Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial Origins

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 422 - 422

Published: March 13, 2023

Although there has been limited application in the field to date, human milk omics research continues gain traction. Human lipidomics and metabolomics is particularly important, given significance of lipids metabolites for infant health. For researchers conducting compositional analyses, it important consider origins these compounds. The current review aims provide a summary existing evidence on sources small metabolites. Here, we describe five major metabolites: de novo synthesis from mammary cells, production by microbiota, dietary consumption, release non-mammary tissue, gut microbiota. We synthesize literature understanding pathways context gland biology. recommend future focus areas elucidate lipid metabolite transport pathways. Better improve translation research, regarding modulation components health outcomes.

Language: Английский

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The infant gut microbiota: in pursuit of non-protein nitrogen

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 24, 2023

Diet shapes our gut microbiome from the day we are born. The contribution of dietary non-protein nitrogen to normal and healthy cycling in infant is scarcely described. Herein, review vitro vivo findings that show impact Human Milk Nitrogen (HMN) on microbiota colonizes early human life. We describe several sources, include creatine, creatinine, urea, polyamines free amino acids, key establishing bifidobacterium-dominated thus bifidogenic. Furthermore, parts HMN-related metabolism associated with a commensal microbiota. illustrate an overlap great diversity accessibility HMN by large This nonetheless shows importance research its effects activity composition potential effect life health.

Language: Английский

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A metabolomics analysis of interspecies and seasonal trends in ruminant milk: The molecular difference between bovine, caprine, and ovine milk

Journal of Dairy Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 107(9), P. 6511 - 6527

Published: May 23, 2024

Ruminant milk composition can be affected by many factors, primarily interspecies differences, but also environmental factors (e.g., season, feeding system, and feed composition). Pasture-based systems are known to influenced seasonal effects on grass composition. Spring pasture is rich in protein low fiber compared with late-season pasture, potentially inducing variability the of some metabolites across season. This study aimed investigate differences metabolome 3 major commercial ruminant species from factories New Zealand: bovine, caprine, ovine milk. Samples bovine (n = 41) caprine 44) raw were collected monthly for a period 9 mo (August 2016-April 2017), samples 20) 5 2016-January 2017). Milk subjected biphasic extraction, untargeted metabolite profiling was performed using 2 separate liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry analytical methods (polar lipids). Major observed between species, 414 587 (71%) polar features 210 233 (87%) lipid being significantly different species. Significant trends fraction (17, 24, 32 metabolites, respectively), suggesting that relative intensities more susceptible changes within seasons than We found no significant difference triglycerides (TG) measured milk, whereas 52 TG changed respectively, seasons. In addition, 4 phosphatidylcholines phosphatidylethanolamines varied 8 diglycerides The reported here provide knowledge base components linked physiochemical properties, potential health benefits Zealand pasture-fed dairy ingredients.

Language: Английский

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How could metabolomics change pediatric health?

˜The œItalian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 46(1)

Published: March 27, 2020

Abstract In the last years, ‘omics’ technologies, and especially metabolomics, emerged as expanding scientific disciplines promising technologies in characterization of several pathophysiological processes. detail, able to detect a dynamic way whole set molecules low molecular weight cells, tissues, organs, biological fluids, can provide detailed phenotypic portray, representing metabolic “snapshot.” Thanks its numerous strength points, metabolomics could become fundamental tool human health, allowing exact evaluation individual responses stimuli including drugs, environmental changes, lifestyle, great number diseases other epigenetics factors. Moreover, if current data will be confirmed on larger samples, such technology useful early diagnosis diseases, maybe even before clinical onset, monitoring disease progression helping performing best therapeutic approach, potentially predicting therapy response avoiding overtreatments. application nutrition significant information regimen, optimal infantile growth improvement commercial products’ composition. These are only some fields which was applied, perspective precision-based, personalized care health. this review, we discuss available literature topic evidence regarding heart auditory disturbance, nephrouropathies, adult pediatric cancer, obstetrics, perinatal conditions like asphyxia, neonatal nutrition, sepsis neuropsychiatric disorders, autism. Our research group has been interested since wide spectrum experimental studies, first analysis breast milk. future, it is reasonable predict that knowledge applied daily practice, sensible biomarkers easily detected through cheap accurate sticks, evaluating biofluids at patient’s bed, improving diagnosis, management prognosis sick patients medicine. A dream? May I am dreamer, but not one.

Language: Английский

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Using Community Ecology Theory and Computational Microbiome Methods To Study Human Milk as a Biological System

mSystems, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Human milk is a complex and dynamic biological system that has evolved to optimally nourish protect human infants. Yet, according recent priority-setting review, "our current understanding of composition its individual components their functions fails fully recognize the importance chronobiology systems biology in context synthesis, optimal timing duration feeding, period lactation" (P. Christian et al., Am J Clin Nutr 113:1063-1072, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab075). We attribute this critical knowledge gap three major reasons as follows. (i) Studies have typically examined each subsystem mother-milk-infant "triad" isolation often focus on single element or component (e.g., maternal lactation physiology microbiome oligosaccharides infant gut physiology). This undermines our ability develop comprehensive representations interactions between these elements study response external perturbations. (ii) Multiomics studies are cross-sectional, presenting snapshot composition, largely ignoring temporal variability during lactation. The lack resolution precludes characterization inference robust subsystems triad. (iii) computational methods represent decipher ecosystem triad environment. In we advocate for longitudinal multiomics data collection demonstrate how incorporating gleaned from microbial community ecology developed research can serve an anchor advance many "system within system."

Language: Английский

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