Concurrent Heat and Air Pollution Exposures among People Experiencing Homelessness DOI Creative Commons
Zachary Van Tol, Jennifer Vanos, Ariane Middel

et al.

Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 132(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Extreme heat and air pollution are important human health concerns; exposure can affect mental physical well-being, particularly during periods of co-occurrence. Yet, the impacts on people largely determined by underlying conditions, coupled with length intensity exposure. Preexisting adverse conditions prolonged times more common for experiencing homelessness, those intersectional identity characteristics (e.g., disease, ability, age, etc.). Partially due to methodological limitations, such as data scarcity, there is a lack research at intersection this at-risk population within climate-health domain.

Language: Английский

Historical Redlining Is Associated with Present-Day Air Pollution Disparities in U.S. Cities DOI Creative Commons

Haley M. Lane,

Rachel Morello‐Frosch, Julian Marshall

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 345 - 350

Published: March 9, 2022

Communities of color in the United States are systematically exposed to higher levels air pollution. We explore here how redlining, a discriminatory mortgage appraisal practice from 1930s by federal Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC), relates present-day intraurban pollution disparities 202 U.S. cities. In each city, we integrated three sources data: (1) detailed HOLC security maps investment risk grades [A ("best"), B, C, and D ("hazardous", i.e., redlined)], (2) year-2010 estimates NO2 PM2.5 levels, (3) demographic information 2010 census. find that have consistent nearly monotonic association with grade, especially pronounced (>50%) increments between most (grade A) least D) preferentially graded neighborhoods. On national basis, for substantially larger historical grade than they race ethnicity. However, within racial ethnic exposure persist, indicating redlining was only one many racially policies impacted communities. Our findings illustrate 80-year-old policy, continues shape systemic environmental States.

Language: Английский

Citations

303
The Relationship of Historical Redlining with Present-Day Neighborhood Environmental and Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review and Conceptual Model DOI Creative Commons
Carolyn B. Swope, Diana Hernández, Lara Cushing

et al.

Journal of Urban Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 99(6), P. 959 - 983

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

Following the Great Depression and related home foreclosures, federal government established new agencies to facilitate access affordable mortgages, including Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) Federal Housing Administration (FHA). HOLC FHA directed widespread neighborhood appraisals determine investment risk, referred as "redlining," which took into account residents' race. Redlining thereby contributed segregation, disinvestment, racial inequities in opportunities for homeownership wealth accumulation. Recent research examines associations between historical redlining subsequent environmental determinants of health health-related outcomes. In this scoping review, we assess extent current body evidence, range outcomes studied, key study characteristics, examining direction strength relationship redlining, environments, well different methodological approaches. Overall, studies nearly universally report evidence an association health-relevant outcomes, although heterogeneity design precludes direct comparison results. We critically consider regarding HOLC's causality offer a conceptual framework present-day health. Finally, point directions future improve broaden understanding redlining's enduring impact translate findings public planning practice.

Language: Английский

Citations

194
Fossil fuel racism in the United States: How phasing out coal, oil, and gas can protect communities DOI Creative Commons
T. Donaghy, Noel Healy,

Charles Y. Jiang

et al.

Energy Research & Social Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 100, P. 103104 - 103104

Published: May 11, 2023

Fossil fuels — coal, oil, and gas lie at the heart of interconnected crises we face, including climate change, racial injustice, public health. Each stage fossil fuel life cycle extraction, processing, transport, combustion generates toxic air water pollution, as well greenhouse (GHGs) emissions that drive global crisis. Addressing harmful effects energy decisions, unequal risk distribution across various governance levels, supply chains, political jurisdictions, is a complex task for policymakers society. A deeper understanding how harms are embodied within cycles needed. This paper provides narrative review recent studies United States (U.S.) document both health disproportionate impacts along cycle. In U.S. hazards from risks associated with fall disproportionately on Black, Brown, Indigenous, poor communities. "Sacrifice zones" systemic racism deeply intertwined fossil-fuel based economy. We argue subsidizes industry by enabling it to externalize costs pollution environmental degradation onto communities color. position "fossil racism" subset this framing useful because shifts analytical focus systems structures which actively protecting promoting continued production fuels. discuss implications body research policy, outline poorly designed "carbon-centric" policies—which narrowly GHGs reduction—could fail alleviate racialized disparities or potentially worsen some emphasize need move beyond carbon-centric approaches solutions more integrative policy design can improve health, tackle crisis, rectify our legacy racism. Specifically call managed phase out enactment wider programs social, economic, democratic reforms via Green New Deal. Adequately addressing crisis require disrupt power actions their state allies.

