Nanozymes
are
a
new
class
of
nanomaterials
that
can
mimic
the
activity
some
natural
enzymes.
[1]
Thanks
to
their
versatility,
robustness,
low
manufacturing
costs,
and
long
shelf
life,
which
make
them
easier
handle
compared
counterparts,
nanozymes
have
been
widely
applied
in
clinical
diagnostic,
wastewater
pollutant
remediation,
proposed
as
antimicrobial,
environmental
treatments,
anticancer
agents,
etc.
[2]
Although
effect
nanozymes'
on
substrates
is
similar
enzymes,
catalytic
mechanisms
drastically
different,
usually
suffer
for
lower
specificity
activity.
[3]
These
aspects
often
overlooked
literature,
point
dominated
field
last
decade
oxidase-
(OX)
peroxidase-like
(POD)
activities,
such
cerium
iron
oxide
nanoparticles,
recently
questioned
catalysts
due
very
efficiency.
[4],
[5]
Thus,
studies
aiming
clarify
real
advantages
drawbacks
respect
counterparts
strongly
demanded
field,
especially
emerging
nanomaterials.Recently,
possessing
multi-enzymatic
emerged.
[6]
Among
them,
platinum
nanoparticles
(PtNPs),
displaying
OX,
POD,
catalase-like
(CAT)
gaining
momentum,
nanomedicine
reactive
oxygen
species
scavenging,
[7]
antioxidant
detection,
[8]
antimicrobial.
[9]
Nevertheless,
there
still
much
disclose
concerning
PtNPs
enzyme-like
how
these
affected
by
parameters.
Most
topic
based
computational
calculations,
with
little,
if
any,
[10]
experimental
validation,
performed
alloys
rather
than
pure
nanoparticles.
[11]
The
lack
in-depth
knowledge
this
regard
hinders
development
PtNP
applications
current
understanding
biological
behavior.In
work,
we
an
systematic
study
investigating
three
known
oxidoreductase-like
activities
function
different
chemical
physical
parameters,
varying
pH,
temperature,
buffer
media,
substrates.
We
observed
generally
more
active
at
acidic
increases
temperature.
Interestingly,
CAT-like
was
found
be
dependent
composition,
while
dependency
less
marked
OX-
POD-like
activities.
Different
colorimetric
assays
were
commonly
used
test
Surprisingly,
most
easily
produce
misleading
results,
instability
chromogenic
probes
conditions,
or
because
solvents,
employed
solubilize
substrates,
even
commercial
kits,
interfere
Furthermore,
sort
substrate
selectivity
nanozyme
observed,
related
affinity
surface
PtNPs.In
second
part
study,
Pt
enzymes:
mammal
catalase
activity,
fungal
laccase
OX-like
horseradish
peroxidase
(HRP)
To
compare
its
calculated
turnover
frequency
(TOF)
same
while,
recyclability
catalysts,
number
(TON).
Despite
differences
mechanisms,
comparable
one
enzymes
higher
harsh
where,
contrary,
become
inactive.In
investigated
underlying
properties.
Utilizing
detection
reagents
high
specific
radicals,
determined
hydroxyl
radical
main
player
CAT-
dissolved
concentration.
actually
deeply
interconnected
and,
although
they
occur
simultaneously,
favored
over
others
tuning
relative
concentration
catalyst.In
summary,
present
provides
comprehensive
characterization
multi-enzyme
important
insights
pivotal
interest
implementation
Pt-based
sensing
applications.
It
is
well-known
that
ceria
nanoparticles
(CNPs)
exhibit
significant
antioxidant
activity,
offering
potential
applications
in
the
treatment
of
ROS-related
pathologies.
This
activity
CNPs
as
a
nanozyme
typically
interpreted
by
considering
Ce(III)/Ce(IV)
equilibria
on
nanoparticles'
surface.
However,
validity
this
mechanism
has
never
been
directly
proven
biological
context.
Furthermore,
it
often
overlooked
after
endocytosis,
are
compartmentalized
within
endolysosomes,
while
ROS
primarily
located
cytoplasm,
making
their
direct
interaction
difficult.
study
presents
chemical
and
evidence
supporting
an
alternative
action.
