Microfluidic Organ-on-A-chip: A Guide to Biomaterial Choice and Fabrication

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 3232 - 3232

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

Organ-on-A-chip (OoAC) devices are miniaturized, functional, in vitro constructs that aim to recapitulate the vivo physiology of an organ using different cell types and extracellular matrix, while maintaining chemical mechanical properties surrounding microenvironments. From end-point perspective, success a microfluidic OoAC relies mainly on type biomaterial fabrication strategy employed. Certain biomaterials, such as PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane), preferred over others due their ease proven modelling complex systems. However, inherent nature human microtissues respond differently stimulations has led combination biomaterials ranging from simple chips 3D-printed polymers coated with natural synthetic materials, including hydrogels. In addition, recent advances 3D printing bioprinting techniques have powerful utilizing these materials develop devices. this narrative review, we evaluate used fabricate outlining pros cons A note combining made additive manufacturing (AM) for microfabrication systems is also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Organ-on-a-chip meets artificial intelligence in drug evaluation

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(13), P. 4526 - 4558

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Drug evaluation has always been an important area of research in the pharmaceutical industry. However, animal welfare protection and other shortcomings traditional drug development models pose obstacles challenges to evaluation. Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) technology, which simulates human organs on a chip physiological environment functionality, with high fidelity reproduction organ-level physiology or pathophysiology, exhibits great promise for innovating pipeline. Meanwhile, advancement artificial intelligence (AI) provides more improvements design data processing OoCs. Here, we review current progress that made generate OoC platforms, how single multi-OoCs have used applications, including testing, disease modeling, personalized medicine. Moreover, discuss issues facing field, such as large reproducibility, point integration OoCs AI analysis automation, is benefit future Finally, look forward opportunities faced by coupling AI. In summary, advancements development, combinations AI, will eventually break state

Language: Английский

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Nanotheranostics to target antibiotic-resistant bacteria: Strategies and applications

OpenNano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 100138 - 100138

Published: March 5, 2023

Various health agencies, such as the European Medical Agency (EMA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), timely cited upsurge of antibiotic resistance a severe threat to public global economy. Importantly, there is rise in nosocomial infections among covid-19 patients in-hospitalized with delineating disorder. Most are related bacteria residing biofilm, which commonly formed on material surfaces. In biofilms, microcolonies various live syntropy; therefore, their require higher dosage or cocktail broad-spectrum antibiotics, aggravating severity resistance. Notably, lack intrinsic antibacterial properties commercial-grade materials desires develop newer functionalized prevent biofilm formation To devise strategies, prepared at nanoscale demonstrated reasonable enhanced activity antimicrobial agents (that encapsulated/chemically onto surface). this manuscript, we compiled nanosized materials, specifying role targeting specific strains bacteria. We also enlisted examples nanomaterials, nanodevice, nanomachines, nano-camouflaging, nano-antibiotics bactericidal possible clinical implications.

Language: Английский

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Exploring synthesis and applications of green nanoparticles and the role of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment

Biotechnology Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 41, P. e00830 - e00830

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Current research endeavours are progressively focussing towards discovering sustainable methods for synthesising eco-friendly materials. In this environment, nanotechnology has emerged as a key frontier, especially in bioremediation and biotechnology. A few areas of including membrane technology, sophisticated oxidation processes, biosensors. It is possible to create nanoparticles (NPs) via physical, chemical, or biological pathways variety sizes forms. These days, the investigation plants substitutes NP synthesis drawn lot interest. Toxic water contaminants such methyl blue have been shown be removed upto 70% by nanoparticles. our article, we aimed at environmental sustainability cost-effectiveness green Furthermore it offers comprehensive thorough summary which can distinguished their ease use, financial sustainability, environmentally favourable utilisation plant extracts. This study highlights how potential transform manufacturing NPs while adhering stewardship principles resource efficiency.

Language: Английский

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Biomolecule-based engineered nanoparticles for Cancer Theranostics

Coordination Chemistry Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 530, P. 216489 - 216489

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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Advances in 3D skin bioprinting for wound healing and disease modeling

Regenerative Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Dec. 19, 2022

Abstract Even with many advances in design strategies over the past three decades, an enormous gap remains between existing tissue engineering skin and natural skin. Currently available vitro models still cannot replicate three-dimensionality heterogeneity of dermal microenvironment sufficiently to recapitulate known characteristics disorder or disease vivo. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting enables precise control multiple compositions, spatial distributions architectural complexity, therefore offering hope for filling structure function artificial Our understanding wound healing process would thus be boosted by development that could more completely capture heterogeneous features biology. Here, we provide overview recent 3D bioprinting, as well concepts cells bioinks suitable process. We focus on applications this technology physiological pathological model, focusing specifically appendages vasculature. conclude current challenges technical perspective further bioprinting.

