Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
58(20), P. 9000 - 9012
Published: May 6, 2024
Additive
manufacturing
(AM)
offers
a
variety
of
material
techniques
for
wide
range
applications
across
many
industries.
Most
efforts
at
process
optimization
and
exposure
assessment
AM
are
centered
around
the
process.
However,
identifying
allocation
potentially
harmful
exposures
in
end-of-life
(EoL)
management
is
equally
crucial
to
mitigating
environmental
releases
occupational
health
impacts
within
supply
chain.
This
research
tracks
potential
EoL
materials
US
through
flow
analysis.
Of
generated
materials,
58%
incinerated,
33%
landfilled,
9%
recycled
by
weight.
The
data
set
was
then
used
examine
theoretical
hazards
during
practices
generic
scenario
assessment,
highlighting
importance
ventilation
personal
protective
equipment
all
stages
management.
identifies
pollution
sources,
offering
policymakers
stakeholders
insights
shape
prevention
worker
safety
strategies
pathways.
ACS Catalysis,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(8), P. 4659 - 4679
Published: April 5, 2022
Plastics
are
indispensable,
but
their
pollution
is
triggering
a
global
environmental
crisis.
Although
many
end-of-life
catalytic
options
have
involved
converting
plastics
into
valuable
products,
deep
understanding
of
the
relationship
between
polymer
structure
and
recycling
performance
significant
urgently
needed.
Here,
we
start
with
primer
polymeric
chain
structures
on
chemical
discuss
structure–performance
polymer,
catalyst,
reaction.
Specifically,
development
challenges
re/upcycling
waste
PET
polyolefins
discussed
in-depth.
In
addition,
also
present
some
prospects
for
innovations
in
catalyst
synthesis
reaction
engineering
basis
relationship.
The
discussion
ends
brief
perspective
future
plastic
re/upcycling.
Overall,
intelligent
catalysis
design
necessary
incentivizing
relieving
burden
plastics.
Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9, P. 100673 - 100673
Published: Feb. 23, 2024
It
is
difficult
to
reuse
wastes
from
polymers
due
the
mismatch
between
amount
of
contaminants
and
secondary
quality
feed.
This
type
operation
much
more
expensive
cost-effective
than
production
polymer
raw
materials
latest
materials.
However,
recyclable
beneficial
if
used
extensively
in
various
concrete
products
wood-polymer
boards.
done
only
cleaning
sorting
are
not
particularly
important
for
products.
Polyethylene
terephthalate
(PET)
a
widely
industries
its
excellent
physical
chemical
properties.
Besides,
increasing
use
PET
has
led
global
crisis
waste
management,
as
improper
disposal
caused
significant
environmental
damage.
major
source
accumulated
landfills,
address
this
issue,
recycling
methods
have
evolved.
In
regard,
present
review
examines
techniques
involved
PET.
Conventional
influence
diverse
depolymerization
reaction
variables
were
discussed,
upsides
downsides
each
technique
considered.
The
summarizes
advances
technologies
plastic
waste,
focusing
on
bio-recycling
PET,
aiming
sustainable,
economical
solutions
circular
economy.
Polymer Engineering and Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
63(9), P. 2651 - 2674
Published: June 21, 2023
Abstract
Polyethylene
terephthalate
(PET)
is
used
in
textile
and
packaging
industries.
The
main
source
of
PET
production
fossil
fuels
with
limited
capacity.
Also,
products
are
single
use
that
transform
into
high
volumes
wastes,
causing
ecosystem
problems.
Recycling
proposed
to
confront
this
challenge.
four
major
recycling
techniques
mechanical,
chemical,
pyrolysis,
enzymatic.
Mechanical,
enzymatic
have
constrained
capabilities
manage
waste.
Chemical
the
potential
path
expanding
waste
possibility
upcycling
addressing
dirty
streams.
Several
chemical
methods
introduced
discussed
literature.
five
glycolysis,
alcoholysis,
aminolysis,
ammonolysis,
hydrolysis.
This
review
describes
depolymerization
via
these
introduces
hydrolysis
as
one
can
depolymerize
an
organic‐free
solvent
environment.
Hydrolysis
tolerates
mixed
wastes
streams
including
copolymers.
It
helps
avoid
challenges
attributed
using
organic
solvents
reaction
systems.
