Emerging threats and persistent conservation challenges for freshwater biodiversity

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 94(3), P. 849 - 873

Published: Nov. 22, 2018

ABSTRACT In the 12 years since Dudgeon et al . (2006) reviewed major pressures on freshwater ecosystems, biodiversity crisis in world's lakes, reservoirs, rivers, streams and wetlands has deepened. While reservoirs rivers cover only 2.3% of Earth's surface, these ecosystems host at least 9.5% described animal species. Furthermore, using World Wide Fund for Nature's Living Planet Index, population declines (83% between 1970 2014) continue to outpace contemporaneous marine or terrestrial systems. The Anthropocene brought multiple new varied threats that disproportionately impact We document emerging are either entirely 2006 have intensified: ( i ) changing climates; ii e‐commerce invasions; iii infectious diseases; iv harmful algal blooms; v expanding hydropower; vi contaminants; vii engineered nanomaterials; viii microplastic pollution; (i x light noise; salinisation; xi declining calcium; xii cumulative stressors. Effects evidenced amphibians, fishes, invertebrates, microbes, plants, turtles waterbirds, with potential ecosystem‐level changes through bottom‐up top‐down processes. our highly uncertain future, net effects raise serious concerns ecosystems. However, we also highlight opportunities conservation gains as a result novel management tools (e.g. environmental flows, DNA) specific conservation‐oriented actions dam removal, habitat protection policies, managed relocation species) been met varying levels success. Moving forward, advocate hybrid approaches manage fresh waters crucial human life support well essential hotspots ecological function. Efforts reverse global trends degradation now depend bridging an immense gap aspirations biologists accelerating rate species endangerment.

Language: Английский

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A review on emerging contaminants in wastewaters and the environment: Current knowledge, understudied areas and recommendations for future monitoring

Water Research, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 72, P. 3 - 27

Published: Sept. 10, 2014

This review identifies understudied areas of emerging contaminant (EC) research in wastewaters and the environment, recommends direction for future monitoring. Non-regulated trace organic ECs including pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs personal care products are focused on due to ongoing policy initiatives expectant broadening environmental legislation. These ubiquitous aquatic mainly derived from discharge municipal wastewater effluents. Their presence is concern possible ecological impact (e.g., endocrine disruption) biota within environment. To better understand their fate a standardised approach sampling needed. ensures representative data attained facilitates understanding spatial temporal trends EC occurrence. During treatment, there lack suspended particulate matter analysis further preparation requirements good analytical approaches. results under-reporting several entering treatment works (WwTWs) Also, sludge can act as concentrating medium some chemicals during treatment. The majority treated applied directly agricultural land without ECs. As result paucity information soils consequently, has been no driver investigate toxicity exposed terrestrial organisms. Therefore more holistic monitoring required, such that all compartments studied. traditional applying targeted screening with low resolution mass spectrometry triple quadrupoles) numerous transformation going undetected. exhibit similar parent EC, demonstrating necessity using an integrated which compliments non-targeted biological assays measure impact. With respect current testing protocols, failure consider enantiomeric distribution chiral compounds found toxicological differences between enantiomers concerning. Such essential development accurate risk assessment.

Language: Английский

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Pharmaceuticals of Emerging Concern in Aquatic Systems: Chemistry, Occurrence, Effects, and Removal Methods

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 119(6), P. 3510 - 3673

Published: March 4, 2019

In the last few decades, pharmaceuticals, credited with saving millions of lives, have emerged as a new class environmental contaminant. These compounds can both chronic and acute harmful effects on natural flora fauna. The presence pharmaceutical contaminants in ground waters, surface waters (lakes, rivers, streams), sea water, wastewater treatment plants (influents effluents), soils, sludges has been well doccumented. A range methods including oxidation, photolysis, UV-degradation, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, adsorption used for their remediation from aqueous systems. Many commercially limited by toxic sludge generation, incomplete removal, high capital operating costs, need skilled maintenance personnel. Adsorption technologies are low-cost alternative, easily developing countries where there is dearth advanced technologies, personnel, available capital, appears to be most broadly feasible removal method. integrated (WWTPs). Herein, we reviewed literature (1990–2018) illustrating rising contamination concerns efforts emphasizing adsorption.

