compilation
observed
dissolved
concentrations
present-day
ocean.
By
optimizing
parameters
controlling
previously
proposed
involved
cycling,
find
obtain
matches
gradients
zonal
surface
distribution,
depth
profiles,
oxygen-deficient
zones
(ODZs).
also
identify
alternative,
equally
well
performing
which
assume
more
explicit
link
environment
–
ambiguity
highlights
need
process-based
studies
on
cycling.
Finally,
help
distinguish
competing
representations
our
ultimate
motivation
further
ability
reconstruct
oxygenation
geological
past,
conducted
“plausibility
tests”
schemes
available
measurements
made
Cretaceous
time
substantially
depleted
oxygen
compared
hence
strong
model.
Overall,
simultaneous
match
achieve
modeled
observations,
forward
ratios,
supports
application
modeling
simulating
interpret
constrain
redox
evolution
past
oceans.