Functional effects of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs)

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 17, 2023

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most important solid component in human and act tandem with other bioactive components. Individual HMO levels distribution vary greatly between mothers by multiple variables, such as secretor status, race, geographic region, environmental conditions, season, maternal diet, weight, gestational age mode of delivery. HMOs improve gastrointestinal barrier also promote a bifidobacterium-rich gut microbiome, which protects against infection, strengthens epithelial barrier, creates immunomodulatory metabolites. fulfil variety physiologic functions including potential support to immune system, brain development, cognitive function. Supplementing infant formula is safe promotes healthy development revealing benefits for microbiota composition infection prevention. Because limited data comparing effect non-human HMOs, it not known if offer an additional clinical benefit over oligosaccharides. Better knowledge factors influencing their will help understand short- long-term benefits.

Language: Английский

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Human Milk Bioactive Components and Child Growth and Body Composition in the First 2 Years: A Systematic Review

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 100127 - 100127

Published: Oct. 5, 2023

Human milk (HM) contains macronutrients, micronutrients, and a multitude of other bioactive factors, which can have long-term impact on infant growth development. We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web Science to synthesize evidence published between 1980 2022 HM components anthropometry through 2 y age among term-born infants. From 9992 abstracts screened, 141 articles were included categorized based their reporting or components. Bioactives including hormones, oligosaccharides (HMOs), immunomodulatory are reported here, 75 from 69 unique studies observations 9980 dyads. Research designs, collection strategies, sampling times, geographic socioeconomic settings, practices, outcomes varied considerably. Meta-analyses not possible because data times inconsistent the included. Few measured intake, adjusted for confounders, precisely captured breastfeeding exclusivity, adequately described protocols. Only 5 (6%) had high overall quality scores. Hormones most extensively examined with 46 (n = 6773 dyads), compared 13 2640 dyads) HMOs 12 1422 Two conducted untargeted metabolomics. Leptin adiponectin demonstrated inverse associations growth, although several found no associations. No consistent individual outcomes. Among in HM, IL-6 relationships growth. Current research bioactives is largely inconclusive insufficient address complex composition HM. Future should ideally capture use biologically relevant anthropometrics, integrate across categories, embracing systems biology approach better understand how work independently synergistically influence

Language: Английский

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Exploring Maternal Diet-Epigenetic-Gut Microbiome Crosstalk as an Intervention Strategy to Counter Early Obesity Programming

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(5), P. 4358 - 4378

Published: May 6, 2024

Alterations in a mother’s metabolism and endocrine system, due to unbalanced nutrition, may increase the risk of both metabolic non-metabolic disorders offspring’s childhood adulthood. The obesity offspring can be determined by interplay between maternal nutrition lifestyle, intrauterine environment, epigenetic modifications, early postnatal factors. Several studies have indicated that fetal bowel begins colonize before birth that, during nursing, gut microbiota continues change. is primarily transferred fetus through environment. In this way, it able impact establishment neonatal microbiome, resulting signatures possibly predispose development later life. However, antioxidants exercise mother been shown improve metabolism, with improvements leptin, triglycerides, adiponectin, insulin resistance, as well weight mechanisms. Therefore, extensive literature review, we aimed investigate relationship diet, epigenetics, order expand on current knowledge identify novel potential preventative strategies for lowering children adults.

Language: Английский

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Human milk oligosaccharides: bridging the gap in intestinal microbiota between mothers and infants

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Breast milk is an essential source of infant nutrition. It also a vital determinant the structure and function intestinal microbial community, it connects mother microbiota. Human oligosaccharides (HMOs) are critical component in breast milk. HMOs can reach baby's colon entirely from become fermentable substrate for some microorganisms. enhance mucosal barrier affect host through immune function, which has therapeutic effect on specific diseases, such as necrotizing enterocolitis. In addition, changes microbiota reflect maternal link between infants related to Through breastfeeding, jointly bacteria. Therefore, positively influence establishment balance ensure function. be used supplement alternative therapy diseases.