Language: Английский

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Exploring Microbial-Based Green Nanobiotechnology for Wastewater Remediation: A Sustainable Strategy

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(23), P. 4187 - 4187

Published: Nov. 25, 2022

Water scarcity due to contamination of water resources with different inorganic and organic contaminants is one the foremost global concerns. It rapid industrialization, fast urbanization, low efficiency traditional wastewater treatment strategies. Conventional strategies, including chemical precipitation, membrane filtration, coagulation, ion exchange, solvent extraction, adsorption, photolysis, are based on adopting various nanomaterials (NMs) a high surface area, carbon NMs, polymers, metals-based, metal oxides. However, significant bottlenecks toxicity, cost, secondary contamination, size space constraints, energy efficiency, prolonged time consumption, output scalability. On contrary, green NMs fabricated using microorganisms emerge as cost-effective, eco-friendly, sustainable, safe, efficient substitutes for these This review summarizes state-of-the-art microbial-assisted strategies microbial cells, magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), bio-augmentation integrated bioreactors removing an extensive range addressing challenges associated Furthermore, comparative analysis efficacies microbe-assisted NM-based remediation strategy practices in light crucial factors like reusability, regeneration, removal adsorption capacity has been presented. The challenges, their alternate solutions, cutting-edge prospects nanobiotechnology integration advanced tools internet-of-nano-things, cloud computing, artificial intelligence have discussed. opens new window assist future research dedicated sustainable nanobiotechnology-based environmental applications.

Language: Английский

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Gut-on-a-chip models for dissecting the gut microbiology and physiology

APL Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

Microfluidic technologies have been extensively investigated in recent years for developing organ-on-a-chip-devices as robust vitro models aiming to recapitulate organ 3D topography and its physicochemical cues. Among these attempts, an important research front has focused on simulating the physiology of gut, with a distinct cellular composition featuring plethora microbial human cells that mutually mediate critical body functions. This led innovative approaches model fluid flow, mechanical forces, oxygen gradients, which are all developmental cues gut physiological system. A myriad studies demonstrated gut-on-a-chip reinforce prolonged coculture microbiota genotypic phenotypic responses closely mimic vivo data. Accordingly, excellent mimicry offered by gut-on-a-chips fueled numerous investigations clinical industrial applications devices years. In this review, we outline various designs, particularly focusing different configurations used microbiome intestinal cells. We then elaborate adopted key physiochemical stimuli explore how beneficial understanding pathophysiology testing therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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Vat photopolymerization 3D printed microfluidic devices for organ-on-a-chip applications

Lab on a Chip, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(16), P. 3537 - 3560

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Organs-on-a-chip, or OoCs, are microfluidic tissue culture devices with micro-scaled architectures that repeatedly achieve biomimicry of biological phenomena. They well positioned to become the primary pre-clinical testing modality as they possess high translational value. Current methods fabrication have facilitated development many custom OoCs generated promising results. However, reliance on microfabrication and soft lithographic techniques has limited their prototyping turnover rate scalability. Additive manufacturing, known commonly 3D printing, shows promise expedite this process, while also making easier more reproducible. We briefly introduce common printing modalities before identifying two sub-types vat photopolymerization - stereolithography (SLA) digital light processing (DLP) most advantageous for future OoC development. then outline motivations shifting requirements printed be competitive current state art, several considerations achieving successful touching design techniques, including a survey commercial printers resins. In all, we aim form guide end-user facilitate in-house generation along translation these important devices.

Language: Английский

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Advancement in Biopolymer Assisted Cancer Theranostics

ACS Applied Bio Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(10), P. 3959 - 3983

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

Applications of nanotechnology have increased the importance research and nanocarriers, which revolutionized method drug delivery to treat several diseases, including cancer, in past few years. Cancer, one world's fatal has drawn scientists' attention for its multidrug resistance various chemotherapeutic drugs. To minimize side effects agents on healthy cells develop technological advancement systems, scientists developed an alternative approach delivering drugs at targeted site by integrating it inside nanocarriers like synthetic polymers, nanotubes, micelles, dendrimers, magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots (QDs), lipid nano-biopolymeric substances, etc., shown promising results both preclinical clinical trials cancer management. Besides that, especially biopolymeric received much from researchers due their cost-effectiveness, biodegradability, treatment efficacy, ability target crossing blood-brain barrier. This review emphasizes fabrication processes, therapeutic theragnostic applications, different targeting vitro vivo, conclude with challenges opportunities future exploration using onco-therapy improved availability reduced toxicity.

Language: Английский

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