Human milk oligosaccharides: Shaping the infant gut microbiota and supporting health

Journal of Functional Foods, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 72, P. 104074 - 104074

Published: July 3, 2020

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are complex sugars which found in breast at significant concentrations and with unique structural diversity. These the fourth most abundant component of human after water, lipids, lactose yet provide no direct nutritional value to infant. Recent research has highlighted that HMOs have various functional roles play infant development. act as prebiotics by promoting growth beneficial intestinal bacteria thereby generating short-chain fatty acids critical for gut health. also directly modulate host-epithelial immune responses can selectively reduce binding pathogenic viruses epithelium preventing emergence a disease. This review covers current knowledge related biology their associated impact on

Language: Английский

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A Review of Bioactive Factors in Human Breastmilk: A Focus on Prematurity

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1307 - 1307

Published: June 10, 2019

Preterm birth is an increasing worldwide problem. Prematurity the second most common cause of death in children under 5 years age. It associated with a higher risk several pathologies perinatal period and adulthood. Maternal milk, complex fluid bioactive factors, best option for newborn. Its dynamic composition influenced by diverse factors such as maternal age, lactation period, health status. The aim present review to summarize current knowledge regarding some breastmilk, namely antioxidants, growth adipokines, cytokines, paying specific attention prematurity. revised literature reveals that highest levels these are found colostrum they decrease along period; preterm compared full-term lacking formula decreased donated milk. However, there still gaps inconclusive data, further research this field needed. Given fact many mothers unable complete breastfeeding, new information could be important develop infant supplements match human

Language: Английский

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Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Their Effects on the Host and Their Potential as Therapeutic Agents

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 24, 2021

Breastmilk is known to be very important for infants because it provides nutrients and immunological compounds. Among these compounds, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) represent the third most component of breastmilk after lipids lactose. Several experiments demonstrated beneficial effects components on microbiota, immune system epithelial barriers, which are three major biological systems. Indeed, HMOs induce bacterial colonization in intestinal tract, health. The gut bacteria can act directly indirectly by stimulating innate immunity controlling inflammatory reactions inducing an adaptive response a tolerogenic environment. In parallel, strengthen barrier, protecting host against pathogens. Here, we review molecular mechanisms different compartments highlight their potential use as new therapeutic agents, especially allergy prevention.

Language: Английский

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Breastfeeding enrichment of B. longum subsp. infantis mitigates the effect of antibiotics on the microbiota and childhood asthma risk

Med, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 92 - 112.e5

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Early antibiotic exposure is linked to persistent disruption of the infant gut microbiome and subsequent elevated pediatric asthma risk. Breastfeeding acts as a primary modulator during early life, but its effect on development has remained unclear.We harnessed CHILD cohort interrogate influence breastfeeding antibiotic-associated risk in subset children (n = 2,521). We then profiled microbiomes these 1,338) using shotgun metagenomic sequencing compared human milk oligosaccharide fatty acid composition from paired maternal samples for 561 infants.Children who took antibiotics without had 3-fold higher odds, whereas there was no such association received while breastfeeding. This benefit associated with widespread "re-balancing" taxonomic functional components microbiome. Functional changes protection were enriched Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis colonization. Network analysis identified selection fucosylated oligosaccharides that positively B. broader changes.Our data suggest have opposing effects enrichment reduced risk.This work supported part by Canadian Institutes Health Research; Allergy, Genes Environment Centres Excellence; Genome Canada; British Columbia.

Language: Английский

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Human Milk Microbiome—A Review of Scientific Reports

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(10), P. 1420 - 1420

Published: May 8, 2024

One of the most important bioactive components breast milk are free oligosaccharides, which a source energy for commensal intestinal microorganisms, stimulating growth Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides in child’s digestive tract. There is some evidence that maternal, perinatal, environmental-cultural factors influence modulation microbiome. This review summarizes research has examined composition microbiome may it. The manuscript highlights potential importance future development health children. origin bacteria thought to include mother’s tract (entero-mammary tract), bacterial exposure during breastfeeding, retrograde flow from infant’s mouth woman’s ducts. Unfortunately, despite increasingly more precise methods assessing microorganisms human milk, topic still quite limited requires scientific takes into account various conditions.

Language: Английский

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Immunomodulation by Human Milk Oligosaccharides: The Potential Role in Prevention of Allergic Diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 7, 2020

The prevalence and incidence of allergic diseases is rising these have become the most common chronic during childhood in Westernized countries. Early life forms a critical window predisposing for health or disease. Therefore, this can also be opportunity allergy prevention. Postnatally gut needs to mature, microbiome built which further drives training infant's immune system. Immunomodulatory components breastmilk protect infant crucial period by; providing nutrients that contain substrates microbiome, supporting intestinal barrier function, protecting against pathogenic infections, enhancing development facilitating tolerance. presence diverse human milk oligosaccharide (HMOS) mixture, containing several types functional groups, points engagement mechanisms related maturation gastrointestinal tract. In recent years, pathways impacted by HMOS been elucidated, including their capacity to; fortify composition, enhance production short chain fatty acids, bind directly pathogens interact with epithelium cells. exact underlying protective effects not fully elucidated yet. We hypothesize may involved utilized provide protection from developing at young age. review, we highlight immunomodulatory potential role prevention diseases. Recent studies proposed possible through contribute, either indirectly, via modification, induce oral Future research should focus on identification specific individual structures exert actions thereby contribute authentic mixture early

