Microbial Risk Analysis,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
12, P. 60 - 75
Published: June 14, 2019
Due
to
rapid
growth
in
the
potable
reuse
industry,
there
is
a
need
better
characterize
associated
pathogen
risks
and
degree
of
attenuation
achieved
by
various
treatment
trains.
It
also
important
understand
how
emerging
frameworks
compare
historical
practice
de
facto
reuse.
As
such,
goals
this
study
were
(1)
evaluate
equivalency
indirect
(IPR)
direct
(DPR)
systems;
(2)
alternative
trains;
(3)
identify
design
components
operational
conditions
that
are
most
critical
minimizing
public
health
risks.
To
end,
we
developed
static
quantitative
microbial
risk
assessment
(QMRA)
for
Cryptosporidium,
norovirus,
adenovirus,
Salmonella.
Treatment
process
performance
(including
failure
scenarios)
resultant
estimated
using
Stella
10.1
system
dynamics
model.
The
combined
annual
infection
was
lower
DPR
systems
with
no
surface
water
influence
[median
=
1.1
×
10−8
ozone-based
3.9
10−6
reverse
osmosis
(RO)]
compared
IPR
or
raw
augmentation
(median
9.0
10−4
3.8
10−3).
Although
reuse,
planned
IPR,
exceeded
common
benchmark,
generally
dominated
concentrations
upstream
water,
thereby
highlighting
importance
source
characterization
all
drinking
systems.
Moreover,
calculation
each
often
particular
(e.g.,
adenovirus
maximum
3.7
10−2
RO-based
during
compound
failure).
Sensitivity
analyses
demonstrated
storage
time
temperature
failures
decreased
greater
recycled
contributions
(RWC)
due
robustness
advanced
and/or
environmental
buffer.
Current Environmental Health Reports,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
7(3), P. 311 - 324
Published: June 15, 2020
Abstract
Purpose
of
Review
Fecal
contamination
water
is
a
major
public
health
concern.
This
review
summarizes
recent
developments
and
advancements
in
quality
indicators
fecal
contamination.
Recent
Findings
highlights
number
trends.
First,
continue
to
be
valuable
tool
assess
have
expanded
include
able
detect
sources
water.
Second,
molecular
methods,
particularly
PCR-based
advanced
considerably
their
selected
targets
rigor,
but
added
complexity
that
may
prohibit
adoption
for
routine
monitoring
activities
at
this
time.
Third,
risk
modeling
beginning
better
connect
human
risks,
with
the
accuracy
assessments
currently
tied
timing
conditions
where
measured.
Summary
Research
has
although
challenges
remain
effective
use
both
traditional
alternative
characterization,
source
attribution
apportionment,
impact
evaluation.
npj Clean Water,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
2(1)
Published: March 4, 2019
Abstract
Human
exposure
to
pathogenic
viruses
in
environmental
waters
results
a
significant
global
disease
burden.
Current
microbial
water
quality
monitoring
approaches,
mainly
based
on
fecal
indicator
bacteria,
insufficiently
capture
human
health
impacts
posed
by
water.
The
emergence
of
the
‘microbiome
era’
and
high-throughput
metagenome
sequencing
has
led
discovery
novel
human-associated
viruses,
including
both
commensal
microbiome.
is
often
followed
their
detection
wastewater,
highlighting
great
diversity
potentially
present
environment.
Novel
provide
rich
reservoir
develop
viral
management
tools
with
diverse
applications,
such
as
regulating
wastewater
reuse
agricultural
recreational
waters.
Here,
we
review
pathway
from
tool,
highlight
select
identified
metagenomics
subsequently
detected
environment
(namely
Bocavirus,
Cosavirus,
CrAssphage,
Klassevirus,
Pepper
Mild
Mottle
Virus).
We
also
discuss
research
needs
enable
application
recently
discovered
monitoring,
investigating
geographic
distribution,
fate,
viability
potential
viruses.
Examples
suggest
that
pathogens
are
likely
be
less
abundant
sewage,
while
other
(e.g.,
bacteriophages
or
food)
more
but
human-specific.
improved
resolution
enabled
metagenomic
provides
opportunity
for
tools.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
55(21), P. 14480 - 14493
Published: Oct. 19, 2021
Enveloped
viruses
are
characterized
by
a
lipid-containing
envelope
that
encapsulates
the
virion,
and
they
have
been
cause
of
major
outbreaks
pandemics.
Some
enveloped
excreted
in
feces
other
bodily
fluids
infected
people
animals,
raising
question
their
fate
aquatic
environment.
Consequently,
we
conducted
systematic
review
meta-analysis
decay
rate
constants
(k)
from
12
families
(i.e.,
Coronaviridae,
Cystoviridae
(specifically
Phi6),
Filoviridae,
Hepadnaviridae,
Herpesviridae,
Orthomyxoviridae,
Paramyxoviridae,
Pneumoviridae,
Poxviridae,
Retroviridae,
Rhabdoviridae,
Togaviridae)
environmental
waters
wastewater
to
evaluate
kinetics
identify
virus
characteristics
influence
k.
A
total
812
k
met
inclusion
criteria
were
identified
literature,
with
number
for
each
family
ranging
0
560,
averaged
values
0.11
d–1
1.85
d–1.
Virus
type
genus,
species,
subspecies,
or
subtype),
method
enumeration
culture-based
(RT-)QPCR),
experimental
water
matrix
type,
temperature
sterility
found
significant
effects
on
Additionally,
statistically
significantly
greater
than
nonenveloped
viruses.
Multiple
linear
regression
models
allow
prediction
log10k
as
function
method,
temperature,
provided
six
had
sufficient
data
available
model
fitting
Phi6,
Togaviridae).
Compiled
multiple
can
be
used
inform
management
human
animal
waste,
operation
facilities,
exposure
risks
treatment
plant
workers
communities
living
regions
lack
facilities.
Given
limited
some
potential
water-related
transmission
route,
there
is
need
additional
collection
aid
academic
researchers,
public
health
agencies,
professionals
involved
outbreak
response.
FEMS Microbiology Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
47(4)
Published: June 7, 2023
The
impacts
of
nucleic
acid-based
methods
-
such
as
PCR
and
sequencing
to
detect
analyze
indicators,
genetic
markers
or
molecular
signatures
microbial
faecal
pollution
in
health-related
water
quality
research
were
assessed
by
rigorous
literature
analysis.
A
wide
range
application
areas
study
designs
has
been
identified
since
the
first
more
than
30
years
ago
(>1100
publications).
Given
consistency
assessment
types,
we
suggest
defining
this
emerging
part
science
a
new
discipline:
diagnostics
(GFPD)
Undoubtedly,
GFPD
already
revolutionized
detection
(i.e.,
traditional
alternative
general
indicator/marker
analysis)
source
tracking
host-associated
analysis),
current
core
applications.
is
also
expanding
many
other
areas,
including
infection
health
risk
assessment,
evaluation
treatment,
support
wastewater
surveillance.
In
addition,
storage
DNA
extracts
allows
for
biobanking,
which
opens
up
perspectives.
tools
can
be
combined
with
cultivation-based
standardized
indicator
enumeration,
pathogen
detection,
various
environmental
data
an
integrated
analysis
approach.
This
comprehensive
meta-analysis
provides
scientific
status
quo
field,
trend
analyses
statistics,
outlining
discusses
benefits
challenges
GFPD.