International Journal of experimental research and review,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
46, P. 58 - 75
Published: Dec. 30, 2024
In
India,
a
wide
range
of
medicinal
plants
are
reported.
Since
ancient
times,
these
have
been
used
by
people
for
the
treatment
several
diseases.
Herbal
medicines
typically
fewer
side
effects
compared
to
synthetic
medicines,
and
they
also
non-expensive.
The
aim
this
study
is
evaluate
antioxidant,
in
vitro
anti-inflammatory
activity
through
HRBC
membrane
stabilization,
as
well
antimicrobial
potential
fruit
pulp
extracts
obtained
from
Aegle
marmelos
(A.
marmelos).
antioxidant
was
assessed
using
DPPH
assay.
Various
A.
viz.,
aqueous,
chloroform,
ethyl
acetate,
hexane,
methanol
L-ascorbic
acid
were
found
IC50
values
91.168
µg/mL,
153.22
195.58
164.741
µg/mL
39.488
respectively,
while
(standard)
it
57.823
µg/mL.
hexane
dependent
on
concentrations.
hemp
production
(IC50)
concentration
99.761
114.443
167.423
118.397
23.244
Likewise,
demonstrated
significant
against
clinical
pathogens.
Comparatively,
extract
showed
higher
than
that
other
four
extracts;
contributed
significantly
development
properties.
findings
study,
thus,
extract,
clearly
had
strongest
when
extracts.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
58(21), P. 9113 - 9124
Published: May 14, 2024
The
antioxidant
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
(6PPD)
and
its
oxidized
quinone
product
6PPD-quinone
(6PPD-Q)
in
rubber
have
attracted
attention
due
to
the
ecological
risk
that
they
pose.
Both
6PPD
6PPD-Q
been
detected
various
environments
humans
cohabit.
However,
date,
a
clear
understanding
of
biotransformation
potential
biomarker
for
exposure
are
lacking.
To
address
this
issue,
study
presents
comprehensive
analysis
extensive
across
species,
encompassing
both
vitro
vivo
models.
We
tentatively
identified
17
metabolites
vitro,
15
mice
vivo,
confirmed
presence
two
human
urine
samples.
Interestingly,
different
patterns
were
observed
species.
Through
semiquantitative
based
on
peak
areas,
we
found
almost
all
underwent
within
24
h
mice,
primarily
via
hydroxylation
subsequent
glucuronidation.
This
suggests
rapid
metabolic
processing
mammals,
underscoring
importance
identifying
effective
biomarkers
exposure.
Notably,
monohydroxy
6PPD-Q-O-glucuronide
consistently
most
predominant
our
studies,
highlighting
as
key
epidemiological
research.
These
findings
represent
first
data
set
mammalian
systems,
offering
insights
into
pathways
involved
possible
biomarkers.
Environmental Science & Technology Letters,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11(6), P. 619 - 625
Published: May 17, 2024
Despite
the
ubiquitous
use
of
textiles,
chemical
additives
used
in
textile
manufacturing,
their
human
exposure,
and
environmental
release
have
been
largely
overlooked.
Herein,
we
screened
for
numerous
additives,
including
synthetic
antioxidants,
organophosphate
esters,
phthalate
detecting
93
98
chemicals
78
items
clothing
(sum
concentration:
328
to
2.51
×
105
ng/g,
median:
2.77
104
ng/g).
Compared
with
esters
significantly
high
concentrations
antioxidants
(median:
ng/g)
were
found
clothes
both
children
adults.
Different
compositions
observed
between
cotton
artificial
fabrics,
3
times
higher
than
Dermal
contact
via
sweaty
may
be
a
major
exposure
pathway
2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenol
(contributing
39.1%
total
exposure);
thus,
it
is
recommended
avoid
rewearing
minimize
exposure.
Additionally,
emissions
through
laundry
wastewater
estimated
at
11.2
tons/year
China.
The
discharge
2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone
contributed
20.4%
input
into
treatment
plants
China,
indicating
non-negligible
source
this
chemical.
This
work
provides
comprehensive
evidence
unwanted
underscores
necessity
continuous
monitoring
risks
associated
products.
Environmental Science & Technology Letters,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11(9), P. 920 - 930
Published: Aug. 13, 2024
Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)
phosphite
(AO168)
is
a
widely
utilized
organophosphite
antioxidant
in
the
field
of
plastics.
Throughout
production
and
usage
processes,
AO168
can
undergo
oxidation
convert
into
tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)
phosphate
(AO168═O),
which
has
been
identified
as
one
novel
organophosphate
esters
(OPEs).
AO168═O
now
extensively
present
environment,
with
concentrations
generally
exceeding
those
traditional
OPEs
such
triphenyl
tri(2-chloroisopropyl)
phosphate.
Consequently,
emerged
significant
concern
that
receiving
attention
from
scientific
community.
However,
there
exists
some
controversy
regarding
formation
mechanisms
potential
risks
AO168═O.
This
Review
provides
comprehensive
overview
for
first
time
environmental
occurrence,
pathways,
toxicities,
linked
to
AO168═O,
aiming
assist
researchers
policymakers
obtaining
an
unbiased
description
its
impacts
on
both
environment
human
health.
Given
numerous
unresolved
aspects
surrounding
along
wide
greater
should
be
devoted
this
emerging
contaminant.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
58(27), P. 11935 - 11944
Published: June 24, 2024
Pollutants
in
human
milk
are
critical
for
evaluating
maternal
internal
exposure
and
infant
external
exposure.
However,
most
studies
have
focused
on
a
limited
range
of
pollutants.
Here,
15
pooled
samples
(prepared
from
467
individual
samples)
three
areas
the
Yangtze
River
Delta
(YRD)
China
were
analyzed
by
gas
chromatography
quadrupole
time-of-flight
mass
spectrometry.
In
total,
171
compounds
nine
types
preliminarily
identified.
Among
these,
16
compounds,
including
2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone
2-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone,
detected
first
time.
Partial
least-squares
discriminant
analysis
identified
ten
area-specific
pollutants,
2-naphthylamine,
9-fluorenone,
2-isopropylthianthrone,
benzo[a]pyrene,
among
Shanghai
(n
=
3),
Jiangsu
Province
6),
Zhejiang
6).
Risk
index
(RI)
values
calculated
indicated
that
legacy
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
(PAHs)
contributed
only
20%
total
RIs
PAHs
derivatives,
indicating
more
attention
should
be
paid
to
with
various
functional
groups.
Nine
priority
pollutants
YRD
The
important
4-tert-amylphenol,
caffeine,
2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone,
which
associated
apoptosis,
oxidative
stress,
other
health
hazards.
results
improve
our
ability
assess
risks
posed
milk.
Tire
wear
particles
(TWPs)
containing
tire
chemicals
(TWCs)
are
of
global
concern
due
to
their
large
emissions
and
potential
toxicity.
However,
TWP
contributions
urban
fine
poorly
understood.
Here,
72
paired
gas-phase
PM
