Nanozymes: Definition, Activity, and Mechanisms

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(10)

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Abstract “Nanozyme” is used to describe various catalysts from immobilized inorganic metal complexes, enzymes nanoparticles. Here, the history of nanozymes dvescribed in detail, and they can be largely separated into two types. Type 1 refer or on nanomaterials, which were dominant first decade since 2004. 2 nanozymes, rely surface catalytic properties are dominating type past decade. The definition evolving, a based same substrates products as able cover most currently claimed although may have different mechanisms compared their enzyme counterparts. A broader inspire application‐based research replace with nanomaterials for analytical, environmental, biomedical applications. Comparison also requires clear nanozyme unit. Four ways defining unit described, iron oxide horseradish peroxidase activity comparison examples each definition. Growing work devoted understanding mechanism provides basis further rational engineering active sites. Finally, future perspective field discussed.

Language: Английский

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Machine‐Learning‐Assisted Nanozyme Design: Lessons from Materials and Engineered Enzymes

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(10)

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

Abstract Nanozymes are nanomaterials that exhibit enzyme‐like biomimicry. In combination with intrinsic characteristics of nanomaterials, nanozymes have broad applicability in materials science, chemical engineering, bioengineering, biochemistry, and disease theranostics. Recently, the heterogeneity published results has highlighted complexity diversity terms consistency catalytic capacity. Machine learning (ML) shows promising potential for discovering new materials, yet it remains challenging design based on ML approaches. Alternatively, is employed to promote optimization intelligent application engineered enzymes. Incorporation successful algorithms used enzymes can concomitantly facilitate guided development next‐generation desirable properties. Here, recent progress ML, its utilization enzymes, how emergent applications serve as strategies circumvent challenges associated time‐expensive laborious testing nanozyme research summarized. The examples ML‐aided also highlighted, special focus unified aims enhancing recapitulation substrate selectivity activity.

Language: Английский

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Designing nanozymes for in vivo applications

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(10), P. 849 - 868

Published: July 18, 2024

Language: Английский

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Data-Driven Evolutionary Design of Multienzyme-like Nanozymes

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 146(11), P. 7565 - 7574

Published: March 6, 2024

Multienzyme-like nanozymes are nanomaterials with multiple enzyme-like activities and the focus of nanozyme research owing to their ability facilitate cascaded reactions, leverage synergistic effects, exhibit environmentally responsive selectivity. However, multienzyme-like varying under different conditions, making them difficult precisely regulate according design requirements. Moreover, individual activity in a may accelerate, compete, or antagonize each other, rendering overall complex interplay these factors rather than simple sum single activity. A theoretically guided strategy is highly desired accelerate nanozymes. Herein, information was collected from 4159 publications build database covering element type, ratio, chemical valence, shape, pH, etc. Based on clustering correlation coefficients information, material features distinct classifications were reorganized generate compositional for advanced methods developed, including quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics method analyzing surface adsorption binding energies substrates, transition states, products reaction pathways, along machine learning algorithms identify optimal pathway, aid evolutionary This approach culminated creating CuMnCo7O12, active nanozyme. process named genetic-like because it resembles biological genetic evolution nature offers feasible protocol theoretical foundation constructing

Language: Английский

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Multi-signal sensor array based on a fluorescent nanozyme for broad-spectrum screening of pesticides

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 482, P. 148784 - 148784

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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Design of a Zn-based nanozyme injectable multifunctional hydrogel with ROS scavenging activity for myocardial infarction therapy

Acta Biomaterialia, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 177, P. 62 - 76

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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Metrology of Platinum Nanozymes: Mechanistic Insights and Analytical Issues

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(24)