By
utilizing
synchrotron
μXRF
μXANES
analysis
individual
cells,
shows
amount
Ce(III),
species
responsible
for
increases
linearly
with
time
where
accumulated,
vicinity.
Such
increase
can
be
explained
release
Ce3+
ions
resulting
from
partial
reductive
dissolution
acidic
environment
endolysosomes.
The
then
cross
endolysosomal
membrane,
reaching
cytosol,
they
exert
reducing
ROS.
In
fact,
neutralizing
pH
results
complete
inhibition
CNP
activity.
Consequently,
should
regarded
result
redox
processes
extend
beyond
surface
but
involve
complex
equilibria.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 26, 2024
Nerve
injury
represents
the
primary
reason
of
mortality
and
disability
in
ischemic
stroke,
but
effective
drug
delivery
to
region
cerebral
ischemia
hypoxia
poses
a
significant
challenge
neuroprotective
treatment.
To
address
these
clinical
challenges,
biomimetic
nanomotor,
Pt@LF
is
designed,
facilitate
deep
agents
inhibit
ferroptosis
stroke.
traverses
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
penetrates
into
ischemic-hypoxic
areas
due
active
targeting
capacity
apo-lactoferrin
(Apo-LF)
self-propelling
motion
properties
nanomotors.
Subsequently,
loosens
thrombus
alleviates
"no
reflow"
phenomenon
via
mechanical
thrombolysis.
Thanks
various
enzyme-like
abilities
multi-target
inhibition
capability,
ameliorates
inflammatory
microenvironment
rescues
dying
neurons.
In
conclusion,
demonstrates
efficiently
penetration
effects
vitro
vivo.
And
this
study
provides
promising
therapeutic
platform
for
treatment
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 3, 2024
Abstract
The
prevalence
of
neurological
dieases,
including
neurodegenerative,
neurotraumatic
disorders,
and
neuroinflammatory
conditions,
has
been
rising
due
to
global
population
aging
demographics.
A
key
factor
in
the
pathogenesis
these
disorders
is
hyperaccumulation
reactive
oxygen
nitrogen
species
(RONS).
Nanozymes
have
emerged
as
promising
candidates
for
neurotherapeutic
applications
owing
their
exceptional
catalytic
activity
stability.
Of
particular
note
ability
cross
blood‐brain
barrier
counteract
production
via
enzyme‐mimicking
characteristics.
In
this
review,
latest
advancements
theoretical
knowledge
research
domain
are
summarized.
Using
inherent
functionalities
Web
Science
bibliometric
methodologies,
annual
publication
trends
identified
extensively
explored
most
researched
topics
field.
antioxidant
reduction
chemistry
nanozymes
discussed,
highlighting
mimic
natural
oxidoreductase
inhibit
RONS
at
source.
Moreover,
review
delves
into
current
limitations
future
prospects
mechanisms
addressing
disorders.
significant
benefits
recent
developments
use
RONS‐regulating
treatment
diseases
emphasized,
offering
insights
therapeutic
broader
implications
neurology.
Small Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 9, 2024
The
highly
efficient
peroxidase‐like
activity
of
platinum
nanozymes
(3–20
nm
size)
is
exploited
within
the
complex
cellular
environment
to
catalyze
oxidation
DAB
substrate,
producing
an
electron‐dense
signal
around
nanozyme
surface,
upon
osmium
staining.
It
proved
that
such
amplification
can
achieve
a
catalytic
enhancement
up
10‐fold,
enabling
quick
detection
Pt
particles
(even
3
by
transmission
electron
microscopy
(TEM)
also
at
low
magnification
and
across
wide
fields
view
in
intricate
intracellular
milieu.
developed
procedure
ideally
suited
overcome
standard
strategies
currently
used
TEM
analysis,
as
gold
or
silver
enhancements.
Furthermore,
versatility
Pt‐nanozyme
probes
imaging
demonstrated
immuno‐EM
protein
trafficking
studies,
showing
their
potential
track
subcellular
localization
target
biomolecules
both
high
magnifications.
These
results
suggest
use
might
represent
paradigm
shift
conventional
systems
employed
for
analyses,
offering
enhanced
capabilities.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 29, 2024
Abstract
The
study
of
nano‐biointeractions,
at
the
forefront
interdisciplinary
research,
unveils
intricate
interplays
between
nanomaterials
(NMs)
and
intracellular
organelles,
which
are
pivotal
hubs
orchestrating
diverse
cellular
processes.