Moreover,
produces
terephthalic
acid,
monomer,
which
has
recently
gained
attention
initiative
monomer
for
production.
focuses
on
three
forms
hydrolysis—alkaline,
neutral,
by
presenting
background
studies,
issued
patents,
recent
trends
application
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(10), P. 4209 - 4218
Published: Feb. 23, 2023
The
growing
amount
of
plastic
waste
endangers
the
environment.
Polyethylene
terephthalate
(PET)
is
among
most
widespread
plastics
due
to
its
extensive
use
in
fibers
and
packaging.
Recently,
chemical
recycling
upcycling
approaches
have
been
proposed
produce
valuable
products
from
bale
PET
feedstocks.
This
work
performs
techno-economic
analysis
life
cycle
assessment
evaluate
environmental
economic
performances
various
technologies,
including
electrification
via
microwaves
over
a
heterogeneous
catalyst.
We
demonstrate
that
using
microwave-assisted
glycolysis
process
bis(2-hydroxyethyl)
(BHET)
could
lower
production
costs
emissions
than
traditional
dimethyl
(DMT)
route
high
reactivity
excellent
reusability
fast
reaction
rate
selectivity
render
this
ideal
for
handling
spatially
distributed
effectively.
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
124(16), P. 9457 - 9579
Published: Aug. 16, 2024
The
large
production
volumes
of
commodity
polyolefins
(specifically,
polyethylene,
polypropylene,
polystyrene,
and
poly(vinyl
chloride)),
in
conjunction
with
their
low
unit
values
multitude
short-term
uses,
have
resulted
a
significant
pressing
waste
management
challenge.
Only
small
fraction
these
is
currently
mechanically
recycled,
the
rest
being
incinerated,
accumulating
landfills,
or
leaking
into
natural
environment.
Since
are
energy-rich
materials,
there
considerable
interest
recouping
some
chemical
value
while
simultaneously
motivating
more
responsible
end-of-life
management.
An
emerging
strategy
catalytic
depolymerization,
which
portion
C-C
bonds
polyolefin
backbone
broken
assistance
catalyst
and,
cases,
additional
molecule
reagents.
When
products
molecules
materials
higher
own
right,
as
feedstocks,
process
called
upcycling.
This
review
summarizes
recent
progress
for
four
major
upcycling
strategies:
hydrogenolysis,
(hydro)cracking,
tandem
processes
involving
metathesis,
selective
oxidation.
Key
considerations
include
macromolecular
reaction
mechanisms
relative
to
mechanisms,
design
transformations,
effect
conditions
on
product
selectivity.
Metrics
describing
critically
evaluated,
an
outlook
future
advances
described.
Green Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
24(21), P. 8447 - 8459
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Functionalized
silica
gels
were
applied
as
heterogeneous
organocatalysts
in
PET
glycolysis,
and
recycled
by
filtration
while
preserving
high
monomer
yields
over
five
cycles.
Resources Environment and Sustainability,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14, P. 100134 - 100134
Published: Aug. 6, 2023
Commodity
plastics
such
as
polyethylene
(PE),
polypropylene
(PP)
and
terephthalate
(PET)
are
some
of
the
common
plastic
wastes
found
in
municipal
wastes.
Lack
technology,
resources,
coherent
programs,
policies,
mismanagement
incomplete
processing
these
plastics,
results
mostly
endinf
up
landfills.
Adopting
a
qualitative
research
approach,
paper
reviewed
PE,
PP
PET
recycling
waste
management
processes
from
selected
developed
developing
countries.
It
was
that
chemical
terms
catalytic
cracking
followed
by
pyrolysis
technologies
more
suitable
for
producing
higher
liquid
oils
whiles
gasification
improves
fuel
gas
yield.
Given
mechanical
requires
less
capital
it
is
option
products
In
cases
where
there
complex
separation
issues,
incineration
energy
recovery
appropriate
but
should
be
used
with
end-of-pipe
treatment
solutions
to
mitigate
against
environmental
impact
incineration.
The
further
highlights
various
opportunities
challenges
involved
pathway,
yields
obtained
each
technique
adaptation
can
made.
RSC Sustainability,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
1(9), P. 2135 - 2147
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
This
review
has
focused
on
the
concept
of
upcycling,
which
involves
utilizing
PET
waste
as
a
raw
material
for
production
value-added
products
such
monomers,
fine
chemicals,
hydrogen,
or
carbon
materials.
