Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
20(10), P. 6115 - 6128
Published: May 26, 2020
Abstract.
Photochemistry
plays
an
important
role
in
the
evolution
of
atmospheric
water-soluble
organic
carbon
(WSOC),
which
dissolves
into
clouds,
fogs,
and
aerosol
liquid
water.
In
this
study,
we
tentatively
examined
molecular
composition
a
WSOC
mixture
extracted
from
field-collected
wheat
straw
burning
(WSBA)
samples
upon
photolysis,
using
direct
infusion
electrospray
ionisation
(ESI)
coupled
to
high-resolution
mass
spectrometry
(HRMS)
chromatography
(LC)
with
HRMS.
For
comparison,
two
typical
phenolic
compounds
(i.e.
phenol
guaiacol)
emitted
lignin
pyrolysis
combination
hydrogen
peroxide
(H2O2)
as
OH
radical
precursor
were
simultaneously
exposed
simulated
sunlight
irradiation.
Their
photochemical
products
such
dimers
(e.g.
m∕z
185.0608
for
dimer
245.0823
guaiacol
dimer)
or
their
isomers,
also
observed
WSBA
samples,
suggesting
that
aqueous-phase
reactions
might
contribute
formation
biomass
aerosols.
The
aqueous
photochemistry
both
phenols
(photooxidation)
extracts
(direct
photolysis)
could
produce
series
highly
oxygenated
compounds,
turn
increases
oxidation
degree
acidity
bulk
solution.
particular,
LC/ESI-HRMS
technique
revealed
significant
e.g.
photodegradation
low
species
products.
We
compared
spectra
photolytic
time-profile
each
other
more
comprehensive
description
evolution.
calculated
average
oxygen-to-carbon
ratio
(O∕C)
extract
0.38±0.02
0.44±0.02
(mean
±
standard
deviation),
while
intensity
(S∕N)-weighted
O∕C
(O∕Cw)
0.45±0.03
0.53±0.06
time
irradiation
extends
0
12
h.
These
findings
indicate
fraction
combustion-derived
aerosols
has
potential
form
oxidised
matter,
contributing
nature
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
50(3), P. 1166 - 1173
Published: Jan. 4, 2016
Imidazoles
are
widely
discussed
in
recent
literature.
They
have
been
studied
as
a
secondary
product
of
the
reaction
dicarbonyls
with
nitrogen
containing
compounds
number
laboratory
studies,
potentially
acting
photosensitizers
triggering
organic
aerosol
growth
and
forming
constituents
light
absorbing
brown
carbon.
Despite
knowledge
from
no
quantitative
information
about
imidazoles
ambient
particles
is
available.
Within
present
study,
five
(1-butylimidazole,
1-ethylimidazole,
2-ethylimidazole,
imidazol-2-carboxaldehyde,
4(5)-methylimidazole)
were
successfully
identified
quantified
for
first
time
samples
different
environments
Europe
China.
Their
concentrations
range
between
0.2
14
ng/m3.
4(5)-Methylimidazole
was
found
to
be
most
abundant
imidazole.
The
occurrence
seems
favored
at
sites
strong
biomass
burning
influence
or
connected
more
polluted
air
masses.
No
connection
particle
pH
imidazole
concentration.
Our
work
corroborates
studies
by
showing
that
measurable
amounts.
Moreover,
it
further
motivates
explore
potential
photosensitizing
properties
small
alkyl-substituted
imidazoles.
Environmental Science & Technology Letters,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
6(7), P. 413 - 417
Published: June 17, 2019
Nitrous
acid
(HONO)
is
one
of
the
most
important
photochemical
precursors
hydroxyl
radical
in
sunlit
urban
atmosphere.
The
sources
HONO,
however,
are
still
poorly
characterized,
yet
there
a
disagreement
between
field
observations
and
model
results.
Here,
we
show
that
light-induced
NO2
heterogeneous
chemistry
on
authentic
grime
can
make
an
contribution
to
total
HONO
levels
obtained
results
indicate
effective
uptake
coefficients
presence
ultraviolet
light
[2.6
×
1015
photons
cm–2
s–1
(300
nm
<
λ
400
nm)]
increased
markedly
from
(1.1
±
0.2)
10–6
at
0%
relative
humidity
(RH)
(5.8
0.7)
90%
RH,
exhibiting
following
linear
correlation
with
RH:
γ(NO2)
=
(7.4
3.3)
10–7
+
(5.5
0.6)
10–8
RH%.
flux
densities
mediated
by
conversion
(46
ppb)
were
enhanced
∼1
order
magnitude
(2.3
109
molecules
RH
(1.5
0.01)
1010
RH.