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Abstract Thanks to their properties, stability, and multifunctionality, nanozymes are increasingly impacting several fields, including medicine, diagnostics, environmental science. However, clear information about catalytic properties mechanisms is still lacking. Several critical issues currently under discussions, such as the absence of univocally accepted mechanisms, standardized protocols for directly comparing versus enzymes, a comprehensive characterization performance in different chemical/biological environments. All these strongly limit advancement field. Herein, metrology analysis both methodological procedures attempted, taking platinum case study thanks multifunctional features. The oxidoreductase activities Pt‐nanozymes (i.e., peroxidase‐, oxidase‐, catalase‐like reactions) critically investigated physical/chemical environments, clarifying fundamental aspects providing general guidelines nanozyme characterization. Furthermore, PtNP compared with natural enzymes conditions, behavior evaluated by calculating turnover frequency (TOF) normalization strategies. results highlight that efficient catalysts, exhibiting outstanding activity. This work clarifies key points concerning Pt‐nanozyme metrological issues, workflow can become reference characterizations.

Language: Английский

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Harmonizing Enzyme‐like Cofactors to Boost Nanozyme Catalysis

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(11)

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Engineering isolated metal sites resembling the primary coordination sphere of metallocofactors enables atomically dispersed materials as promising nanozymes. However, most existing nanozymes primarily focus on replicating specific while neglecting other supporting cofactors within active pockets, leading to reduced electron transfer (ET) efficiency and thus inferior catalytic performances. Herein, we report a metal-organic framework UiO-67 nanozyme with iron sites, which involves multiple tailored enzyme-like nanocofactors that synergistically drive ET process for enhanced peroxidase-like catalysis. Among them, linker-coupled atomic site plays critical role in substrate activation, bare linkers zirconia nodes facilitate intermediates. The synergy three results 4.29-fold enhancement compared single effort site-based nanocofactor, holding promise immunoassay sensitive detection chlorpyrifos. This finding opens new way designing high-performance by harmonizing various at molecular scale.

Language: Английский

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When nanozymes meet deoxyribonucleic acid: Understanding their interactions and biomedical diagnosis applications

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(2)

Published: March 4, 2024

Abstract As emerging alternatives to natural enzymes, nanoscale materials featuring enzyme‐like catalytic behaviors (nanozymes) exhibit some attractive merits including robust activity, low cost, and easy‐to‐regulate performance. These have enabled them be intensively used in the biomedical field recent years. To remedy lack of selectivity most nanozymes, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) chains with specific recognition functions are utilized integrate nanozymes produce various nanozyme–DNA combinations via adsorption/desorption. In formed combinations, DNA component provides molecular/ionic role, nanozyme part offers response catalytically amplified signals, enabling detect analytes biomarkers selectively sensitively. highlight this interesting topic, here we made a critical review interactions between their applications biosensing disease diagnosis. First, strategies for conjugation onto surface were introduced briefly. Then, summarized detail, where flexible modulations activity by adsorption/desorption as well factors analyzed, potential impacts caused on characteristics pointed out. After that, typical DNA‐mediated modulation toxic ion sensing, health risk factor monitoring, diagnosis introduced. end, prospects combination presented, future challenges also discussed, attract more interest effort advance promising area.

Language: Английский

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Nanozyme‐Enabled Biomedical Diagnosis: Advances, Trends, and Challenges

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 13, 2024

Abstract As nanoscale materials with the function of catalyzing substrates through enzymatic kinetics, nanozymes are regarded as potential alternatives to natural enzymes. Compared protein‐based enzymes, exhibit attractive characteristics low preparation cost, robust activity, flexible performance adjustment, and versatile functionalization. These advantages endow them wide use from biochemical sensing environmental remediation medical theranostics. Especially in biomedical diagnosis, feature catalytic signal amplification provided by makes emerging labels for detection biomarkers diseases, rapid developments observed recent years. To provide a comprehensive overview progress made this dynamic field, here an diagnosis enabled is provided. This review first summarizes synthesis nanozyme then discusses main strategies applied enhance their activity specificity. Subsequently, representative utilization combined biological elements disease reviewed, including related metabolic, cardiovascular, nervous, digestive diseases well cancers. Finally, some development trends nanozyme‐enabled highlighted, corresponding challenges also pointed out, aiming inspire future efforts further advance promising field.

Language: Английский

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