Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Nov. 11, 2020
Since
gaining
popularity
over
50
years
ago,
plastic
has
transformed
our
world,
with
many
aspects
of
modern
life
relying
on
materials.
However,
the
qualities
which
have
made
an
attractive
resource,
such
as
ease
mass
production
and
advantageous
strength-to-weight
ratio,
are
equally
responsible
for
damage
that
is
typically
caused
once
it
becomes
waste.
In
recent
years,
biological
degradation
emerged
one
way
to
address
these
unforeseen
consequences.
This
strategy
involves
using
microorganisms,
primarily
bacteria
fungi,
enzymes
capable
catalyzing
degradative
reactions,
break
apart
into
its
original
components.
The
focus
this
review
will
be
microbial
hydrolase
found
act
polyethylene
terephthalate
or
PET
plastic,
widely
packaging
synthetic
fibers
among
other
forms.
best
characterized
examples
discussed
along
use
metagenomic
protein
engineering
technologies
in
obtaining
application.
addition,
obstacles
currently
limiting
development
efficient
bioprocesses
presented.
By
continuing
study
possible
mechanisms
key
enzyme
structural
elements
behind
hydrolysis
assessing
ability
under
practical
conditions,
research
can
progress
towards
large-scale
waste
management
operations.
Finally,
contribution
hydrolases
creating
a
circular
economy
explored
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: April 21, 2020
Growing
accumulation
of
plastic
wastes
has
become
a
severe
environmental
and
social
issue.
It
is
urgent
to
develop
innovative
approaches
for
disposal
wastes.
Recently,
reports
on
biodegradation
synthetic
plastics
by
microorganisms
or
enzymes
spring
up,
which
arouses
our
great
enthusiasms
the
biological
treatment
technology
In
this
review,
we
comprehensively
summarize
that
have
been
reported
be
able
degrade
variety
generally
used
such
as
polyethylene
(PE),
polystyrene
(PS),
polypropylene
(PP),
polyvinyl
chloride
(PVC),
polyurethane
(PUR)
terephthalate
(PET).
addition,
highlight
microbial
metabolic
pathways
oligomers
monomers
styrene,
terephthalic
acid
(TPA)
ethylene
glycol
(EG),
current
attempts
towards
utilization
feedstocks
production
chemicals
with
high
value.
Taken
together,
these
findings
will
contribute
build
conception
bio-upcycling
connecting
biosynthesis
valuable
in
microorganisms.
Last
but
not
least,
discuss
challenges
toward
degradation
valorization
ACS Catalysis,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11(3), P. 1340 - 1350
Published: Jan. 13, 2021
Nature
has
provided
a
fantastic
array
of
enzymes
that
are
responsible
for
essential
biochemical
functions
but
not
usually
suitable
technological
applications.
Not
content
with
the
natural
repertoire,
protein
engineering
holds
promise
to
extend
applications
improved
tailored
properties.
However,
robust
proteins
remains
difficult
task
since
positive
mutation
library
may
cooperate
reach
target
function
in
most
cases
owing
ubiquity
epistatic
effects.
The
main
demand
lies
identifying
an
efficient
path
accumulated
mutations.
Herein,
we
devised
computational
strategy
(greedy
engineering,
GRAPE)
improve
robustness
PETase
from
Ideonella
sakaiensis.
A
systematic
clustering
analysis
combined
greedy
accumulation
beneficial
mutations
computationally
derived
enabled
redesign
variant,
DuraPETase,
which
exhibits
apparent
melting
temperature
is
drastically
elevated
by
31
°C
and
strikingly
enhanced
degradation
toward
semicrystalline
poly(ethylene
terephthalate)
(PET)
films
(30%)
at
mild
temperatures
(over
300-fold).
Complete
biodegradation
2
g/L
microplastics
water-soluble
products
under
conditions
also
achieved,
opening
up
opportunities
steer
biological
uncollectable
PET
waste
further
conversion
resulting
monomers
high-value
molecules.
crystal
structure
revealed
individual
match
design
model.
Concurrently,
synergistic
effects
captured,
while
interactions
alleviated
during
process.
We
anticipate
our
will
provide
broadly
applicable
global
optimization
enzyme
performance.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
117(41), P. 25476 - 25485
Published: Sept. 28, 2020
Significance
Deconstruction
of
recalcitrant
polymers,
such
as
cellulose
or
chitin,
is
accomplished
in
nature
by
synergistic
enzyme
cocktails
that
evolved
over
millions
years.
In
these
systems,
soluble
dimeric
oligomeric
intermediates
are
typically
released
via
interfacial
biocatalysis,
and
additional
enzymes
often
process
the
into
monomers
for
microbial
uptake.
The
recent
discovery
a
two-enzyme
system
polyethylene
terephthalate
(PET)
deconstruction,
which
employs
one
to
convert
polymer
another
produce
constituent
PET
(MHETase),
suggests
may
be
evolving
similar
deconstruction
strategies
synthetic
plastics.
This
study
on
characterization
MHETase
synergy
depolymerization
inform
cocktail-based
plastics
upcycling.
Green Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
24(23), P. 8899 - 9002
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
This
paper
reviewed
the
entire
life
cycle
of
plastics
and
options
for
management
plastic
waste
to
address
barriers
industrial
chemical
recycling
further
provide
perceptions
on
possible
opportunities
with
such
materials.
Joule,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
5(9), P. 2479 - 2503
Published: July 15, 2021
Esterases
have
emerged
as
important
biocatalysts
for
enzyme-based
polyester
recycling
of
poly(ethylene
terephthalate)
(PET)
to
terephthalic
acid
(TPA)
and
ethylene
glycol
(EG).
Here,
we
present
process
modeling,
techno-economic,
life-cycle,
socioeconomic
impact
analyses
an
enzymatic
PET
depolymerization-based
process,
which
compare
with
virgin
TPA
manufacturing.
We
predict
that
enzymatically
recycled
(rTPA)
can
be
cost-competitive
highlight
key
areas
achieve
this.
In
addition
favorable
long-term
benefits,
rTPA
reduce
total
supply
chain
energy
use
by
69%–83%
greenhouse
gas
emissions
17%–43%
per
kg
TPA.
An
economy-wide
assessment
the
US
estimates
environmental
impacts
up
95%
while
generating
45%
more
also
relative
production.
Sensitivity
impactful
research
opportunities
pursue
toward
realizing
biological
upcycling.
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
123(9), P. 5612 - 5701
Published: March 14, 2023
Plastics
are
everywhere
in
our
modern
way
of
living,
and
their
production
keeps
increasing
every
year,
causing
major
environmental
concerns.
Nowadays,
the
end-of-life
management
involves
accumulation
landfills,
incineration,
recycling
to
a
lower
extent.
This
ecological
threat
environment
is
inspiring
alternative
bio-based
solutions
for
plastic
waste
treatment
toward
circular
economy.
Over
past
decade,
considerable
efforts
have
been
made
degrade
commodity
plastics
using
biocatalytic
approaches.
Here,
we
provide
comprehensive
review
on
recent
advances
enzyme-based
biocatalysis
design
related
processes
recycle
or
upcycle
plastics,
including
polyesters,
polyamides,
polyurethanes,
polyolefins.
We
also
discuss
scope
limitations,
challenges,
opportunities
this
field
research.
An
important
message
from
that
polymer-assimilating
enzymes
very
likely
part
solution
reaching