Language: Английский

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Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the freshwater aquatic environment

Emerging contaminants, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 1 - 16

Published: Jan. 5, 2017

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are a unique group of emerging environmental contaminants, due to their inherent ability induce physiological effects in human at low doses. An increasing number studies has confirmed the presence various PPCPs different compartments, which raises concerns about potential adverse humans wildlife. Therefore, this article reviews current state-of-knowledge on freshwater aquatic environment. The risk posed by these contaminants is evaluated light persistence, bioaccumulation toxicity criteria. Available literature sources, transport degradation environment evaluated, followed comprehensive review reported concentrations PPCP groups (water, sediment biota) five continents. Finally, future perspectives for research discussed identified gaps knowledge.

Language: Английский

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Pharmaceuticals in the environment—Global occurrences and perspectives

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 35(4), P. 823 - 835

Published: Dec. 14, 2015

Abstract Pharmaceuticals are known to occur widely in the environment of industrialized countries. In developing countries, more monitoring results have recently become available, but a concise picture measured environmental concentrations (MECs) is still elusive. Through comprehensive literature review 1016 original publications and 150 articles, authors collected MECs for human veterinary pharmaceutical substances reported worldwide surface water, groundwater, tap/drinking manure, soil, other matrices database. Due heterogeneity data sources, simplified quality assessment was conducted. The database reveals that pharmaceuticals or their transformation products been detected 71 countries covering all continents. These were then grouped into 5 regions recognized by United Nations (UN). total, 631 different found at above detection limit respective analytical methods employed, revealing distinct regional patterns. Sixteen each UN regions. For example, anti‐inflammatory drug diclofenac has 50 several locations exceeded predicted no‐effect concentrations. Urban wastewater seems be dominant emission pathway globally, although emissions from industrial production, hospitals, agriculture, aquaculture important locally. conclude global challenge calling multistakeholder approaches prevent, reduce, manage entry presence environment, such as those being discussed under Strategic Approach International Chemicals Management, Environment Program. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:823–835. © 2015 SETAC

Language: Английский

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Pharmaceutical pollution of the world’s rivers

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(8)

Published: Feb. 14, 2022

Environmental exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can have negative effects on the health of ecosystems and humans. While numerous studies monitored APIs in rivers, these employ different analytical methods, measure APIs, ignored many countries world. This makes it difficult quantify scale problem from a global perspective. Furthermore, comparison existing data, generated for studies/regions/continents, is challenging due vast differences between methodologies employed. Here, we present global-scale study API pollution 258 world's representing environmental influence 471.4 million people across 137 geographic regions. Samples were obtained 1,052 locations 104 (representing all continents 36 not previously studied contamination) analyzed 61 APIs. Highest cumulative concentrations observed sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, South America. The most contaminated sites low- middle-income associated with areas poor wastewater waste management infrastructure manufacturing. frequently detected carbamazepine, metformin, caffeine (a compound also arising lifestyle use), which at over half monitored. Concentrations least one 25.7% sampling greater than considered safe aquatic organisms, or are concern terms selection antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, poses threat human health, as well delivery United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Language: Английский

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Antibiotic pollution in surface fresh waters: Occurrence and effects

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 664, P. 793 - 804

Published: Feb. 5, 2019

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in photocatalysis for environmental applications

Journal of environmental chemical engineering, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 6(3), P. 3531 - 3555

Published: Aug. 3, 2017

Language: Английский

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Treatment technologies for emerging contaminants in wastewater treatment plants: A review

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 753, P. 141990 - 141990

Published: Aug. 26, 2020

Language: Английский

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High-silica zeolites for adsorption of organic micro-pollutants in water treatment: A review

Water Research, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 144, P. 145 - 161

Published: July 7, 2018

High-silica zeolites have been found to be effective adsorbents for the removal of organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) from impaired water, including various pharmaceuticals, personal care products, industrial chemicals, etc. In this review, properties and fundamentals high-silica are summarised. Recent research on mechanisms efficiencies OMP adsorption by reviewed assess potential opportunities challenges application in water treatment. It is concluded that capacities well-related surface hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity structural features, e.g. micropore volume pore size zeolites, as well OMPs. By using undesired competitive background matter (BOM) natural could potentially prevented. addition, oxidative regeneration applied on-site restore capacity OMPs prevent toxic residues re-entering environment.

Language: Английский

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