This
study
promotes
being
source
suggests
further
experiments
be
performed
future.
ACS Omega,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
7(43), P. 38158 - 38192
Published: Oct. 20, 2022
Introducing
new
materials
with
low
cost
and
superior
solar
harvesting
efficiency
requires
urgent
attention
to
solve
energy
environmental
challenges.
Titanium
carbide
(Ti3C2Tx)
MXene,
a
2D
layered
material,
is
promising
solution
the
issues
of
existing
due
their
conductivity
function
as
cocatalyst/support.
On
other
hand,
metal–organic
frameworks
(MOFs)
are
emerging
high
surface
area
semiconducting
characteristics.
Therefore,
coupling
them
would
be
form
composites
higher
efficiency.
Thus,
main
objective
this
work
disclose
recent
development
in
Ti3C2Tx-based
MOF
nanocomposites
for
conversion
applications
produce
renewable
fuels.
MOFs
can
generate
photoinduced
electron/hole
pairs,
followed
by
transfer
electrons
MXenes
through
Schottky
junctions
photoredox
reactions.
Currently,
principles,
fundamentals,
mechanism
photocatalytic
systems
construction
critically
discussed.
Then
basics
discussed
thoroughly
terms
physical
properties,
morphologies,
optical
derivatives.
The
synthesis
Ti3C2Tx
formation
functionals
systematically
illustrated.
Next,
critical
discussions
conducted
on
design
considerations
strategies
engineer
morphology
MOFs.
interfacial/heterojunction
modification
then
deeply
understand
roles
both
materials.
Following
that,
MXene-mediated
nanotextures
view
CO2
reduction
water
splitting
fuel
production
analyzed.
Finally,
challenges
perspective
toward
future
research
MXene-based
disclosed.
Environmental Science and Ecotechnology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22, P. 100449 - 100449
Published: July 5, 2024
In
recent
years,
there
has
been
significant
interest
in
photocatalytic
technologies
utilizing
semiconductors
and
photosensitizers
responsive
to
solar
light,
owing
their
potential
for
energy
environmental
applications.
Current
efforts
are
focused
on
enhancing
existing
photocatalysts
developing
new
ones
tailored
uses.
Anthraquinones
(AQs)
serve
as
redox-active
electron
transfer
mediators
photochemically
active
organic
photosensitizers,
effectively
addressing
common
issues
such
low
light
utilization
carrier
separation
efficiency
found
conventional
semiconductors.
AQs
offer
advantages
abundant
raw
materials,
controlled
preparation,
excellent
capabilities,
photosensitivity,
with
applications
spanning
the
energy,
medical,
sectors.
Despite
utility,
comprehensive
reviews
AQs-based
systems
contexts
lacking.
this
review,
we
thoroughly
describe
photochemical
properties
of
photocatalysis,
particularly
key
challenges
like
clean
production,
antibacterial
action,
pollutant
degradation.
However,
face
limitations
practical
due
electrical
conductivity
solubility-related
secondary
contamination.
To
mitigate
these
issues,
design
synthesis
graphene-immobilized
highlighted
a
solution
enhance
Additionally,
future
research
directions
proposed
deepen
understanding
AQs'
theoretical
mechanisms
provide
wastewater
treatment.
This
review
aims
facilitate
mechanistic
studies
improve
technologies.
Faraday Discussions,
Journal Year:
2013,
Volume and Issue:
165, P. 181 - 181
Published: Jan. 1, 2013
Measurements
of
ambient
organic
aerosol
indicate
that
a
substantial
fraction
is
highly
oxidized
and
low
in
volatility,
but
this
generally
not
reproduced
well
either
laboratory
studies
or
models.
Here
we
describe
new
approach
for
constraining
the
viable
precursors
formation
pathways
aerosol,
by
starting
with
product
considering
possible
reverse
reactions,
using
set
simple
chemical
rules.
The
focus
work
low-volatility
(LV-OOA),
determined
from
factor
analysis
mass
spectrometer
data.
elemental
composition
volatility
enable
determination
its
position
three-dimensional
space
(defined
H/C,
O/C,
carbon
number)
thus
average
formula.
Consideration
back-reactions
then
defines
movement
taken
through
space,
potential
reaction
precursors.
This
two
types,
an
LV-OOA
factors
ten
field
campaigns
(average
formula
C10.5H13.4O7.3),
extremely
(from
Mexico
City,
C10H12.1O8.4).
Results
suggest
include
functionalization
reactions
add
multiple
functional
groups
per
oxidation
step,
oligomerization
precursors,
and,
some
cases,
fragmentation
involve
loss
small,
reduced
fragments.
