2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine as a Novel Matrix for Enhanced MALDI Imaging of Tissue Metabolites

Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(13), P. 5160 - 5169

Published: March 12, 2024

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), which is a label-free technique, determines the spatial distribution and relative abundance of versatile endogenous metabolites in tissues. Meanwhile, matrix selection generally regarded as pivotal step MALDI tissue imaging. This study presents first report novel matrix, 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (HNTP), for

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary origins of synchronization for integrating information in neurons

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

The evolution of brain-expressed genes is notably slower than that expressed in other tissues, a phenomenon likely due to high-level functional constraints. One such constraint might be the integration information by neuron assemblies, enhancing environmental adaptability. This study explores physiological mechanisms neurons through three types synchronization: chemical, electromagnetic, and quantum. Chemical synchronization involves diffuse release neurotransmitters like dopamine acetylcholine, causing transmission delays several milliseconds. Electromagnetic encompasses action potentials, electrical gap junctions, ephaptic coupling. Electrical junctions enable rapid within cortical GABAergic networks, while coupling allows structures axon bundles synchronize extracellular electromagnetic fields, surpassing speed chemical processes. Quantum hypothesized involve ion coherence during channel passage entanglement photons myelin sheath. Unlike finite-time seen processes, quantum provides instantaneous non-local states. Neurons have evolved from diffusion temporal synchronization, with networks potentially facilitating both fast gamma band coherence. mini-review compiles literature on these types, offering new insights into address binding problem assemblies.

Language: Английский

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Serotonin signaling at cilia synapses

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 92, P. 102994 - 102994

Published: March 12, 2025

Language: Английский

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Computational insights into the adsorption of norepinephrine neurotransmitter onto B12N12 nanocage

Diamond and Related Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 111600 - 111600

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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The Emerging Role of Water Loss in Dog Aging

Cells, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 545 - 545

Published: April 4, 2025

Aging involves progressive physiological changes, including the dysregulation of water homeostasis, essential for cellular function, neuronal signaling, and musculoskeletal integrity. This review explores emerging role loss as a central underestimated driver functional decline in aging, with focus on dog, both clinically relevant target species model human aging. Age-related alterations metabolism—driven by changes body composition, aquaporin (AQP) expression, electrolyte imbalances, reduced thirst perception, impaired urine concentration—lead to intracellular extracellular dehydration, exacerbating decline. We examine molecular mechanisms regulation involving AQPs osmolytes, describe how dehydration contributes structural metabolic dysfunction across key biological compartments, kidney, brain, bone, skeletal muscle. Physiological hallmark intensifies inflammaging, accelerating tissue degeneration. In particular, we highlight impairs solvent capacity, solute transport, protein conformation, communication. Despite known macronutrients geriatric nutrition, hydration remains an often-overlooked factor aging management. argue its inclusion fourth pillar nutritional approach veterinary geriatrics, alongside protein, fat, fiber. By investigating aging-associated dogs—species that share environments lifestyle patterns humans—we propose hydration-centered strategies promote healthy comparative medicine.

Language: Английский

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Adopting whole-brain computational modelling to investigate neurophysiological features associated with cognition

˜The œPsychology of learning and motivation/˜The œpsychology of learning and motivation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Lethal Interactions of neuronal networks in epilepsy mediated by both synaptic and volume transmission indicate approaches to prevention

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 249, P. 102770 - 102770

Published: April 19, 2025

Language: Английский

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Investigation of neuromodulation of the endbulb of Held synapse in the cochlear nucleus by serotonin and norepinephrine

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: April 28, 2025

Synapses vary greatly in synaptic strength and plasticity, even within the same circuitry or set of pre- postsynaptic neurons. Neuromodulation is a candidate mechanism to explain some this variability. Neuromodulators such as monoamines can differentially regulate presynaptic function neuronal excitability. Variability found also for large calyceal synapses auditory pathway that display high vesicle (SV) release probability (Pvr) currents vitro enabling reliable temporally precise transmission information. In study, we investigated whether endbulb Held synapse formed by nerve fibers onto bushy cells (BCs) anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) mice modulated norepinephrine (NE) serotonin (5-HT). We used electron microscopy (EM) (CN) investigate presence monoaminergic projections. Furthermore, performed immunohistochemistry study localization monoamine transporters receptors AVCN. patch-clamp recordings from BCs spontaneous evoked well short-term plasticity excitability BCs. EM evidence putative varicosities both ventral dorsal divisions CN. Immunostaining vesicular 5-HT NE revealed NE-containing 5-HT-containing AVCN, juxtaposed endbulbs detected immunofluorescence 5-HT1B, 5-HT4, 5-HT7 (R) α2C-adrenergic (AR) Patch-clamp an increase frequency miniature excitatory (mEPSCs) upon application but not 5-HT. Evoked was unaffected either Similarly, when studying biophysical properties BCs, did observe effects on low-voltage-activated K+ ( KLVA+ ) hyperpolarization-activated mixed cation (HCN) channels during application. summary, report innervation subtle functional NE-neuromodulation at synapse.

Language: Английский

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Reversible Morphological Remodeling of Prefrontal and Hippocampal Serotonergic Fibers by Fluoxetine

ACS Chemical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 1702 - 1711

Published: March 4, 2024

Serotonin-releasing fibers depart from the raphe nuclei to profusely innervate entire central nervous system, displaying in some brain regions high structural plasticity response genetically induced abrogation of serotonin synthesis. Chronic fluoxetine treatment used as a tool model peri-physiological, clinically relevant elevation is also able cause rearrangements serotonergic innervating hippocampus. Whether this effect limited hippocampal-innervating or extends other populations axons not known. Here, we confocal imaging and three-dimensional (3-D) modeling analysis expand our morphological investigation fluoxetine-mediated effects on circuitry. We found that chronic with behaviorally active dose affects morphology reduces density medial prefrontal cortex, region strongly implicated regulation depressive- anxiety-like behavior. Axons somatosensory cortex were unaffected, suggesting differential susceptibility changes across cortical areas. Importantly, 1-month washout period was sufficient reverse both previously characterized hippocampus, well normalize behavior, highlighting an intriguing relationship between axon antidepressant-like effect. Overall, these results further demonstrate bidirectional defined provide additional insights into system.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Serotonin Deficiency on Circadian Dopaminergic Rhythms

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(12), P. 6475 - 6475

Published: June 12, 2024

Physiology and behavior are structured temporally to anticipate daily cycles of light dark, ensuring fitness survival. Neuromodulatory systems in the brain—including those involving serotonin dopamine—exhibit oscillations neural activity help shape circadian rhythms. Disrupted neuromodulation can cause abnormalities that thought underlie several neuropsychiatric disorders, including bipolar mania schizophrenia, for which a mechanistic understanding is still lacking. Here, we show genetically depleting Tph2 knockout mice promotes manic-like behaviors disrupts dopamine biosynthetic enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) midbrain dopaminergic nuclei. Specifically, while TH mRNA protein levels Substantia Nigra (SN) Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) wild-type doubled between dark phase, were high throughout day mice, suggesting hyperdopaminergic state. Analysis expression striatal terminal fields also showed blunted Additionally, found low abundance rhythmicity neuropeptide cholecystokinin (Cck) VTA whose downregulation has been implicated states both rodents humans. Altogether, our results point previously unappreciated serotonergic control signaling propose dysfunction as an upstream mechanism underlying deregulation ultimately maladaptive behaviors.

Language: Английский

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