Language: Английский

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Integrated Analysis of Human Milk Microbiota With Oligosaccharides and Fatty Acids in the CHILD Cohort

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: May 16, 2019

Background: Human milk contains many bioactive components that are typically studied in isolation, including bacteria. We performed an integrated analysis of human oligosaccharides and fatty acids to explore their associations with microbiota. Methods: a sub-sample 393 mothers the CHILD birth cohort. Milk was collected at 3-4 months postpartum. Microbiota analysed by 16S rRNA gene V4 sequencing. Oligosaccharides were rapid high-throughput high performance gas liquid chromatography, respectively. Dimension reduction principal component for acids. Centre log-ratio transformation applied all three components. Associations between assessed using Spearman rank correlation, network visualization, multivariable linear regression, redundancy analysis, structural equation modelling. P-values adjusted multiple comparisons. Key covariates considered, fucosyltransferase-2 (FUT2) secretor status mother infant, method feeding (direct breastfeeding or pumped breast milk), maternal fish oil supplement use. Results: Overall, correlations strongest same type. For example, FUT2-dependent HMOs positively correlated each other, Staphylococcus negatively other core taxa. Some also observed different types. Using modelling, overall acid profile significantly associated microbiota composition. In addition, some individual (22:6n3 (docosahexaenoic acid), 22:5n3, 20:5n3, 17:0, 18:0) (fucosyl-lacto-N-hexaose, lacto-N-hexaose, lacto-N-fucopentaose I) α diversity, while others (C18:0, 3'-sialyllactose, disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose) Only few significant observed; notably, among pumps, Bifidobacterium prevalence lower abundances disialyl-lacto-N-hexaose. Additionally, non-secretor mothers, sialylated HMOs. Conclusion: approaches integrate analyse microbiota, oligosaccharides, acids, we which modified and/or practices. Additional research is needed further validate mechanistically characterize these determine relevance infant gut respiratory development health.

Language: Английский

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Bioactive Compounds in Infant Formula and Their Effects on Infant Nutrition and Health: A Systematic Literature Review

International Journal of Food Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2021, P. 1 - 31

Published: May 14, 2021

Infant formulas are an alternative to replace or supplement human milk when breastfeeding is not possible. The knowledge of milk’s bioactive compounds and their beneficial effects has attracted the interest researchers in field infant nutrition, as well technology food sciences that seek improve nutritional characteristics formulas. Several scientific studies evaluate optimization formula composition. compound inclusion been used upgrade quality nutrition In this context, purpose systematic literature review assess evidence present (α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, taurine, fat globule membrane, folates, polyamines, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, prebiotics, probiotics) on health. Through previously determined criteria, published last fifteen years from five different databases were included identify advances Over few years, there composition, only increase similarities content macro micronutrients but also include novel ingredients with potential health benefits for infants. Although industry advanced no consensus whether added have same functional found milk. Thus, further about impact fundamental

Language: Английский

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Milk Fatty Acid Profiles in Different Animal Species: Focus on the Potential Effect of Selected PUFAs on Metabolism and Brain Functions

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 1111 - 1111

Published: March 28, 2021

Milk contains several important nutrients that are beneficial for human health. This review considers the nutritional qualities of essential fatty acids (FAs), especially omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated (PUFAs) present in milk from ruminant non-ruminant species. In particular, impact on metabolism is discussed, including its effects central nervous system. addition, we presented data indicating how animal feeding-the main way to modify fat composition-may have a potential health, rearing feeding systems strongly affect quality within same Finally, results vivo studies aimed at supporting FA intake models, factors limiting their transferability humans were discussed.

Language: Английский

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Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Bacterial Profile Modulate Infant Body Composition during Exclusive Breastfeeding

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 2865 - 2865

Published: March 5, 2022

Human milk is a complex and variable ecosystem fundamental to the development of newborns. This study aimed investigate relationships between human oligosaccharides (HMO) bacterial profiles infant body composition. samples (n = 60) were collected at two months postpartum. Infant maternal composition was measured with bioimpedance spectroscopy. assessed using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing 19 HMOs quantitated high-performance liquid chromatography. Relative abundance taxa significantly associated concentrations several fucosylated sialylated HMOs. Individual bacteria HMO intakes also anthropometry, fat-free mass, adiposity. Furthermore, when data stratified based on secretor status, some these differed among infants born vs non-secretor mothers. In conclusion, in this pilot profile composition, associations modified by status. Future research designed increase understanding mechanisms which modulate should include addition concentrations.

Language: Английский

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