Language: Английский

Citations

72
Sociodemographic Factors Are Associated with the Abundance of PFAS Sources and Detection in U.S. Community Water Systems DOI Creative Commons
Jahred Liddie, Laurel A. Schaider, Elsie M. Sunderland

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(21), P. 7902 - 7912

Published: May 15, 2023

Drinking water contaminated by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is a widespread public health concern, exposure-response relationships are known to vary across sociodemographic groups. However, research on disparities in drinking PFAS exposures the siting of sources marginalized communities limited. Here, we use monitoring data from 7873 U.S. community systems (CWS) 18 states show that detection positively associated with number proportions people color who served these systems. Each additional industrial facility, military fire training area, airport CWS watershed was 10-108% increase perfluorooctanoic acid 20-34% perfluorooctane sulfonic water. Waste sector were also significantly concentrations. watersheds higher Hispanic/Latino non-Hispanic Black residents compared those without sources. serving had increased odds detecting several PFAS. This likely reflects contamination Results this work suggest addressing environmental justice concerns should be component risk mitigation planning for areas affected contamination.

Language: Английский

Citations

51
The Climate Gap and the Color Line — Racial Health Inequities and Climate Change DOI Open Access
Rachel Morello‐Frosch,

Osagie K. Obasogie

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 388(10), P. 943 - 949

Published: March 8, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

45
Increasing Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Ambient Air Pollution-Attributable Morbidity and Mortality in the United States DOI Creative Commons
Gaige Hunter Kerr, Aaron van Donkelaar, Randall V. Martin

et al.

Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 132(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5) threaten public health in the US, systemic racism has led to modern-day disparities distribution associated impacts of these pollutants.

Language: Английский

Citations

22
Historical Redlining Is Associated with Disparities in Environmental Quality across California DOI Creative Commons
Cesar O. Estien, Christine E. Wilkinson, Rachel Morello‐Frosch

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 54 - 59

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Historical policies have been shown to underpin environmental quality. In the 1930s, federal Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) developed most comprehensive archive of neighborhoods that would redlined by local lenders and Federal Housing Administration, often applying racist criteria. Our study explored how redlining is associated with quality across eight California cities. We integrated HOLC’s graded maps [grades A (i.e., “best” “greenlined”), B, C, D “hazardous” “redlined”)] 10 hazards using data from 2018 2021 quantify spatial overlap among hazards. found formerly poorer relative those other HOLC grades via higher pollution, more noise, less vegetation, elevated temperatures. Additionally, we intraurban disparities were consistently worse for hazards, having pollution burdens (77% vs 18% greenlined neighborhoods), noise (72% 18%), vegetation (86% 12%), temperature 20%), than their respective city’s average. findings highlight redlining, a policy abolished in 1968, remains an justice concern shaping Californian urban neighborhoods.

Language: Английский

Citations

21
A US perspective on closing the carbon cycle to defossilize difficult-to-electrify segments of our economy DOI Creative Commons
Wendy J. Shaw, Michelle K. Kidder, Simon R. Bare

et al.

Nature Reviews Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(5), P. 376 - 400

Published: May 1, 2024

Electrification to reduce or eliminate greenhouse gas emissions is essential mitigate climate change. However, a substantial portion of our manufacturing and transportation infrastructure will be difficult electrify and/or continue use carbon as key component, including areas in aviation, heavy-duty marine transportation, the chemical industry. In this Roadmap, we explore how multidisciplinary approaches enable us close cycle create circular economy by defossilizing these difficult-to-electrify those that need carbon. We discuss two for this: developing alternatives improving ability reuse carbon, enabled separations. Furthermore, posit co-design use-driven fundamental science are reach aggressive reduction targets. To achieve net-zero emissions, must industries electrify. Developing needed provide non-fossil accelerate advances towards defossilization.

Language: Английский

Citations

21
Indoor Air Sources of Outdoor Air Pollution: Health Consequences, Policy, and Recommendations: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report DOI
Nicholas J. Nassikas, Meredith C. McCormack, Gary Ewart

et al.

Annals of the American Thoracic Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. 365 - 376

Published: March 1, 2024

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <

Language: Английский

Citations

20
Measuring long-term exposure to wildfire PM 2.5 in California: Time-varying inequities in environmental burden DOI Creative Commons
Joan A. Casey, Marianthi‐Anna Kioumourtzoglou, Amy Padula

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(8)

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Wildfires have become more frequent and intense due to climate change outdoor wildfire fine particulate matter (PM

Language: Английский

Citations

19