Language: Английский

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Evidence for human milk as a biological system and recommendations for study design—a report from “Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)” Working Group 4

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 117, P. S61 - S86

Published: May 1, 2023

Human milk contains all of the essential nutrients required by infant within a complex matrix that enhances bioavailability many those nutrients. In addition, human is source bioactive components, living cells and microbes facilitate transition to life outside womb. Our ability fully appreciate importance this relies on recognition short- long-term health benefits and, as highlighted in previous sections supplement, its ecology (i.e., interactions among lactating parent breastfed well context itself). Designing interpreting studies address complexity depends availability new tools technologies account for such complexity. Past efforts have often compared formula, which has provided some insight into bioactivity milk, whole, or individual components supplemented with formula. However, experimental approach cannot capture contributions ecology, interaction between these matrix, significance itself enhance outcomes interest. This paper presents approaches explore biological system functional implications components. Specifically, we discuss study design data collection considerations how emerging analytical technologies, bioinformatics, systems biology could be applied advance our understanding critical aspect biology.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Maternal Secretor Status and Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Early Childhood Development: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Breastfeeding Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. 409 - 424

Published: April 5, 2024

Breast milk is the gold standard of infant nutrition, delivering nutrients and bioactive molecules as needed to support optimal growth cognitive development. Increasing evidence links human oligosaccharides (HMOs) these early childhood development milestones.

Language: Английский

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Relationships between the Intakes of Human Milk Components and Body Composition of Breastfed Infants: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 2370 - 2370

Published: May 18, 2023

Human milk provides all of the elements necessary for infant growth and development. Previous studies have reported associations between breastfeeding a reduced risk developing obesity late-onset metabolic disorders; however, underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Recently, intakes human components been associated with body composition, which is likely partially implicated in childhood among breastfed infants. In this systematic review, we searched electronic bibliographic databases that explored relationships 24 h macronutrients bioactive composition and/or parameters. Of 13 eligible studies, 10 assessed outcomes macronutrients, while 8 components. Significant time-dependent anthropometrics were found no concentrations several components, such as lactose, total protein, oligosaccharides, suggesting measuring without quantifying intake by may provide limited understanding. Future investigating effect on should consider actual employ standardised methods intake.

Language: Английский

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Synthesis of bioactive oligosaccharides and their potential health benefits

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 64(28), P. 10319 - 10331

Published: June 21, 2023

Oligosaccharides, a low polymerization degree of carbohydrate, possess various physiological activities, such as anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, anti-aging, anti-viral, and gut microbiota regulation, having widely used in food medical fields. However, due to the limited natural oligosaccharides, many un-natural oligosaccharides from complex polysaccharides are being studied for amplifying available pool oligosaccharides. More recently, were developed by using several artificial strategies, chemical degradation, enzyme catalysis, biosynthesis, then they can be applied sectors. Moreover, it has gradually become trend use biosynthesis realize synthesis with clear structure. Emerging research found that exert more comprehensive effects against human diseases through multiple mechanisms. these routes have not been critical reviewed summarized. Therefore, purpose this review is present preparations healthy effects, focus on diabetes, obesity, aging, virus, microbiota. Additionally, application multi-omics also discussed. Especially, needed apply disease models find out biomarkers respond dynamic change process

Language: Английский

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Breastfeeding Beyond Six Months: Evidence of Child Health Benefits

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(22), P. 3891 - 3891

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

Breastfeeding is globally recognized as the optimal method of infant nutrition, offering health benefits for both child and mother, making it a public priority. However, potential advantages breastfeeding extend well beyond initial months. Breast milk adapts to evolving needs growing infant, its immunological, microbiological, biochemical properties have been associated with enhanced protection against infections chronic diseases, improved growth development, lower rates hospitalization mortality. This review explores evidence supporting continuation six More meticulous studies employing consistent methodologies addressing confounders are essential. will enable more accurate determination extent mechanisms positive impact prolonged allow implementation effective strategies.

Language: Английский

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Breastfeeding Longitudinal Observational Study of Mothers and Kids—BLOSOM Cohort

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

The Breastfeeding Longitudinal Observational Study of Mothers and kids (BLOSOM) is a single-centre prospective cohort study conducted in Perth (Western Australia) that collected data from 2018 to 2020 aimed investigate the mechanisms by which human milk affects infant growth, health, body composition [...]

Language: Английский

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