Thanks
also
to
formation
dynamic
contacts
among
their
membranes,
organelles
regulate
lipid
exchange,
calcium
signaling,
metabolic
pathways.
Recently,
potential
role
NMs
in
homeostasis
through
regulation
organelle
membrane
contact
sites
(MCSs)
is
emerging,
a
complete
overview
this
issue
still
lacking.
This
perspective
aims
elucidating
synergy
functional
site
underscoring
advancing
comprehension
cell
biology
mechanisms
fostering
therapeutic
breakthroughs.
subject
represents
crucial
aspect
as
it
can
reveal
new
molecular
targets
for
potentially
revolutionize
strategies.
Nanotechnology
may
offer
unprecedented
tools
decipher
manipulate
interfaces
with
remarkable
precision.
Engineered
serve
versatile
probes
effectors,
enabling
targeted
modulation
unraveling
intricacies
governing
dynamics.
Furthermore,
nano‐biointeraction‐driven
insights
hold
promise
innovations,
offering
novel
avenues
diseases
linked
dysregulated
contacts.
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18(32), P. 21302 - 21315
Published: July 31, 2024
Gold
nanoparticles
(AuNPs),
because
of
their
dual
plasmonic
and
catalytic
functionalities,
are
among
the
most
promising
nanomaterials
for
development
therapeutic
diagnostic
tools
severe
diseases
such
as
cancer
neurodegeneration.
Bacteriophages,
massively
present
in
human
biofluids,
emerging
revolutionary
biotechnological
they
can
be
engineered
to
display
multiple
specific
binding
moieties,
providing
effective
targeting
ability,
high
stability,
low
cost,
sustainable
production.
Coupling
AuNPs
with
phages
lead
an
advanced
generation
nanotools
great
potential
biomedical
applications.
In
study,
we
analyzed
interactions
between
differently
sized
filamentous
M13
phages,
establishing
characterization
platform
that
combines
analytical
techniques
computational
models
in-depth
understanding
these
hybrid
self-assembling
systems.
A
precise
structurally
interaction
AuNP–M13
complexes
was
observed,
leading
a
peculiar
head/tail
"tadpole-like"
configuration.
silico
simulations
allowed
explaining
mechanisms
underlying
preferential
assembly
route
information
about
AuNPs'
size-dependent
interplay
capsid
proteins.
The
structures
were
proven
biomimetic,
eluding
formation
biomolecular
corona.
By
keeping
biological
identity
virion,
nanostructures
maintained
natural
recognition/targeting
ability
even
presence
crowding.
addition,
able
tune
nanostructures'
tropism
toward
E.
coli
based
on
AuNP
size.
Overall,
our
results
set
fundamental
basis
standard
workflow
phage-based
nanotools,
valuable
wide
spectrum
nanotechnology
Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
244, P. 114161 - 114161
Published: Aug. 12, 2024
Cardiovascular
diseases
pose
a
significant
global
health
challenge,
contributing
to
high
mortality
rates
and
impacting
overall
well-being
quality
of
life.
Nitric
oxide
(NO)
plays
pivotal
role
as
vasodilator,
regulating
blood
pressure
enhancing
flow-crucial
elements
in
preventing
cardiovascular
diseases,
making
it
prime
therapeutic
target.
Herein,
metal-based
nanozymes
(NZs)
designed
induce
NO
release
from
both
endogenous
exogenous
NO-donors
are
investigated.
Successful
synthesis
gold,
platinum
(Pt)
cerium
NZs
is
achieved,
with
all
three
demonstrating
the
ability
catalyze
various
sources,
namely
S-nitrosothiols
diazeniumdiolates.
Pt-NZs
exhibit
strongest
performance
among
NZ
types.
Further
exploration
involved
investigating
encapsulation
coating
techniques
using
poly(lactic-co-glycolic
acid)
nanoparticles
experimental
carriers
for
Pt-NZs.
Both
strategies
showed
efficiency
serving
platforms
Pt-NZs,
successfully
showing
trigger
release.
